Do you know

HOW DO ESCALATORS WORK?

An escalator is a moving staircase that helps people go up and down between floors without having to walk. It is made of many steps that are joined together like a big conveyor belt. It works using chains and gears. A motor-powered chain moves the steps up and down between floors in a continuous loop.

6 simple steps to understand how escalators work:

● A motor powers the gears at the top of the escalator. 

● The gears pull a chain, which moves the steps continuously. 

● Each step has wheels that roll along tracks. 

● The handrail moves in sync with the steps to help maintain balance. 

● At the top and bottom, the steps flatten out, making it easy to step on or off.

● The steps then recycle underneath and start again for the next riders.

 

A brilliant story of a mother’s bravery

HIRKANI 

Women have worked valiantly and diligently throughout history to identify themselves as individuals and specialists in their fields. As a consequence, we can now witness courageous women serving and safeguarding our nation more effectively, as well as acting as an inspiration to millions of young girls throughout the world. Here's one such true story of a Hirkani, a valiant woman under the Maratha Empire who is still recognised for her act of heroism.

Hirkani used to reside near the fort of Raigad. Shivaji took control of the fort in 1674 and made it his capital. Climbing this fort, which is situated on a hilltop, was extremely difficult and practically impossible for anyone. A village used to reside at the base of the fort, and all of the fort's daily necessities were transported along the fort's main road. The fort's gates opened in the morning and closed in the evening. Due to security concerns, it was agreed that the gates would not be opened after daybreak at any cost, as any adversary may enter. Hirkani, like the rest of the villagers, used to go to the fort every day to sell milk.

Hirkani went to the fort to sell milk to the clients like she did every day. However, because her child was sick that day, she arrived late at the fort. She took her time getting to the fort since she came late. As a result, she was unable to return to the departure gate on time. When she returned, she saw that the fort gate had been shut and so she was detained at the gate. Because her child was alone, she pleaded with the soldier to let her go.

The soldier guarding the gate refused to allow her since Shivaji had ordered that the gate be closed after sundown. Hirkani, being the strong mother that she was, couldn't leave her kid alone at night. She made the decision to ascend the slope in the dead of night, and she did it, ultimately reaching her house. When Hirkani returned to the fort gates the next morning, the soldier saw she had several wounds and bruises. Since the soldier had instructed her to stay within the fort the previous night, he was astonished to see her outside the gate. Because an official regulation had been breached, it was determined that she would be presented to Shivaji.

When Shivaji inquired as to why Hirkani walked outside the fort in the evening, the courageous lady said that her kid was alone at home and she couldn't leave him alone. Shivaji was so moved by Hirkani's bravery that he ordered the erection of a wall at the vertical fall. Hirkani Buruj was the name given to this wall in honour of the courageous mother.

Hirkani's narrative has inspired a number of traditional tales and literature, as well as men and women all throughout India. In 2017, the Pune City Police Headquarters dedicated a multi-purpose facility dubbed 'Hirkani' to its female constables and officers, in honor of her bravery.

Asia’s Mysterious Unicorn

SAOLA 

Deep within the dense, mist-covered forests of the Annamite Mountains on the Laos-Vietnam border lives one of the world’s rarest and most mysterious animals — the Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis). Often referred to as the "Asian Unicorn," the Saola is so elusive that it has almost never been seen in the wild by scientists. Its mysterious nature and extreme rarity have made it a symbol of the urgent need for wildlife conservation.

Discovery and Appearance: The Saola was first discovered in 1992 by a joint team of the Vietnamese government and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), making it one of the most spectacular zoological discoveries of the 20th century. Measuring about 3 feet tall at the shoulder and weighing between 80 to 100 kilograms, the Saola resembles an antelope, but is more closely related to cattle.

It has striking white facial markings and long, gently curved horns that can grow up to 50 centimetres in length. Both males and females have these horns, which contribute to its unicorn-like image.

Habitat and Behaviour: Saolas inhabit the wet evergreen forests of the Annamite Mountains. They are shy and solitary creatures, rarely venturing close to human settlements. Their diet consists mainly of leafy plants, fruits, and shrubs. Due to their secretive nature and the inaccessibility of their habitat, very little is known about their behaviour, breeding, or population numbers.

Conservation Status: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed the Saola as Critically Endangered. It is believed that fewer than a few dozen individuals remain in the wild. Habitat loss due to deforestation, poaching, and the use of snares meant for other animals are the main threats to their survival.

Several conservation organisations, including the Saola Working Group and WWF, are working tirelessly to protect this unique species. Efforts include anti-poaching patrols, snare removal, and plans to establish captive breeding programmes.

Why the Saola Matters: The Saola is not just a rare animal; it is a symbol of the unique biodiversity of Southeast Asia. Preserving it means protecting entire ecosystems and countless other species that share its habitat. Its survival depends on immediate and sustained conservation actions.

Conclusion: The Saola is a living treasure of our natural world — a gentle and mysterious creature on the brink of extinction. As awareness grows, so does hope. With global support and committed conservation efforts, we can ensure that this “Asian Unicorn” continues to roam the forests of the Annamites for generations to come.

Face of India’s military excellence

COLONEL SOPHIA QURESHI 

In the early hours of Wednesday, the Indian Air Force executed air strikes on nine terrorist hideouts in Pakistan under Operation Sindoor, eliminating several terrorists. The Indian Army disclosed details of this strategic strike during a press conference, with two distinguished female military officers, including Colonel Sophia Qureshi from Vadodara, Gujarat. 

Colonel Sophia Qureshi is a distinguished officer in the Indian Army's Corps of Signals, renowned for her trailblazing contributions to military leadership and technological advancement. 

🎖️ Pioneering Military Leadership

In 2016, Colonel Qureshi made history by becoming the first woman officer to lead an Indian Army contingent in a multinational military exercise. She commanded the Indian team at 'Exercise Force 18', the largest foreign military drill ever hosted by India, involving 18 participating countries. Notably, she was the only female commander among all contingents, exemplifying India's evolving military ethos that values competence over convention.  

Colonel Sophia Qureshi currently serves as a prominent officer in the Indian Army's Corps of Signals. Renowned for her exemplary service, she commanded India's team in the United Nations Peacekeeping Mission and played a pivotal role as a key trainer. Her involvement in Peacekeeping Operations (PKOs) spans over six years, beginning with her deployment in the United Nations Congo Peacekeeping Mission in 2006. 

🛡️ Role in Operation Sindoor

In May 2025, Colonel Qureshi played a pivotal role in 'Operation Sindoor', India's significant retaliatory action against terrorism following the Pahalgam attack. She, alongside Wing Commander Vyomika Singh, briefed the media on the operation, which targeted and destroyed nine terrorist camps in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. Her leadership during this operation underscored her strategic acumen and commitment to national security.  

🎓 Academic and Technical Expertise

Colonel Qureshi holds a postgraduate degree in Biochemistry and has furthered her military education through various prestigious institutions. Her academic background complements her technical expertise in military communications and cyber warfare, areas in which she has significantly contributed to the modernization of the Indian Army's technological capabilities.  

Colonel Sophia Qureshi completed her Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Biochemistry from MS University before joining the Indian Army through a Short Service Commission in 1999 at the age of 17. She underwent rigorous training at the Officers Training Academy in Chennai and was commissioned as a Lieutenant. Throughout her career, she has earned commendations for her exceptional contributions during various operations, including Operation Parakram and flood relief efforts in North-East India.Colonel Sophia Qureshi led a 40-member contingent of the Indian Army in 'Force 18,' a multinational military exercise held in Pune, where she represented India as the sole woman army officer. Her leadership skills and dedication were highlighted by former Chief of Defence Staff, the late Bipin Rawat, who emphasized the Indian Army's commitment to equal opportunities and responsibilities irrespective of gender. 

In a statement regarding Colonel Sophia Qureshi's participation in ASEAN summits, General Bipin Rawat said, "In the Army, we believe in equal opportunities and equal responsibilities. Sophia Qureshi embodies leadership qualities that transcend gender barriers, earning her role not through tokenism but through merit."

👩‍👧 Personal Background

Hailing from Vadodara, Gujarat, Colonel Qureshi comes from a family with a strong military background; her grandfather served in the Indian Army, and her father was also in the Army for a few years as a religious teacher. She is married to Major Tajuddin Qureshi, an officer in the Mechanised Infantry Regiment, and they have a son named Sameer.  

🌟 Legacy and Recognition

Colonel Qureshi's career is marked by numerous accolades, including the Sena Medal and the Vishisht Seva Medal, recognizing her exceptional service and leadership. Her pioneering role has not only broken gender barriers in the armed forces but also inspired policy changes, including the Supreme Court's 2020 ruling on Permanent Commission for women Army officers.  

Colonel Sophia Qureshi stands as a symbol of courage, innovation, and dedication in the Indian Armed Forces, inspiring future generations to pursue excellence in service to the nation. 

May 8

WORLD RED CROSS DAY 

Every year on May 8, the world observes World Red Cross Day to honour the remarkable humanitarian work carried out by the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. This day also commemorates the birth anniversary of Henry Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross and the first recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.

The Origins of the Red Cross: The idea of the Red Cross was born out of the horrors of war. In 1859, Henry Dunant witnessed the devastating aftermath of the Battle of Solferino in Italy. Moved by the immense suffering of wounded soldiers, he proposed the creation of a neutral organisation that could provide care to those injured in conflict, regardless of nationality. His vision led to the establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863.

Significance of the Day: World Red Cross Day is more than a celebration—it is a reminder of the enduring need for humanitarian aid, empathy, and international solidarity. It highlights the tireless efforts of Red Cross volunteers and workers who serve in war zones, natural disasters, and health emergencies across the globe. The day also promotes the seven fundamental principles of the movement: Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary Service, Unity, and Universality.

Global Impact: The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement operates in over 190 countries, offering emergency relief, health services, blood donation drives, disaster response, and refugee support. From responding to pandemics like COVID-19 to assisting victims of earthquakes and floods, the organisation lays a vital role in alleviating human suffering.

Celebrating the Spirit of Service: On this day, various events such as blood donation camps, awareness drives, and volunteer appreciation programs are organised worldwide. Educational institutions, governments, and NGOs come together to spread awareness about humanitarian values and the importance of volunteerism.

Conclusion: World Red Cross Day serves as a beacon of hope in a world often marred by conflict and crisis. It calls on every individual to uphold the spirit of humanity, extend help to the vulnerable, and recognise the selfless service of those who work to bring relief and dignity to those in need.

Do you know

WHY DOES A LIZARD'S TAIL JUMP WHEN CUT OFF ACCIDENTALLY?

When choosing between life and limb, many animals willingly sacrifice the limb. Certain animals voluntarily shed a body part in response to attempted predation. Lizards' losing their tail when they fall prey to a predator is well known. 

Many species of lizards practice this self-amputation called autotomy, which is reflex separation of a part from the body (that divides into two or more pieces). The lizard whose tail is caught by a predator is distracted by the still-moving tail. 

Not all lizards can do that! The lizards that can do it are typically small ones with no other methods of defence. Many lizards are even capable of regenerating the lost nails. 

Why are lizard's tails very easy to detach? It's a defense mechanism, they fully control the things that happen in their tail, like detaching it and regrowing it later, to act as a decoy when a predator threatens their lives. While the predator is busy looking at the acrobatic tail, the lizard merrily runs away from harm.

The severed tail continues to wiggle for about 30 minutes. Studies have shown that the severed tail follows an elaborate repetitive and diverse motion, which includes flips up to 3cm in height. 

If, by chance, you see a lizard please try not to frighten it too much. It might drop its tail just for your entertainment. If it does drop it, do not remove its tail away. Observe the lizard, which will return and probably eat its tail so that it gains more energy from the fat the tail has, making tail-regeneration faster. 

Where canines are worshipped

THE ENIGMATIC DOG TEMPLE OF CHANNAPATNA 

In the heart of Karnataka’s Ramanagara district, where Channapatna’s colorful wooden toys charm tourists and locals alike, lies a lesser-known yet deeply fascinating cultural gem—the Dog Temple of Agrahara Valagerehalli. Unassuming at first glance, this modest shrine is perhaps the only temple in India where canines, not deities in traditional form, are the revered protectors of the village.

A Shrine Born from Loyalty: The story of this unusual temple begins in 2010 when a local businessman named Ramesh, while overseeing the renovation of the nearby Kempamma Devi Temple, noticed something extraordinary. Two stray dogs began guarding the temple premises, standing watch day and night. Their presence became so integral that when they mysteriously vanished, villagers were both puzzled and disturbed.

Soon after, a devotee reported a divine dream: Goddess Kempamma had appeared, asking for a temple to be built in honor of the loyal dogs to safeguard the community. Heeding this spiritual plea, the villagers built a marble shrine adjacent to the main temple, featuring sculpted idols of the two canines who had once been its silent sentinels.

Rooted in Belief and Symbolism: In Hindu mythology, dogs hold significant symbolic weight. They are seen as the vahanas (vehicles) of Bhairava—a fierce form of Lord Shiva—and are also associated with Yama, the god of death. They represent loyalty, protection, and spiritual alertness. The Dog Temple of Channapatna doesn’t just honour animals; it reflects a deeper belief in the unseen guardians that walk among us.

A Ritual of Reverence: The temple may be small, but its cultural heartbeat is strong. Poojas (ritual prayers) are performed on Sundays, Mondays, and Thursdays, drawing both villagers and curious travelers. The annual Jatra Mahotsav in mid-August is a major event—an earthy, vibrant village festival that includes animal sacrifices, with the meat offered to local dogs as a gesture of gratitude and reverence.

Many dog lovers some with their pet dogs, visit the temple on regular basis. People visit the dog temple, for the naming ceremony of their pet dogs and pray for their well-being. 

More Than a Temple: While in Channapatna, visitors can explore its famed toy-making industry—an art form passed down through generations. It’s a fitting combination: a town that honors both the traditional and the unexpected, from handcrafted wooden toys to temples built for man’s best friend.