Salute to the Indian Armed Forces

OPERATION SINDOOR 

Why did India launch Operation Sindoor and where did India strike during operation Sindoor? 

Operation Sindoor was India’s response to the deadly April 22 attack on tourists in Pahalgam, Kashmir, during which 26 innocent civilians were killed. Tensions between India and Pakistan grew after this deadly attack on tourists in Kashmir. The attack led to a serious breakdown in relations between the two countries. After the attack, India took several steps meant to punish terror camps based in Pakistan and to send a message to the Pakistan administration that India will not tolerate Pakistan sponsored terrorism. India cut off all trade with Pakistan, closed its borders, and expelled diplomats. India even cancelled the longstanding Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan.

After the strikes, later on May 7 morning, the Indian foreign secretary Vikram Misri along with two women officers briefed the country on the details of Operation Sindoor. The two women officers were Colonel Sofiya Qureshi from the Indian Army and Wing Commander Vyomika Singh, a helicopter pilot. Colonel Sofiya Qureshi said, “The Armed forces conducted Operation Sindoor on the night between May 6 and 7 at 1.05 a.m. and 1.30 a.m. Nine terror camps were targeted and completely destroyed them. Terror infrastructures such as centres for recruitment, indoctrination and launch pads are present in Pakistan and PoK”.

Where did India strike during Operation Sindoor?

Under Operation Sindoor, the Indian Armed forces targeted the following nine places: 

2 separate places in Muzaffarabad (PoK), 2 separate places in Kotli (PoK), 1 place in Bhimber (PoK), 2 separate places in Sialkot (Pakistan), 1 place in Bahawalpur (Pakistan) and 1 place in Muridke (Pakistan). 

India successfully destroyed these terror camps linked to banned terror groups Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hizbul Mujahideen. These groups have carried out many attacks in India. More than 100 terrorists, including five key terrorists responsible for terror attacks in India, were killed during India’s strikes on the terror camps in Pakistan. These locations were identified as key training and operational hubs in Pakistan for terror attacks against India. Further, 11 air bases in Pakistan were also destroyed. Operation Sindoor was executed through the coordinated efforts of the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force, conducted from Indian territory.

What happened after Operation Sindoor?

After the launch of Operation Sindoor by India on May 7, Pakistan flew drones and aircrafts into the Indian airspace all across borders, and launched artillery shelling across the Line of Control. India responded to these attacks by Pakistan by use of appropriate force and successfully neutralised the attacks by Pakistan. The Indian Army inflicted heavy damage on Pakistan.

Ceasefire: The fighting has stopped 

India and Pakistan agreed to halt all military actions on land, air, and sea, with effect from the evening of May 10.

Why did India target terror camps and Pakistan based terror organisations?

There have been several terrorist attacks in India since 2001 where there has been a direct involvement of Pakistan. Despite India giving evidence, Pakistan has refused to take action against terrorist organisations and continues to extend support to them. The examples of major terrorist attacks include: 2001 Parliament attack, 2008 Mumbai attacks, 2011 attacks in Delhi and Mumbai, 2013 Hyderabad, 2015 Gurdaspur, 2016 Uri, 2017 Amarnath Yathra, and 2019 Pulwama. After the recent Pahalgam attack, India decided to give a befitting reply to the terror attacks on India by terror organisations based in Pakistan.

Civil drills 

On May 7, India carried out mock drills across 244 districts in the country. These drills, codenamed ‘Operation Abhyas’, were held to ensure that the civilians are prepared and aware about safety protocols. During the drills air raid warning sirens were played in some areas and training was conducted for civilians and students on how to protect themselves during a hostile attack. These mock drills are like fire safety and earthquake drills. The main reason for conducting the drills was to ensure that everyone stays calm and is prepared.

Armed forces 

The armed forces refer to the military organisations of a country that are responsible for defending the nation and its interests, especially during times of war or conflict. This typically includes:

Army – handles land-based military operations

Navy – manages operations at sea

Air Force – conducts military activities in the air

In short, the armed forces are the people and units trained to protect the country, both from external threats and during emergencies.

JAI HIND🇮🇳

BHARAT MATA KI JAI🚩

UNESCO honours India’s ancient texts

UNESCO’s MEMORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER 

UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register is a global initiative that was launched in 1992 with the aim of “guarding against the collective amnesia, calling upon the preservation of the valuable archive holdings and library collections all over the world, and ensuring their wide dissemination”.

Two very important ancient Indian books—the Bhagavad Gita and Bharata’s Natyashastra—have been added to a special list by the The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (“UNESCO”) called the Memory of the World Register. This list keeps and protects important documents that have helped shape history and culture all around the world. Prime Minister Narendra Modi said this is a proud moment for every Indian because it shows the world how important and valuable India’s culture and wisdom are. These books have inspired people for centuries and now the whole world recognises their importance. With the latest additions, the Memory of the Register now contains 570 entries.

What Are These Ancient Texts?

Bhagavad Gita: It’s a famous conversation between Lord Krishna and the warrior Arjuna. It talks about life, duty, and how to live wisely. Many people see it as a guide for spiritual and moral lessons.

Natyashastra: Written by an ancient sage named Bharat Muni, this book is like the “rulebook” for Indian performing arts like dance, music, and theatre. It has been the foundation for these arts for thousands of years!

India now has 13 entries on this Register.

Career

SPORTS MANAGEMENT 

When we envision a career in sports, our minds only mostly go to being a player in the sport itself, an umpire/ referee, a coach or a commentator. But did you know there are avenues for working in sports that are not directly related with the activities of the sport in itself?

Sports Management: Sports management is the field that manages the business and administrative managers of sports- including managing day to day affairs of sports teams, clubs, athletes, venues and events. Every sport that we watch today requires a keen attention to detail in order to carry out the event perfectly and also to manage the revenues efficiently. Fans root for their teams to win everytime, but aspects like reaching the fan base, getting fans to show up to cheer the team, ensuring smooth functioning of a sport event and supporting athletes on D-day is equally vital: and these are some of the functions carried out by sports managers. So this work and skill set is required at any level or area where sports is played: from regional tournaments to international ones.

A student studying sports management will learn about the management, finance, marketing and laws related to the sports industry in general or any one sport in particular. It enables students to develop the most important skill sets required in the industry, including but not limited to: critical thinking, problem-solving, communication and attention to details. These are the skills that will help you either handle the PR for your sports team, negotiate a sponsorship contract for a player or team or decide which marketing avenues to pursue. Besides these, sports managers also need to be as hardworking and competitive, and function as well in a team as the players they represent. So in turn, pursuing a sports management career presents to people an opportunity to be involved in the sport they are most passionate about without requiring one to be an athlete in the sport.

What are some of the roles in a sports management career?

1. Sports Marketing and Sponsorship Manager : They are in charge of marketing the team’s sports events, leagues, tournaments etc. to potential sponsors and get sponsorships.

2. Sports Event Manager : A sports event manager develops, oversees and coordinates sporting events to promote brands, teams or team members.

3. Sports Analyst: Sports teams and clubs use sports analysts to evaluate the performance of specific players, teams, clubs, rival teams, etc. to assist coaches and support personnel in enhancing sports performance. To analyse different aspects of a match, sporting performances of teams, clubs, individual athletes etc., various print and audiovisual media (TV channels) as well as internet media hire sports analysts.

4. Sports Communication Manager: Sports teams, individual athletes and especially sports celebrities have media and communication needs that must be handled by a sports communication / advertising manager.

5. Sports Consultant: Sports consultants are specialists who work with professional athletes, sports groups and teams. They provide consulting services that range from helping teams and team members establish and get endorsement agreements and contracts to helping corporations sponsor significant sporting events. 

6. Sports Operations Manager: Sports league, competition and tournament operations are planned and carried out by sports Operations Managers. 

7. Sports Equipment Manager: Sports equipment managers oversee the upkeep, ordering and stocking of sports gear, clothing and other items that players need.

8. Sports Agent: Sports agents represent athletes to clubs and teams. On behalf of them, sports agents negotiate the contracts with the clubs or teams. They oversee all the athletes' business and financial affairs. They represent the athletes before other groups like advertisers who want the athletes to promote their goods etc.

What are some of the degrees you can pursue to get into this career in India?

1. Advanced Diploma: You can get an Advanced Diploma in Cricket Management, Football Management or generally in sports management.

2. Certificate in sports management

3. Executive Diploma in sports management

4. PG Diploma in Sports Management

5. MBA in Sports Management

6. MS in Sports Analytics and Management

Visual means of communication

SIGN LANGUAGE 

Sign language is a visual means of communication used primarily by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. It consists of hand gestures, facial expressions, and body movements to convey meaning. Each country or region typically has its own sign language, such as:

American Sign Language (ASL) – used in the U.S. and Canada

British Sign Language (BSL) – used in the UK

Indian Sign Language (ISL) – used in India

French Sign Language (LSF) – used in France

Sign languages are fully developed languages with their own grammar and structure, distinct from spoken languages. They allow deaf individuals to communicate effectively and express complex ideas just like spoken languages do.

Windows to the world

NEWSPAPERS 

Imagine waking up every morning, sipping on your favourite cup of milk, coffee or tea, and flipping through the crisp pages of a newspaper. You must have seen your parents or grandparents doing it too, right? For centuries, newspapers have been a staple in households, connecting people to the world. They’re not just about news; they are a blend of stories, opinions facts and entertainment. But what makes newspapers so significant, and why do they continue to hold their charm in the digital age?

The origin of newspapers: The concept of newspapers dates back to ancient Rome, where news was carved into stone or metal tablets and displayed in public places. Fast forward to the 17th century, the first printed newspapers began circulating in Europe. These publications played a crucial role in shaping societies by informing people about politics, trade and local happenings. The first English language newspaper, The Weekly News, was published in London in 1622. In India, Hicky’s Bengal Gazette, launched in 1780, became the country’s first newspaper. Over time, newspapers evolved into daily publications, becoming an integral part of people’s lives.

Why newspapers are more exciting than digital media: There’s a unique thrill in discovering stories within the folds of a newspaper. Unlike digital platforms that bombard you with endless notifications, newspapers let you explore at your own pace. Every page holds surprises, from captivating headlines to hidden gems in the classifieds section. The absence of distractions like pop-up ads or autoplay videos makes reading newspapers a peaceful and immersive experience. Plus, the rustling sound of turning pages and the distinct smell of fresh print add a sensory charm that no digital screen can replicate. With newspapers, the excitement lies in uncovering information organically, rather than having it curated by a machine.

Fun sections in newspapers: Newspapers aren’t just about serious news; they also offer entertainment and leisure. The comics section brings laughter with its humorous strips and witty jokes, while puzzles like crosswords and Sudoku provide an engaging way to boost problemsolving skills. Sports sections keep young readers like you updated on their favourite teams and players, while entertainment pages cover movie reviews and music trends. These sections make newspapers a delightful mix of information and fun.

Making newspapers part of your routine: Incorporating newspapers into your daily routine can be both enjoyable and enriching. You can start by exploring sections that interest you, such as sports or entertainment, and gradually expand to other topics. Discussing interesting articles with friends and family can spark engaging conversations and broaden your perspectives. If you find an inspiring story or an informative piece, cutting it out and saving it in a scrapbook can be a fun way to create a personal archive. Some newspapers also invite readers to share their opinions through letters, so write to the editor, and maybe even see them published.

So, grab a newspaper today and dive into a world of knowledge and fun! After all, every page has a story to tell.

FIRST FULLY ORGANIC STATE OF INDIA

LAND OF FLOWER, SIKKIM 

Sikkim is now the first fully organic state of India. With a population of around six lakhs, the state known as the Land of Flower, also known for its Organic initiative too. Prime Minister Narendra Modi made the official announcement during his maiden visit to the state of Sikkim.

Around 12 years ago, in 2003, the then Pawan Chamling led government took this decision through a declaration in the legislative assembly. And the journey began.

Sikkim became the first fully organic state in India in 2016. The state achieved this milestone by converting all its agricultural land to organic farming, following a decade-long effort that began in 2003. The government implemented strict policies to phase out chemical fertilizers and pesticides, promoting sustainable and eco-friendly farming practices instead.

100% Organic Farming: Sikkim banned the sale and use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, ensuring that all its agricultural produce is organic.

Sustainable Agriculture: The state adopted eco-friendly techniques, such as composting and crop rotation, to maintain soil fertility and environmental health.

Recognition: In 2018, Sikkim received the prestigious Future Policy Gold Award from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for its pioneering organic farming policies.

Economic and Tourism Boost: The organic movement has enhanced Sikkim's agribusiness, improved farmers’ incomes, and attracted eco-tourism.

Over the years around 75000 hectares of land has been converted into certified organic farms following the guidelines as prescribed by National Programme for Organic Production. 

Organic cultivation doesn't involve the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. It helps to maintain a harmonious balance among the various complex ecosystems. 

Also it has improved the quality of the soil which further improves the standards of the crops produced there. Within 1.24 million tonnes of organic production in the country around 80000 million is supplied by Sikkim alone.

Sikkim’s achievement serves as a model for other states and countries aiming for sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.

A Creative Career Path

CHOREOGRAPHY

Are you passionate about dance and love to move to the rhythm of music? Have you ever thought about becoming a choreographer? It’s a fun and fulfilling career option for kids who have a flair for creativity and enjoy working with dancers.

Choreographers are like the directors of dance. They create dance routines and movements that tell a story or convey emotions. Whether it’s for a stage performance, a music video or a movie, choreographers play a crucial role in bringing dance to life.

To become a choreographer, you don’t necessarily need formal education, but it’s helpful to have a strong background in dance. Many choreographers start by giving dance classes from a young age and continue to refine their skills over time. Some also pursue degrees in dance or performing arts to deepen their understanding of movement and choreography techniques.

A typical day for a choreographer involves a lot of creativity and collaboration. They might start by brainstorming ideas for a new dance piece, then work with dancers to teach them the choreography. They also spend time rehearsing and refining the routine until it’s perfect. In addition to working with dancers, choreographers often collaborate with music composers, costume designers and stage directors to bring their vision to life.

While choreography can be incredibly rewarding, it also comes with its challenges. One of the biggest challenges is finding work consistently, especially when starting out. Competition can be tough, and it may take time to build a reputation and establish yourself in the industry. Additionally, choreographers often face pressure to come up with fresh and innovative ideas, which can sometimes lead to creative blocks.

Despite the challenges, being a choreographer offers endless opportunities for creativity and self-expression. Whether you dream of choreographing Broadway shows, music videos for your favourite artists or dance routines for movies, pursuing a career in choreography can lead to a lifetime of exciting opportunities.

So, if you’re passionate about dance and love to express yourself through movement, consider exploring choreography as a career option. Who knows? You might just be the next big name in the world of dance!

A steadfast companion in humanity's journey of self-expression and discovery

PEN 

Few tools have wielded as much influence as the humble pen. From its ancient origins to its modern iterations, the pen has been an indispensable instrument of communication, creativity, and cultural expression. 

Let us explore its rich history, significance, and enduring relevance in an ever-changing world.

The story of the pen begins at the dawn of civilization, where early humans sought to record thoughts, transactions, and stories. 

In ancient Mesopotamia, around 3200 BCE, cuneiform writing emerged on clay tablets, inscribed with reed or bone styluses. These rudimentary tools laid the foundation for more sophisticated instruments, capturing day-today records and marking the beginning of written culture.

As civilizations flourished, the need for better writing tools grew. 

The ancient Egyptians refined writing with papyrus scrolls and reed pens, enabling smoother, more legible writing and pre-serving religious texts, legal documents, and creative works. Meanwhile, in China, brushes made of animal hair or plant fibres yielded elegant calligraphy, demonstrating how writing could transcend functionality into artistic expression.

The Renaissance, a period of cultural and intellectual revival, spurred advancements in writing instruments. 

The metal-nibbed pen, introduced in the 19th century, replaced quills and reeds, offering durability and precision. This innovation allowed writers to produce finer, consistent scripts and reduced wear on tools, reflecting the era’s demand for craftsmanship and reliability.

The 19th century also brought the fountain pen, a groundbreaking invention patented by Lewis Waterman in 1884. 

With its continuous ink supply through a reservoir system, the fountain pen eliminated the need for dipping and blotting. This made writing more convenient and accessible, paving the way for mass literacy and correspondence. 

Its elegance and efficiency cemented its place as a staple for decades.

The mid-20th century saw the advent of the ballpoint pen. In 1938, Hungarian journalist LászlóBíró patented the first commercially successful model. Its tiny rotating ball dispensed ink smoothly and consistently, offering a portable, mess-free alternative to fountain pens. 

Affordable and practical, it democratised writing for people worldwide and became a global phenomenon.

In today’s digital age, some predict the pen's obsolescence due to keyboards, touchscreens, and voice recognition. Yet, the pen endures as a cherished tool for personal expression and creativity. Stylus pens for tablets and smartphones demonstrate the pen's adaptability in a tech-driven world, ensuring its continued relevance. 

Beyond its practical uses, the pen symbolises literacy, education, and the power of ideas. From signing historic documents to penning heartfelt letters, writing with a pen connects us to our past, present, and future selves. Its tactile nature fosters intimacy and mindfulness, qualities often absent in digital tools.

In conclusion, the pen's history reflects human ingenuity and the enduring power of written communication. 

From ancient Mesopotamia to modern innovations, the pen has been a steadfast companion in humanity's journey of self-expression and discovery. As we embrace technology, let us remember the timeless significance of the pen as a tool for creativity, connection, and cultural continuity.

Cornerstone of India’s Republic Day celebrations

REPUBLIC DAY TABLEAUX

Tableau of Goa at Republic Day parade 2025

The tradition of showcasing tableaux during the Republic Day parade began in 1950, the same year India became a republic. These creative and colorful displays were introduced to represent the cultural, historical, and socio-economic diversity of the country. Over the years, the tableaux have become a significant part of the parade, narrating India’s rich heritage and modern achievements. Initially, the focus was primarily on cultural and historical themes, but with time, the scope has expanded to include technological advancements, environmental awareness and social progress. Each tableau serves as a visual story reflecting the essence of India.

Significance Of Cultural representation: Each tableau highlights the traditions, art, and culture of a specific state, union territory, or ministry, showcasing India’s diversity. 

National pride: The tableaux serve as a platform to celebrate India’s achievements and innovations in science, technology and governance. 

Unity in diversity: By representing different regions and themes, the tableaux symbolise India’s unity amidst its vast cultural and geographical diversity. 

Global display: As the parade is broadcast worldwide, the tableaux are an opportunity to project India’s heritage, accomplishments and aspirations on an international stage.

Selection process Call for proposals: The Ministry of Defence invites proposals from states, union territories, and central government ministries/departments. The proposals are based on themes related to India’s culture, heritage, development, or significant achievements. 

Theme alignment: The Ministry suggests broad themes each year, such as freedom fighters, environmental conservation, or government. For instance, the theme of 2025 is “Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas” (Golden India: Legacy and Progress). Participants align their concepts with these themes. 

Submission of designs: Participants submit detailed sketches, models, or digital presentations of their proposed tableau. These include explanations of the design, theme, and how the concept aligns with the overall theme of the Republic Day parade. 

Expert evaluation: A panel of experts—comprising eminent designers, architects and cultural experts, artists and officials from the Ministry of Defence reviews the submissions. 

The evaluation focuses on:

- Relevance to the theme. 

 - Aesthetic and creative appeal. 

 - Technical feasibility of the design. 

Shortlisting and modifications: A shortlist of designs is prepared and participants may be asked to make modifications to refine their concept or meet technical specifications.

Final approval:  Once the modifications are made, the final list of tableaux is approved. The selected participants are informed to begin the construction of their full-scale tableaux.

Construction and rehearsal: The approved tableaux are constructed and undergo rehearsals to ensure they meet the required standards and fit seamlessly into the parade. Each tableau is mounted on a motorised vehicle or platform, ensuring smooth movement during the parade. 

The tableaux are a cornerstone of India’s Republic Day celebrations, providing a vibrant, dynamic representation of the nation’s spirit and achievements.

CALMING THE CHAOTIC MIND

Meditation 

Ancient texts liken meditation to the process of taming a wild elephant, where the elephant is tied with a wrong rope for many days until, it finally settles down. Gradually training it and eventually getting rid of the rope, this trained wild elephant that represents the human mind can now be put to purpose. 

First developed in India thousands of years ago as a part of the Indian philosophy, meditation aims to achieve a mentally clear, emotionally calm and stable state, often viewed as the first step towards spiritual awakening and enlightenment. 

Since time immemorial, India has been known for its spirituality and is internationally known for its gift of meditation and yoga to the world. Hence, it is unsurprising to see tourists from across the world heading to the Indian subcontinent for an authentic meditative journey. There are different types of meditation techniques, below mentioned are some of them:

Chakra healing meditation: Chakra, a Sanskrit word that means a disk or a wheel, finds its presence in the meditative mise-en-scene since the ancient Hinduism meditative practices talk of the presence of hundreds of varying chakras or wheel like energy networks in the human body. However, there are seven core chakras that are situated along the spine from the sacrum at the bottom up to the crown at the top of the head, namely the root chakra (muladhar), the sacral chakra (svadhishthan), the solar plexus chakra (manipura), the heart chakra (anahat), the throat chakra (vishuddh), the third eye chakra (ajna) and lastly the crown chakra (sahasrar). It is believed that when any of these chakras are blocked, energy gets stuck and manifests as discomfort. Hence, the objective of this meditation is to activate the chakras and form a balance between them with regular training of the mind that involves control over one’s breath and encourages positive imagination. 

Vipassana meditation: Vipassana means 'insight' in Pali, the sacred language of Theravada Buddhism. It is one of the oldest Buddhist meditation practices and is believed to have come directly from a discourse attributed to the Lord Buddha himself. A gentle yet very thorough technique of training the mind, Vipassana includes a cluster of exercises like sati (mindfulness) and samatha (calm), developed through practices such as anapanasati (mindfulness of breathing) which are meant to make an individual more and more aware of their life experiences and directing careful attention towards certain painful, happy and other general aspects of their own existence to gain insight into the true nature of their reality. 

21 December is observed as World Meditation Day. 

KICK-START YOUR DAY

The power of morning routines 

In the hustle and bustle of life, the idea of a morning routine might seem like a distant dream. However, setting up a morning routine can be a game-changer, helping you tackle the day with confidence and purpose. Let’s explore why it matters and how you can create your own morning rituals inspired by successful individuals who swear by their morning routines. It turns out, establishing a solid morning routine can set the tone for a successful and fulfilling day. 

Morning routines are like the secret sauce to a productive and positive day. Your morning sets the tone for the entire day. A well-crafted morning routine helps you start each day on your terms, fostering a sense of control and positivity. It’s a chance to prioritise self-care, set goals, and cultivate habits that contribute to your overall well-being.

The Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, known for his wisdom and leadership, started his day with a series of personal reflections and gratitude. He spent quiet moments contemplating the day ahead, reminding himself of his purpose and focusing on what truly mattered. This simple routine helped him maintain a calm and resilient mindset, crucial for navigating the challenges of ruling an empire.

Elon Musk, the tech visionary behind Tesla and SpaceX, begins his day at the crack of dawn. His morning routine includes tackling critical emails and setting priorities for the day. Musk believes this early start helps him stay ahead of the curve and maintain focus on his ambitious goals.

Oprah Winfrey, media mogul and philanthropist, emphasizes the importance of mindfulness in her morning routine. Starting her day with gratitude, journalling and meditation, Oprah sets a positive tone that carries her through her busy schedule. This intentional start allows her to approach challenges with a clear and centered mind.

The Indian cricket captain, Virat Kohli, is known for his intense dedication to fitness. His mornings often begin with a rigorous workout routine, contributing to his physical and mental resilience on the cricket field.

Former PepsiCo CEO, Indra Nooyi, kickstarts her day at 4 a.m. with a morning walk. This time allows her to reflect and plan ahead, setting the stage for a day of strategic decision-making.

How to Develop Your Morning Routine:

Now that you’re convinced of the magic morning routines can bring, here’s how to create your own:

1. Early Rise: Start small. Try waking up 15-30 minutes earlier than usual. This gives you a head start and sets a positive tone for the day. Don’t overwhelm yourself. Begin with small, achievable steps. 

2. Personalise Your Routine: Your morning ritual should resonate with you. If you enjoy music, incorporate it into your routine. Tailor it to align with your interests and goals.

3. Reflect and Set Intentions: Take a moment to reflect on your goals and set intentions for the day. What do you want to achieve? This helps create a sense of purpose.

4. Physical Activity: Whether it’s a quick stretch, yoga or a brisk walk get your body moving. Physical activity boosts energy levels and enhances mood.

5. Mindful Moments: Incorporate mindfulness or meditation to calm your mind. Even just a few minutes of deep breathing can make a big difference.

6. Fuel Your Body: Eat a nutritious breakfast to fuel your body and brain. It’s like giving your engine the right kind of fuel to kick-start your day.

7. Consistency: Stick to your routine even on weekends to create a habit.

8. Celebrate Progress: Acknowledge and celebrate your accomplishments. This positive reinforcement fuels motivation and instils a sense of achievement.

Your morning routine is your secret weapon in the pursuit of success. It’s not about perfection but progress. By adopting positive habits, you set the stage for a day filled with purpose and accomplishment. Draw inspiration from global icons and our very own Indian leaders. Rise with determination, shine with gratitude, and conquer your goals – your success story starts every morning.

HONOURING INDIA'S FOUNDING DOCUMENT

Celebrating Constitution Day

Every year on November 26, India celebrates Constitution Day, a day that holds great significance for the nation. It marks the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1949, a document that laid the foundation for how India functions as a democratic republic. But what exactly is a constitution, and why is it so important?

What is the Constitution and What Does It Say?The Constitution is like a rule book for the country. It outlines the basic principles and laws that govern India. It explains how our government should operate, what rights citizens have, and what duties they must fulfill. It’s a guide to ensuring fairness, equality and justice for everyone. The Constitution is also a blueprint for how the government should protect citizens’ rights while maintaining order and promoting social welfare.

The Minds Behind the Constitution: India’s Constitution didn’t just appear overnight. It was drafted by a dedicated group of leaders led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, one of the most influential figures in Indian history. These leaders worked tirelessly for almost three years to create a Constitution that would guarantee justice, liberty, equality and fraternity for all Indians. Their efforts were driven by a vision of a free, fair and equal society where every citizen, regardless of their background, would have rights and opportunities.

Why is Constitution Day Important?: Constitution Day is more than just a day to remember the adoption of the Constitution—it’s an opportunity for all of us to reflect on the values that keep our democracy strong. Schools and colleges across the country celebrate this day with various activities like debates, quizzes and discussions about the Constitution. Special assemblies are often held, where students and teachers talk about the importance of the day, and how the Constitution shapes our lives as citizens.This day also serves as a reminder of the struggles and sacrifices made by freedom fighters and leaders who fought for India’s independence. It’s a day to appreciate our fundamental rights, like the right to vote, the right to free speech, and the right to equality, which were won after years of struggle.

Official Declaration of the Constitution Day: Although the Constitution was adopted in 1949, it wasn’t until 2015 that the Government of India officially declared November 26 as Constitution Day. The goal? To raise awareness about the Constitution and encourage every citizen to understand their rights and responsibilities. This day is a call to action for everyone to engage with the principles that make India a vibrant democracy.

Why Should Students Care About the Constitution? As young citizens, students play a crucial role in the future of India. Learning about the Constitution helps students understand their rights, like the freedom to express opinions or the right to education, and their responsibilities, such as following the law and respecting others. By understanding these, students can grow into responsible, active participants in society, helping to strengthen the country’s democracy. 

So this Constitution Day, let’s all take a moment to celebrate the document that unites us as a nation. Let’s remember the vision of our leaders, embrace our rights, and commit to fulfilling our responsibilities with pride. Together, we can uphold the values that make India a strong, fair, and democratic country!

THE EIGHT FACETS OF DIVINE PROSPERITY

Ashtalakhmi 

Ashtalakhmi refers to the eight revered forms of Goddess Lakshmi, each representing a unique aspect of prosperity, well-being and happiness. Together, they are worshipped to invoke a holistic sense of abundance, covering spiritual, material and intellectual prosperity. 

Adi Lakshmi: The primal form of Lakshmi represents eternal wealth, spiritual strength and the origin of all prosperity. 

Dhanya Lakshmi: She provides food, grains and nourishment, ensuring that devotees have enough to sustain their lives and the lives of others. 

Dhairya / Veer Lakshmi: The embodiment of courage, valour and strength, she grants fearlessness and resilience in overcoming challenges. 

Gaja Lakshmi: Symbolising royal power, abundance and fertility, she is often depicted with elephants. 

Santana Lakshmi: The bestower of progeny and protection of children is worshipped by those seeking blessings for family continuity and the welfare of their offspring. 

Vijaya Lakshmi: The Goddess of success and victory helps her devotees achieve triumph in their endeavours, be it in battles, competitions or day-to-day struggles. 

Vidya Lakshmi: She encourages intellectual growth, learning and education, crucial for personal and societal advancement.

Dhana Lakshmi: The Goddess of material wealth and prosperity is believed to bring abundance in terms of money and other valuable resources necessary for leading a comfortable life. 

WEAVING LEGACY, EMPOWERING ARTISANS

Indian Handloom 

India’s handloom sector is a living testament to the nation’s rich cultural heritage. Rooted in tradition, the art of handloom weaving has been passed down through generations, embodying the diverse cultural ethos of various regions. From the intricate Banarasi silks of Varanasi to the vibrant Phulkari from Punjab, Indian handlooms represent a confluence of history, artistry, and sustainability. This heritage not only showcases India’s craftsmanship but also provides livelihoods to over 35 lakh artisans.

10th National Handloom Day: A Tribute to Weavers

The 7th of August holds a special place in India’s history, marking the beginning of the Swadeshi Movement in 1905. This movement, which encouraged the use of indigenous products, played a crucial role in promoting the handloom industry. In recognition of this legacy, the Government of India, in 2015, declared August 7th as National Handloom Day. This day is dedicated to honouring the handloom weaving community and highlighting their contribution to the socioeconomic fabric of the nation. National Handloom Day, resolves to protect and promote our handloom heritage and to make it stronger than ever.

Initiatives Empowering Weavers

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is making every effort to promote handloom and support the weavers who uphold this rich tradition. Under his 5F Vision—Farm to Fibre to Fabric to Fashion to Foreign—the handloom sector is undergoing a remarkable transformation. Initiatives such as the Design Resource Centres are providing weavers, manufacturers, and designers with access to extensive design repositories, fostering innovation and driving excellence in the craft. Moreover, handloom villages located in popular tourist destinations like Kanihama in Jammu & Kashmir and Sharan in Himachal Pradesh are creating new opportunities for tourism and handloom sales, allowing visitors to take home a piece of India’s vibrant weaving tradition.

ON COMPLETING 112 YEARS

 Our National Anthem 

The sense of solidarity it embodies cuts through all geographical boundaries across the globe and across all ages and socio-economic peripheries - the national anthem of India exudes an intrinsic essence of unity through diversity binding all Indians the world over. As the year celebrates the hundred-year anniversary of the Indian National Anthem, this is a tribute to the historical proceedings that went into making it an important aspect of the largest democracy of the world.

The journey of the song unfolds an interesting history. Written by Nobel Laureate, poet, litterateur and artist Rabindranath Tagore the song is a Brahmo hymn composed in highly sankritised Bengali. It was first sung at the session of the Indian National Congress on December 27, 1911 and eventually adopted as the Indian National Anthem by the Indian Constitution when it came into force in 1950. Originally of five stanzas, the formal rendition however, was finally decided to be ideally of 52 seconds by the constitution of India, and so includes only the first stanza. Praising the God Almighty, the song also beautifully represents message of ‘unity in diversity’- a concept that portrays the very essence of the socio-cultural ethos of the nation of India. Sung proudly by Indians all across the globe, the song has also been translated into various local dialects for better understanding over the ages and is available in libraries across the nation. A handwritten translation in English named The Morning Song of India is available for free over the Internet. The version is not only popular for its lyrical splendour, but reminds one of the original ethoses of the beauty of manuscripts and the cursive appeal or the pen.

Down the course of history, the song has stood against several tests of time, including the much debatable question regarding the essence of the song, which many claimed was originally written in salutation to King George V on the occasion of the Delhi Durbar on December 15, 1911. However, another song in Hindi was sung at the same occasion titled- Badshah Humara written by Rambhuj Chaudhary. Many historians debate that the British Indian press misrepresented the song which was sung at the December conference of the Indian National Congress, when both songs were sung at the same event and the matter came into limelight only when it was finally adopted as the National Anthem of the nation in 1950. 

An article titled Coronation Durbar, dated December 15, 1911 which appeared in the Indian English daily ‘The Statesman’, specifically mentions the event that took place a century back in Delhi. Referring to the visit of the king to the Royal Pavilion on the Polo grounds for conferring of medals to men in uniform, the event was preceded by the song, which is mentioned as- “On the arrival of the King-Emperor inside the entrance of the parade ground, the military guard-of-honour presented arms and the band played the National Anthem.” 

In support of his arguments against this debate, Rabindranath Tagore wrote a few letters, which were later published (the original letter in Bengali is present in Tagore’s biography Ravindrajivani, volume II page 339 by Prabhatkumar Mukherjee). On November 10, 1937, Tagore in a letter to Pulin Bihari Sen mentioned about the controversy, “A certain high official in His Majesty’s service, who was also my friend, had requested that I write a song of felicitation towards the Emperor. The request simply amazed me. It caused a great stir in my heart. In response to that great mental turmoil, I pronounced the victory in Jana Gana Mana of that Bhagya Vidhata [God of Destiny] of India who has from age after age held steadfast the reins of India’s chariot through rise and fall, through the straight path and the curved. That Lord of Destiny, that Reader of the Collective Mind of India, that Perennial Guide, could never be George V, George VI, or any other George. Even my official friend understood this about the song. After all, even if his admiration for the crown was excessive, he was not lacking in simple common sense.” In another letter dated March 19, 1939, Tagore also mentioned, “I should only insult myself if I cared to answer those who consider me capable of such unbounded stupidity as to sing in praise of George the Fourth or George the Fifth as the Eternal Charioteer leading the pilgrims on their journey through countless ages of the timeless history of mankind.” (quote from Bengali book by Rabindranath Tagore Purvasa, Phalgun, 1354, p738- the book was published in the Bengali year 1354 also known as bangabda). Recognised as a patriot himself, who renounced knighthood in protest against the Jallianwallah Bagh massacre and whose poem and song Ekla chalo re inspired Gandhiji in his work and determination, the statements of Tagore in support of his creation has a special place of mention. The debate however continues amidst historians with divided opinions regarding the actual reason for the creation of the song. 

Several years later, the song was once again brought under critical limelight in 2005 with reference to a demand for a change in its verse which was mentioned in a petition at the Supreme Court. The petition demanded an inclusion of the word Kashmir in the song and an exclusion of the word Sindh as the latter is placed geographically in the present country of Pakistan after the independence of India. However, the song maintained its sanctity, as the Supreme Court ruled against the petition mentioning the National Anthem as expressing patriotic sentiments or feelings and not defining the geographical territory of a nation. Today, yet again is a demand for inclusion of other states from the North-East and the controversies continue…

A hundred years later, in the land of the birthplace of the song, the occasion was marked by a special event at the same location where it was sung a hundred years ago- the Town Hall in Kolkata. Through an initiative of the state government and in the presence of the Governor of West Bengal, Mr MK Naryanan and chief minister Ms Mamata Banerjee, the song was sung at the Kolkata Town Hall, accompanied by a programme on special cinematography, stage performance and narration, orchestrated by filmmaker and actor Rituparno Ghosh. 

Thus, travelling far and wide through the passage of time, the National Anthem of India witnesses history being made at several occasions as men and women of all ages across the globe stand, often moist-eyed and with heavy hearts, singing the song and gazing upon the fluttering of the tricolour flag- whose hoisting emboldens the national sentiment of the song and the sacrosanct feeling associated with it. The song binds one and all, irrespective of geographical, socio-cultural, political and religious diversities.

SCULPTORS OF OUR LIFE

Our teachers 

Some people, noticing a marble block, remarked, “A block of stone”. But when Michelangelo, history’s greatest sculptor, saw it, he exclaimed, “I see an angel!” He set to work with his chisel and hammer to carve out the angel in it. That is precisely what every teacher is called to be: a sculptor or an artist who can visualise the great work of art lying hidden in every student and help bring out the masterpiece. 

Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam credited his Science teacher, Shri Siva Subramaniam Iyer who recognised Kalam’s intelligence and encouraged him. The well known billionaire, Bill Gates, ranks among the most famous dropouts of Harvard’s who founded the Microsoft Corporation. He always acknowledged his Maths and Drama teachers who so encouraged and motivated him in school that he went on to become the sixth richest person in the world and pledged to give away 95% of his wealth to charity. These are but a few examples of teachers who, backed by a keen vision, helped their students become valuable gems of society.

Teachers who are visionaries see their profession as a mission. In fact, teaching is both a call and sometimes a choice in life. Teachers educate their students not only for earning a livelihood or for gaining wealth and comfort but largely to help them live a meaningful life, i.e., to be persons of value and vision. Teachers stimulate their pupils to be creative and innovative in life. Albert Einstein once said, “It’s the supreme art of a teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge.” Teachers use their expertise and skills to the maximum for the benefit of their students.

Our country is blessed with many great visionary teachers who have made innumerable sacrifices for the sake of their students. All the effort and hard work teachers invest in bringing out the best in their students are rarely acknowledged or appreciated. They can be paid back in words or random acts of gratitude. Their greatest reward is the joy and pride of seeing their students become persons of character and nobility. 

Every year we observe Teachers’ Day on 5th September. On this auspicious day, may their immense sacrifices and selfless devotion to ‘teaching’ per se ensure the blossoming of the potential in each child for the betterment of society and country!

ROAD TRANSPORT IN INDIA

Freeway, Highway and Expressway 

Highways and Expressways are common terms we use most of the time and also travel across them. They have made road transportation much faster and efficient in India. India's road network is the second largest road network in the world that connects all the major and minor cities, towns and villages. Indian road network consists of Expressways, National Highways, State Highways and other major district and rural roads. 

What is a National Highway?

National Highways are the backbone of the road infrastructure that connects every major cities of India whether ports, capital of states etc. They consist of two, four or more lanes built by charcoal (coal tar) and few by cement concrete. That is, in India, National Highways are at grade roads.

This network is owned by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. It is constructed and managed by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI), the National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd. (NHIDCL) and Public Works Department (PWD) of state governments. NH was established by the National Highway Authority of India Act, 1988.

What is Expressway?

Expressways are the highest class roads in India. These are the highways with six to eight lane controlled access road network. Basically, expressways are of high quality consisting of modern features like access ramps, grade separation, lane dividers and elevated section. The expressway is equipped with several smart and intelligent features including a Highway Traffic Management System (HTMS) and Video Incident Detection System (VIDS). For future highways these systems will set a benchmark and are also environment friendly. 

Difference between Expressways and Highways 

The major difference between a highway and expressway is the access control. 

- In expressways, there are no multiple roads, controlled access is there where vehicle can enter through a limited place and no further or other road merges or crosses the expressway anywhere. Due to this the possibility of accidents are also less. In short, they are high speed roads with several facilitates and little access. 

- Highway is a generic form given to roadways which connect the important cities, towns etc., consist of multiple roads and usually have four lanes to provide high speed traffic. 

Freeway is basically designed for high speed vehicular traffic. For example, Eastern Freeway and Western Freeway reduce traffic congestion in the Mumbai Island city. 

COURSES AND CAREER IN BUSINESS AND TRADE

Commerce

 

India has come a long way since its independence. The economy has increased tremendously. There is no doubt that the number of commerce courses have increased as well. Lakhs of students apply for commerce courses in the every year. The new GST plans put up by the government have not only been giving more importance to commercial studies but it has also given rise to different new programmes. Commerce courses have always been coveted by people who just want to make a lot of money. However, after some years, a few quit the career because they could not find any job satisfaction. This is because a number of them joined the career for the wrong reasons. Yes, most of the commerce courses are money-making courses but if your personality suits a career with much more exposure or a career that is outgoing and much more than a career that requires you to work 9-5 in an office sitting in front of a computer, you will never get satisfaction, and may quit the career looking for a new one. Hence, when you choose any career in commerce, remember to choose it only if you are genuinely interested in it. 

Chattered Accountancy: CA is one of the most profitable courses among the commerce courses. Many of the students who choose commerce first choose it because CA is their end goal. However, many join it because they do not know other alternates. Here are the few alternate careers to CA:

Actuarial Science: Actuarial Science is a discipline that assesses financial risks in the insurance and finance fields, using mathematical and statistical methods. Actuarial science applies the mathematics of probability and statistics to define, analyse, and solve the financial implications of uncertain future events. In order to pursue it you will have to take Commerce with Maths, after which you have multiple

options. They are B.Sc. in Actuarial Science, Bachelors in Accounting and Finance (BAF), after which you could pursue an MBA or Masters in Actuarial Finances.

Banking: Everyone knows what banking is. Working in a bank in various capacities has been a prestigious career for many years. In order to have a career in banking you have to take commerce and a bachelor’s degree in either B.Com. or BAF post which you could either take your Bank PO exam or SBI/RBI exam or simply pursue an MBA in Finance.

Business Administration: If you want to be part of building and growing an organization or business, Business Administration is for you. You could be part of marketing or sales for the business, or the day to day operation in the organization or even hire and sustain employees. You could pursue it by doing a Bachelors in Business Administration after which you can pursue Masters in it and specialize in any field you might be interested in.

Company Secretary: A company secretary is responsible for the smooth functioning of administration of the organization. They have their responsibilities in the financial and legal functions of the organization. In order to be a company secretary you will have to finish your 12th in commerce followed by a course in company secretary from the Institute of Company Secretaries of India.

Economics: Economics is the social science that studies how people interact with value; in particular production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. As a career you could either teach economics or conduct research on a topic. To become an economist, you will have to take up economics in either Arts or Commerce in 11th and 12th, followed by a Bachelor’s in Arts/in Economics, then a Masters in the same and then a Ph.D. in Economics.

Finance Management: Financial Management refers to the strategic planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of financial undertakings in an organisation or an institute. It also includes applying management principles to the financial assets of an organisation. You could also apply these principals to manage the personal finances of individuals who are looking for insurance options and investment management. Once you are done with commerce in 11th and 12th you have three options; Bachelor’s in Commerce (B. Com), Bachelor’s in Accounting and Finances (B.A.F) or Bachelor’s in Financial Management (B.F.M), followed by any of those courses you can pursue an MBA in Finances.

Forensic Accounting: As a forensic accountant, you will be working in the Indian Revenue Services (IRS). You will be tasked with protecting people from tax and other financial frauds. You will also be tasked at making sure people obey the laws of the country and manage their finances in accordance with these laws. In order to have career in the IRS, you have to take up Commerce in 11th and 12th followed by a Bachelor’s in any of the commerce courses (B.Com., BAF, BFM, BBA). Once you are 21 years of age you can give your IRS exams.

Human Resource Management (Payroll): As a Human Resource Manager you will be in charge of hiring employees and sustaining them in the organization. In the Payroll department, you will be in charge of managing the employees’ salaries including other finance-related issues of the employee which include their provident fund and employee taxes. In order to have career as an HR you need to purse commerce in 11th and 12th followed by either B. Com. or BBA and then an MBA specialising in Human Resources.

Yes, Commerce is all about the money; however, patience is another very important aspect. Choose Commerce only if you are a person who is comfortable with working indoors for long hours and if you’re good at Maths.