A Sky-High Marvel That Connects Hearts and Valleys

CHENAB RAILWAY BRIDGE

“Some bridges don’t just connect land. They connect dreams, determination, and destiny.”

One such awe-inspiring structure now stands proudly over the mighty Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir — the Chenab Railway Bridge. It’s not just any bridge; it’s the world’s highest railway arch bridge, inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and it’s capturing the imagination of people across India and beyond.

What Makes This Bridge So Special?

🏆 World Record Holder

Soaring 359 meters above the riverbed (that’s 35 meters higher than the Eiffel Tower!), this steel arch bridge is now the highest railway bridge in the world. It connects the villages of Bakkal and Kauri in Reasi district and forms a vital link in the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL) project.

🚂 Part of a Bigger Vision – The USBRL Project

The USBRL is a game-changing railway project designed to connect the Kashmir Valley to the rest of India by rail — a long-awaited dream now becoming a reality. The project includes:

272 km of track

36 tunnels (totaling 119 km)

943 bridges

And at the heart of it all is the Chenab Bridge, the crown jewel.

🔧A Marvel of Modern Engineering

Building this bridge wasn’t easy. Engineers battled rugged Himalayan terrain, freezing winters, and steep cliffs. Yet, they accomplished what once seemed impossible.

Here are some mind-blowing facts:

Length: 1,315 meters (4,314 feet)

Steel used: 28,660 metric tonnes

Concrete used: 66,000 cubic meters

Bolts and cables: Stretched over 84 km

Design: A two-ribbed steel arch with prefabricated trusses

Safety: Blast-proof (thanks to DRDO), earthquake-resistant (up to magnitude 8), and can withstand winds up to 266 km/h

And yes — it’s built to last 120 years!

🛠️ Construction Challenges? 

From transporting materials to working at dangerous heights, the project demanded precision, patience, and persistence. Cranes had to operate on narrow slopes, and workers faced constant risks in extreme weather. Despite all that, the arch was successfully joined in April 2021, the deck was completed in 2022, and the first train trial ran in March 2024.

💼 More Than a Bridge – A Gateway to Growth

The Chenab Bridge isn’t just about trains; it’s about transformation.

Here's how:

Strategic Importance: Ends a 70-year wait for direct train service to Kashmir

Economic Growth: Boosts trade and connectivity

Tourism: PM Modi said it could become as popular as the Eiffel Tower!

Jobs: Increases employment opportunities in Jammu and Kashmir

To celebrate this engineering wonder, a museum, amphitheater, and viewpoint park have also been built near the bridge site.

🎓 Why Students Should Know About It

This bridge is a living textbook — a real-world example of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) in action. It shows that with the right vision and teamwork, no mountain is too high.

Whether you're a budding engineer, a geography enthusiast, or just curious about the world, the Chenab Bridge is a story of innovation, inspiration, and Indian ingenuity.

🏁 In Conclusion

The Chenab Railway Bridge stands as a symbol of India’s engineering courage and a promise of progress. It proves that when we dream big and build boldly, we create structures that not only stand tall — but also make the nation proud 🛤️✨

Career in Aviation

INDIA'S SOARING SKIES: HOW AIR INDIA AND THE AVIATION SECTOR ARE TAKING OFF 

In recent years, India’s aviation sector has witnessed a transformation that is nothing short of remarkable. A significant catalyst for this change was the government's decision in 2019 to sell its debt-ridden national carrier, Air India, to the Tata Group. With a legacy of excellence in business, the Tata Group has now taken on the ambitious mission to revive Air India and position it as a world-class airline.

Air India's Big Plans for the Future: Currently operating with 113 aircraft, Air India has placed one of the world’s largest aircraft orders to expand its fleet. The goal? To connect India with more global destinations through direct flights and make India a major hub for international air travel. This expansion will not only make air travel more accessible within the country but also help passengers save time with quicker routes to distant locations.

Why Airbus and Boeing?

Air India chose to buy aircraft from Airbus and Boeing — the world’s two biggest airplane manufacturers. Airbus is based in Europe, while Boeing is from the United States. Together, they produce about 90% of the world's passenger aircraft. Since there are no other companies that make large commercial planes at scale, these two remain the only practical choices. By partnering with them, Air India ensures it receives reliable, fuel-efficient, and technologically advanced planes.

Can India Build Its Own Planes?

India currently does not have a company that builds large commercial aircraft. However, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), a government-owned aerospace giant, is taking early steps. HAL has mostly built fighter jets and helicopters for the Indian Air Force, but now it’s shifting attention to civil aviation. Its small 19-seater aircraft, the Hindustan 228, has already been approved. Along with the National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), HAL is working on the Indian Regional Jet (IRJ), a 70-100 seater aircraft meant for short-haul travel.

Private Indian companies are also contributing by manufacturing airplane parts like wings, seats, and components. That’s why Boeing and Airbus say their aircraft are partly ‘Made in India.’ With enough investment and research, India could one day build large passenger aircraft too.

The Growth of India's Aviation Sector: India’s skies are busier than ever. In 2013, the country had about 400 airplanes. By 2022, that number had jumped to 700 — and the count is rising rapidly. India plans to add 100 to 110 new planes every year.

The government is also focusing on improving airport infrastructure. Under the UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) scheme, India plans to build 100 new airports by 2024. The scheme aims to make flying affordable and accessible to the common citizen, connecting small towns with major cities. By 2025, India is expected to become the third-largest aviation market in the world, behind only the US and China.

New Jobs and Career Opportunities: With the expansion of Air India and other airlines like IndiGo, the aviation sector is going to need a large workforce. Air India alone will need at least 6,500 new pilots, along with thousands of cabin crew members, ground staff, and maintenance engineers. Air India’s CEO has even invited Indian pilots working abroad to return home and join the airline.

Other airlines are also expanding. IndiGo, India’s largest airline, ordered 300 aircraft in 2019 and will require even more skilled professionals. This opens up a wide range of job opportunities in areas such as:

Piloting and cabin crew

Aircraft engineering and maintenance

Airport management

Air traffic control

Aerospace research and manufacturing

How Can You Prepare for a Career in Aviation?

If you dream of flying planes, meeting new people, or designing next-generation aircraft, this is a great time to enter the aviation industry. Here’s how you can start:

Aerospace Engineering: Courses are available at top institutions like IIT Bombay, IIT Kanpur, IIT Madras, and NITs. You can specialise in designing, building, and testing aircraft and spacecraft.

Pilot Training: Prestigious institutes like Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi (IGRUA), National Flying Training Institute (NFTI), and Indira Gandhi Institute of Aeronautics offer world-class pilot training programs.

Cabin Crew & Ground Services: Schools like the Indian Aviation Academy (Delhi) and Centre for Civil Aviation Training provide professional training in hospitality, safety, and customer service.

Aircraft Maintenance Engineering (AME): AME colleges across India train students to inspect, repair, and maintain aircraft to meet global safety standards.

India's aviation sector is reaching new heights — and it's only the beginning. With new aircraft, new airports, and a growing demand for air travel, the industry is set to become a powerhouse. Whether you want to fly high as a pilot, innovate as an engineer, or serve with a smile as cabin crew, the sky is truly the limit.

If you're passionate about technology, travel, or teamwork, the aviation world awaits you.

How to Reclaim Unclaimed Money from Banks in India

FORGOTTEN WEALTH 

Imagine someone forgetting about a piggy bank full of money and leaving it untouched for years. Surprisingly, something similar is happening in India today. A massive amount of money is lying idle in banks as unclaimed deposits. Recently, the Finance Minister shared that government banks have moved ₹45,000 crore of unclaimed money to a special fund managed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

What Are Unclaimed Deposits?

People deposit money in banks to keep it safe and earn some extra income through interest. However, there are times when people move to a new city or country and forget about their old accounts. In other cases, a person may pass away and their family might not even know the account exists. If an account remains untouched for 10 years, the money in it is marked as unclaimed.

What Happens to Unclaimed Deposits?

According to RBI rules, if a bank account is inactive for more than 10 years, the bank must transfer the money to the Depositor Education and Awareness Fund (DEAF), managed by the RBI. This ensures the money is protected and cannot be used by banks for other purposes.

But don’t worry — if someone remembers an old account, they can still reclaim their money. All they need to do is visit the concerned bank with proper identification. The bank will then request the RBI to release the funds from DEAF, and the money will be returned to the rightful owner.

How does DEAF help?

Besides keeping unclaimed money safe, DEAF also funds educational efforts. The RBI uses a portion of this money to organise workshops, events, and share useful financial information. These initiatives help people make smarter decisions about saving and banking.

How to Check for Unclaimed Money

To make things easier, the RBI has launched an online portal called UDGAM (Unclaimed Deposits – Gateway to Access Information). People can sign up and search for unclaimed deposits by entering details like name, bank name, and date of birth. This portal helps users identify forgotten accounts and start the process of reclaiming their money.

Why this matters

This initiative is important because a huge amount of money is simply lying unused in old bank accounts. By checking and claiming this money, people can put it to better use — whether it’s for education, medical needs, or daily expenses. The government and banks are actively working to make the process simple and accessible for everyone.

About the RBI

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the country’s central bank. It ensures the smooth functioning of all other banks, prints currency, controls inflation, and safeguards the nation’s financial system. It also sets rules to ensure fair treatment of customers by banks.

In summary, if you or your family ever had a bank account that you’ve forgotten about, now is a good time to check. Your forgotten money is waiting to be claimed — safely kept by the RBI until you come for it.

Salute to the Indian Armed Forces

OPERATION SINDOOR 

Why did India launch Operation Sindoor and where did India strike during operation Sindoor? 

Operation Sindoor was India’s response to the deadly April 22 attack on tourists in Pahalgam, Kashmir, during which 26 innocent civilians were killed. Tensions between India and Pakistan grew after this deadly attack on tourists in Kashmir. The attack led to a serious breakdown in relations between the two countries. After the attack, India took several steps meant to punish terror camps based in Pakistan and to send a message to the Pakistan administration that India will not tolerate Pakistan sponsored terrorism. India cut off all trade with Pakistan, closed its borders, and expelled diplomats. India even cancelled the longstanding Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan.

After the strikes, later on May 7 morning, the Indian foreign secretary Vikram Misri along with two women officers briefed the country on the details of Operation Sindoor. The two women officers were Colonel Sofiya Qureshi from the Indian Army and Wing Commander Vyomika Singh, a helicopter pilot. Colonel Sofiya Qureshi said, “The Armed forces conducted Operation Sindoor on the night between May 6 and 7 at 1.05 a.m. and 1.30 a.m. Nine terror camps were targeted and completely destroyed them. Terror infrastructures such as centres for recruitment, indoctrination and launch pads are present in Pakistan and PoK”.

Where did India strike during Operation Sindoor?

Under Operation Sindoor, the Indian Armed forces targeted the following nine places: 

2 separate places in Muzaffarabad (PoK), 2 separate places in Kotli (PoK), 1 place in Bhimber (PoK), 2 separate places in Sialkot (Pakistan), 1 place in Bahawalpur (Pakistan) and 1 place in Muridke (Pakistan). 

India successfully destroyed these terror camps linked to banned terror groups Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hizbul Mujahideen. These groups have carried out many attacks in India. More than 100 terrorists, including five key terrorists responsible for terror attacks in India, were killed during India’s strikes on the terror camps in Pakistan. These locations were identified as key training and operational hubs in Pakistan for terror attacks against India. Further, 11 air bases in Pakistan were also destroyed. Operation Sindoor was executed through the coordinated efforts of the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force, conducted from Indian territory.

What happened after Operation Sindoor?

After the launch of Operation Sindoor by India on May 7, Pakistan flew drones and aircrafts into the Indian airspace all across borders, and launched artillery shelling across the Line of Control. India responded to these attacks by Pakistan by use of appropriate force and successfully neutralised the attacks by Pakistan. The Indian Army inflicted heavy damage on Pakistan.

Ceasefire: The fighting has stopped 

India and Pakistan agreed to halt all military actions on land, air, and sea, with effect from the evening of May 10.

Why did India target terror camps and Pakistan based terror organisations?

There have been several terrorist attacks in India since 2001 where there has been a direct involvement of Pakistan. Despite India giving evidence, Pakistan has refused to take action against terrorist organisations and continues to extend support to them. The examples of major terrorist attacks include: 2001 Parliament attack, 2008 Mumbai attacks, 2011 attacks in Delhi and Mumbai, 2013 Hyderabad, 2015 Gurdaspur, 2016 Uri, 2017 Amarnath Yathra, and 2019 Pulwama. After the recent Pahalgam attack, India decided to give a befitting reply to the terror attacks on India by terror organisations based in Pakistan.

Civil drills 

On May 7, India carried out mock drills across 244 districts in the country. These drills, codenamed ‘Operation Abhyas’, were held to ensure that the civilians are prepared and aware about safety protocols. During the drills air raid warning sirens were played in some areas and training was conducted for civilians and students on how to protect themselves during a hostile attack. These mock drills are like fire safety and earthquake drills. The main reason for conducting the drills was to ensure that everyone stays calm and is prepared.

Armed forces 

The armed forces refer to the military organisations of a country that are responsible for defending the nation and its interests, especially during times of war or conflict. This typically includes:

Army – handles land-based military operations

Navy – manages operations at sea

Air Force – conducts military activities in the air

In short, the armed forces are the people and units trained to protect the country, both from external threats and during emergencies.

JAI HIND🇮🇳

BHARAT MATA KI JAI🚩

UNESCO honours India’s ancient texts

UNESCO’s MEMORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER 

UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register is a global initiative that was launched in 1992 with the aim of “guarding against the collective amnesia, calling upon the preservation of the valuable archive holdings and library collections all over the world, and ensuring their wide dissemination”.

Two very important ancient Indian books—the Bhagavad Gita and Bharata’s Natyashastra—have been added to a special list by the The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (“UNESCO”) called the Memory of the World Register. This list keeps and protects important documents that have helped shape history and culture all around the world. Prime Minister Narendra Modi said this is a proud moment for every Indian because it shows the world how important and valuable India’s culture and wisdom are. These books have inspired people for centuries and now the whole world recognises their importance. With the latest additions, the Memory of the Register now contains 570 entries.

What Are These Ancient Texts?

Bhagavad Gita: It’s a famous conversation between Lord Krishna and the warrior Arjuna. It talks about life, duty, and how to live wisely. Many people see it as a guide for spiritual and moral lessons.

Natyashastra: Written by an ancient sage named Bharat Muni, this book is like the “rulebook” for Indian performing arts like dance, music, and theatre. It has been the foundation for these arts for thousands of years!

India now has 13 entries on this Register.

Career

SPORTS MANAGEMENT 

When we envision a career in sports, our minds only mostly go to being a player in the sport itself, an umpire/ referee, a coach or a commentator. But did you know there are avenues for working in sports that are not directly related with the activities of the sport in itself?

Sports Management: Sports management is the field that manages the business and administrative managers of sports- including managing day to day affairs of sports teams, clubs, athletes, venues and events. Every sport that we watch today requires a keen attention to detail in order to carry out the event perfectly and also to manage the revenues efficiently. Fans root for their teams to win everytime, but aspects like reaching the fan base, getting fans to show up to cheer the team, ensuring smooth functioning of a sport event and supporting athletes on D-day is equally vital: and these are some of the functions carried out by sports managers. So this work and skill set is required at any level or area where sports is played: from regional tournaments to international ones.

A student studying sports management will learn about the management, finance, marketing and laws related to the sports industry in general or any one sport in particular. It enables students to develop the most important skill sets required in the industry, including but not limited to: critical thinking, problem-solving, communication and attention to details. These are the skills that will help you either handle the PR for your sports team, negotiate a sponsorship contract for a player or team or decide which marketing avenues to pursue. Besides these, sports managers also need to be as hardworking and competitive, and function as well in a team as the players they represent. So in turn, pursuing a sports management career presents to people an opportunity to be involved in the sport they are most passionate about without requiring one to be an athlete in the sport.

What are some of the roles in a sports management career?

1. Sports Marketing and Sponsorship Manager : They are in charge of marketing the team’s sports events, leagues, tournaments etc. to potential sponsors and get sponsorships.

2. Sports Event Manager : A sports event manager develops, oversees and coordinates sporting events to promote brands, teams or team members.

3. Sports Analyst: Sports teams and clubs use sports analysts to evaluate the performance of specific players, teams, clubs, rival teams, etc. to assist coaches and support personnel in enhancing sports performance. To analyse different aspects of a match, sporting performances of teams, clubs, individual athletes etc., various print and audiovisual media (TV channels) as well as internet media hire sports analysts.

4. Sports Communication Manager: Sports teams, individual athletes and especially sports celebrities have media and communication needs that must be handled by a sports communication / advertising manager.

5. Sports Consultant: Sports consultants are specialists who work with professional athletes, sports groups and teams. They provide consulting services that range from helping teams and team members establish and get endorsement agreements and contracts to helping corporations sponsor significant sporting events. 

6. Sports Operations Manager: Sports league, competition and tournament operations are planned and carried out by sports Operations Managers. 

7. Sports Equipment Manager: Sports equipment managers oversee the upkeep, ordering and stocking of sports gear, clothing and other items that players need.

8. Sports Agent: Sports agents represent athletes to clubs and teams. On behalf of them, sports agents negotiate the contracts with the clubs or teams. They oversee all the athletes' business and financial affairs. They represent the athletes before other groups like advertisers who want the athletes to promote their goods etc.

What are some of the degrees you can pursue to get into this career in India?

1. Advanced Diploma: You can get an Advanced Diploma in Cricket Management, Football Management or generally in sports management.

2. Certificate in sports management

3. Executive Diploma in sports management

4. PG Diploma in Sports Management

5. MBA in Sports Management

6. MS in Sports Analytics and Management

Visual means of communication

SIGN LANGUAGE 

Sign language is a visual means of communication used primarily by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. It consists of hand gestures, facial expressions, and body movements to convey meaning. Each country or region typically has its own sign language, such as:

American Sign Language (ASL) – used in the U.S. and Canada

British Sign Language (BSL) – used in the UK

Indian Sign Language (ISL) – used in India

French Sign Language (LSF) – used in France

Sign languages are fully developed languages with their own grammar and structure, distinct from spoken languages. They allow deaf individuals to communicate effectively and express complex ideas just like spoken languages do.

Windows to the world

NEWSPAPERS 

Imagine waking up every morning, sipping on your favourite cup of milk, coffee or tea, and flipping through the crisp pages of a newspaper. You must have seen your parents or grandparents doing it too, right? For centuries, newspapers have been a staple in households, connecting people to the world. They’re not just about news; they are a blend of stories, opinions facts and entertainment. But what makes newspapers so significant, and why do they continue to hold their charm in the digital age?

The origin of newspapers: The concept of newspapers dates back to ancient Rome, where news was carved into stone or metal tablets and displayed in public places. Fast forward to the 17th century, the first printed newspapers began circulating in Europe. These publications played a crucial role in shaping societies by informing people about politics, trade and local happenings. The first English language newspaper, The Weekly News, was published in London in 1622. In India, Hicky’s Bengal Gazette, launched in 1780, became the country’s first newspaper. Over time, newspapers evolved into daily publications, becoming an integral part of people’s lives.

Why newspapers are more exciting than digital media: There’s a unique thrill in discovering stories within the folds of a newspaper. Unlike digital platforms that bombard you with endless notifications, newspapers let you explore at your own pace. Every page holds surprises, from captivating headlines to hidden gems in the classifieds section. The absence of distractions like pop-up ads or autoplay videos makes reading newspapers a peaceful and immersive experience. Plus, the rustling sound of turning pages and the distinct smell of fresh print add a sensory charm that no digital screen can replicate. With newspapers, the excitement lies in uncovering information organically, rather than having it curated by a machine.

Fun sections in newspapers: Newspapers aren’t just about serious news; they also offer entertainment and leisure. The comics section brings laughter with its humorous strips and witty jokes, while puzzles like crosswords and Sudoku provide an engaging way to boost problemsolving skills. Sports sections keep young readers like you updated on their favourite teams and players, while entertainment pages cover movie reviews and music trends. These sections make newspapers a delightful mix of information and fun.

Making newspapers part of your routine: Incorporating newspapers into your daily routine can be both enjoyable and enriching. You can start by exploring sections that interest you, such as sports or entertainment, and gradually expand to other topics. Discussing interesting articles with friends and family can spark engaging conversations and broaden your perspectives. If you find an inspiring story or an informative piece, cutting it out and saving it in a scrapbook can be a fun way to create a personal archive. Some newspapers also invite readers to share their opinions through letters, so write to the editor, and maybe even see them published.

So, grab a newspaper today and dive into a world of knowledge and fun! After all, every page has a story to tell.

FIRST FULLY ORGANIC STATE OF INDIA

LAND OF FLOWER, SIKKIM 

Sikkim is now the first fully organic state of India. With a population of around six lakhs, the state known as the Land of Flower, also known for its Organic initiative too. Prime Minister Narendra Modi made the official announcement during his maiden visit to the state of Sikkim.

Around 12 years ago, in 2003, the then Pawan Chamling led government took this decision through a declaration in the legislative assembly. And the journey began.

Sikkim became the first fully organic state in India in 2016. The state achieved this milestone by converting all its agricultural land to organic farming, following a decade-long effort that began in 2003. The government implemented strict policies to phase out chemical fertilizers and pesticides, promoting sustainable and eco-friendly farming practices instead.

100% Organic Farming: Sikkim banned the sale and use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, ensuring that all its agricultural produce is organic.

Sustainable Agriculture: The state adopted eco-friendly techniques, such as composting and crop rotation, to maintain soil fertility and environmental health.

Recognition: In 2018, Sikkim received the prestigious Future Policy Gold Award from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for its pioneering organic farming policies.

Economic and Tourism Boost: The organic movement has enhanced Sikkim's agribusiness, improved farmers’ incomes, and attracted eco-tourism.

Over the years around 75000 hectares of land has been converted into certified organic farms following the guidelines as prescribed by National Programme for Organic Production. 

Organic cultivation doesn't involve the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. It helps to maintain a harmonious balance among the various complex ecosystems. 

Also it has improved the quality of the soil which further improves the standards of the crops produced there. Within 1.24 million tonnes of organic production in the country around 80000 million is supplied by Sikkim alone.

Sikkim’s achievement serves as a model for other states and countries aiming for sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.

A Creative Career Path

CHOREOGRAPHY

Are you passionate about dance and love to move to the rhythm of music? Have you ever thought about becoming a choreographer? It’s a fun and fulfilling career option for kids who have a flair for creativity and enjoy working with dancers.

Choreographers are like the directors of dance. They create dance routines and movements that tell a story or convey emotions. Whether it’s for a stage performance, a music video or a movie, choreographers play a crucial role in bringing dance to life.

To become a choreographer, you don’t necessarily need formal education, but it’s helpful to have a strong background in dance. Many choreographers start by giving dance classes from a young age and continue to refine their skills over time. Some also pursue degrees in dance or performing arts to deepen their understanding of movement and choreography techniques.

A typical day for a choreographer involves a lot of creativity and collaboration. They might start by brainstorming ideas for a new dance piece, then work with dancers to teach them the choreography. They also spend time rehearsing and refining the routine until it’s perfect. In addition to working with dancers, choreographers often collaborate with music composers, costume designers and stage directors to bring their vision to life.

While choreography can be incredibly rewarding, it also comes with its challenges. One of the biggest challenges is finding work consistently, especially when starting out. Competition can be tough, and it may take time to build a reputation and establish yourself in the industry. Additionally, choreographers often face pressure to come up with fresh and innovative ideas, which can sometimes lead to creative blocks.

Despite the challenges, being a choreographer offers endless opportunities for creativity and self-expression. Whether you dream of choreographing Broadway shows, music videos for your favourite artists or dance routines for movies, pursuing a career in choreography can lead to a lifetime of exciting opportunities.

So, if you’re passionate about dance and love to express yourself through movement, consider exploring choreography as a career option. Who knows? You might just be the next big name in the world of dance!

A steadfast companion in humanity's journey of self-expression and discovery

PEN 

Few tools have wielded as much influence as the humble pen. From its ancient origins to its modern iterations, the pen has been an indispensable instrument of communication, creativity, and cultural expression. 

Let us explore its rich history, significance, and enduring relevance in an ever-changing world.

The story of the pen begins at the dawn of civilization, where early humans sought to record thoughts, transactions, and stories. 

In ancient Mesopotamia, around 3200 BCE, cuneiform writing emerged on clay tablets, inscribed with reed or bone styluses. These rudimentary tools laid the foundation for more sophisticated instruments, capturing day-today records and marking the beginning of written culture.

As civilizations flourished, the need for better writing tools grew. 

The ancient Egyptians refined writing with papyrus scrolls and reed pens, enabling smoother, more legible writing and pre-serving religious texts, legal documents, and creative works. Meanwhile, in China, brushes made of animal hair or plant fibres yielded elegant calligraphy, demonstrating how writing could transcend functionality into artistic expression.

The Renaissance, a period of cultural and intellectual revival, spurred advancements in writing instruments. 

The metal-nibbed pen, introduced in the 19th century, replaced quills and reeds, offering durability and precision. This innovation allowed writers to produce finer, consistent scripts and reduced wear on tools, reflecting the era’s demand for craftsmanship and reliability.

The 19th century also brought the fountain pen, a groundbreaking invention patented by Lewis Waterman in 1884. 

With its continuous ink supply through a reservoir system, the fountain pen eliminated the need for dipping and blotting. This made writing more convenient and accessible, paving the way for mass literacy and correspondence. 

Its elegance and efficiency cemented its place as a staple for decades.

The mid-20th century saw the advent of the ballpoint pen. In 1938, Hungarian journalist LászlóBíró patented the first commercially successful model. Its tiny rotating ball dispensed ink smoothly and consistently, offering a portable, mess-free alternative to fountain pens. 

Affordable and practical, it democratised writing for people worldwide and became a global phenomenon.

In today’s digital age, some predict the pen's obsolescence due to keyboards, touchscreens, and voice recognition. Yet, the pen endures as a cherished tool for personal expression and creativity. Stylus pens for tablets and smartphones demonstrate the pen's adaptability in a tech-driven world, ensuring its continued relevance. 

Beyond its practical uses, the pen symbolises literacy, education, and the power of ideas. From signing historic documents to penning heartfelt letters, writing with a pen connects us to our past, present, and future selves. Its tactile nature fosters intimacy and mindfulness, qualities often absent in digital tools.

In conclusion, the pen's history reflects human ingenuity and the enduring power of written communication. 

From ancient Mesopotamia to modern innovations, the pen has been a steadfast companion in humanity's journey of self-expression and discovery. As we embrace technology, let us remember the timeless significance of the pen as a tool for creativity, connection, and cultural continuity.

Cornerstone of India’s Republic Day celebrations

REPUBLIC DAY TABLEAUX

Tableau of Goa at Republic Day parade 2025

The tradition of showcasing tableaux during the Republic Day parade began in 1950, the same year India became a republic. These creative and colorful displays were introduced to represent the cultural, historical, and socio-economic diversity of the country. Over the years, the tableaux have become a significant part of the parade, narrating India’s rich heritage and modern achievements. Initially, the focus was primarily on cultural and historical themes, but with time, the scope has expanded to include technological advancements, environmental awareness and social progress. Each tableau serves as a visual story reflecting the essence of India.

Significance Of Cultural representation: Each tableau highlights the traditions, art, and culture of a specific state, union territory, or ministry, showcasing India’s diversity. 

National pride: The tableaux serve as a platform to celebrate India’s achievements and innovations in science, technology and governance. 

Unity in diversity: By representing different regions and themes, the tableaux symbolise India’s unity amidst its vast cultural and geographical diversity. 

Global display: As the parade is broadcast worldwide, the tableaux are an opportunity to project India’s heritage, accomplishments and aspirations on an international stage.

Selection process Call for proposals: The Ministry of Defence invites proposals from states, union territories, and central government ministries/departments. The proposals are based on themes related to India’s culture, heritage, development, or significant achievements. 

Theme alignment: The Ministry suggests broad themes each year, such as freedom fighters, environmental conservation, or government. For instance, the theme of 2025 is “Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas” (Golden India: Legacy and Progress). Participants align their concepts with these themes. 

Submission of designs: Participants submit detailed sketches, models, or digital presentations of their proposed tableau. These include explanations of the design, theme, and how the concept aligns with the overall theme of the Republic Day parade. 

Expert evaluation: A panel of experts—comprising eminent designers, architects and cultural experts, artists and officials from the Ministry of Defence reviews the submissions. 

The evaluation focuses on:

- Relevance to the theme. 

 - Aesthetic and creative appeal. 

 - Technical feasibility of the design. 

Shortlisting and modifications: A shortlist of designs is prepared and participants may be asked to make modifications to refine their concept or meet technical specifications.

Final approval:  Once the modifications are made, the final list of tableaux is approved. The selected participants are informed to begin the construction of their full-scale tableaux.

Construction and rehearsal: The approved tableaux are constructed and undergo rehearsals to ensure they meet the required standards and fit seamlessly into the parade. Each tableau is mounted on a motorised vehicle or platform, ensuring smooth movement during the parade. 

The tableaux are a cornerstone of India’s Republic Day celebrations, providing a vibrant, dynamic representation of the nation’s spirit and achievements.

CALMING THE CHAOTIC MIND

Meditation 

Ancient texts liken meditation to the process of taming a wild elephant, where the elephant is tied with a wrong rope for many days until, it finally settles down. Gradually training it and eventually getting rid of the rope, this trained wild elephant that represents the human mind can now be put to purpose. 

First developed in India thousands of years ago as a part of the Indian philosophy, meditation aims to achieve a mentally clear, emotionally calm and stable state, often viewed as the first step towards spiritual awakening and enlightenment. 

Since time immemorial, India has been known for its spirituality and is internationally known for its gift of meditation and yoga to the world. Hence, it is unsurprising to see tourists from across the world heading to the Indian subcontinent for an authentic meditative journey. There are different types of meditation techniques, below mentioned are some of them:

Chakra healing meditation: Chakra, a Sanskrit word that means a disk or a wheel, finds its presence in the meditative mise-en-scene since the ancient Hinduism meditative practices talk of the presence of hundreds of varying chakras or wheel like energy networks in the human body. However, there are seven core chakras that are situated along the spine from the sacrum at the bottom up to the crown at the top of the head, namely the root chakra (muladhar), the sacral chakra (svadhishthan), the solar plexus chakra (manipura), the heart chakra (anahat), the throat chakra (vishuddh), the third eye chakra (ajna) and lastly the crown chakra (sahasrar). It is believed that when any of these chakras are blocked, energy gets stuck and manifests as discomfort. Hence, the objective of this meditation is to activate the chakras and form a balance between them with regular training of the mind that involves control over one’s breath and encourages positive imagination. 

Vipassana meditation: Vipassana means 'insight' in Pali, the sacred language of Theravada Buddhism. It is one of the oldest Buddhist meditation practices and is believed to have come directly from a discourse attributed to the Lord Buddha himself. A gentle yet very thorough technique of training the mind, Vipassana includes a cluster of exercises like sati (mindfulness) and samatha (calm), developed through practices such as anapanasati (mindfulness of breathing) which are meant to make an individual more and more aware of their life experiences and directing careful attention towards certain painful, happy and other general aspects of their own existence to gain insight into the true nature of their reality. 

21 December is observed as World Meditation Day. 

KICK-START YOUR DAY

The power of morning routines 

In the hustle and bustle of life, the idea of a morning routine might seem like a distant dream. However, setting up a morning routine can be a game-changer, helping you tackle the day with confidence and purpose. Let’s explore why it matters and how you can create your own morning rituals inspired by successful individuals who swear by their morning routines. It turns out, establishing a solid morning routine can set the tone for a successful and fulfilling day. 

Morning routines are like the secret sauce to a productive and positive day. Your morning sets the tone for the entire day. A well-crafted morning routine helps you start each day on your terms, fostering a sense of control and positivity. It’s a chance to prioritise self-care, set goals, and cultivate habits that contribute to your overall well-being.

The Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, known for his wisdom and leadership, started his day with a series of personal reflections and gratitude. He spent quiet moments contemplating the day ahead, reminding himself of his purpose and focusing on what truly mattered. This simple routine helped him maintain a calm and resilient mindset, crucial for navigating the challenges of ruling an empire.

Elon Musk, the tech visionary behind Tesla and SpaceX, begins his day at the crack of dawn. His morning routine includes tackling critical emails and setting priorities for the day. Musk believes this early start helps him stay ahead of the curve and maintain focus on his ambitious goals.

Oprah Winfrey, media mogul and philanthropist, emphasizes the importance of mindfulness in her morning routine. Starting her day with gratitude, journalling and meditation, Oprah sets a positive tone that carries her through her busy schedule. This intentional start allows her to approach challenges with a clear and centered mind.

The Indian cricket captain, Virat Kohli, is known for his intense dedication to fitness. His mornings often begin with a rigorous workout routine, contributing to his physical and mental resilience on the cricket field.

Former PepsiCo CEO, Indra Nooyi, kickstarts her day at 4 a.m. with a morning walk. This time allows her to reflect and plan ahead, setting the stage for a day of strategic decision-making.

How to Develop Your Morning Routine:

Now that you’re convinced of the magic morning routines can bring, here’s how to create your own:

1. Early Rise: Start small. Try waking up 15-30 minutes earlier than usual. This gives you a head start and sets a positive tone for the day. Don’t overwhelm yourself. Begin with small, achievable steps. 

2. Personalise Your Routine: Your morning ritual should resonate with you. If you enjoy music, incorporate it into your routine. Tailor it to align with your interests and goals.

3. Reflect and Set Intentions: Take a moment to reflect on your goals and set intentions for the day. What do you want to achieve? This helps create a sense of purpose.

4. Physical Activity: Whether it’s a quick stretch, yoga or a brisk walk get your body moving. Physical activity boosts energy levels and enhances mood.

5. Mindful Moments: Incorporate mindfulness or meditation to calm your mind. Even just a few minutes of deep breathing can make a big difference.

6. Fuel Your Body: Eat a nutritious breakfast to fuel your body and brain. It’s like giving your engine the right kind of fuel to kick-start your day.

7. Consistency: Stick to your routine even on weekends to create a habit.

8. Celebrate Progress: Acknowledge and celebrate your accomplishments. This positive reinforcement fuels motivation and instils a sense of achievement.

Your morning routine is your secret weapon in the pursuit of success. It’s not about perfection but progress. By adopting positive habits, you set the stage for a day filled with purpose and accomplishment. Draw inspiration from global icons and our very own Indian leaders. Rise with determination, shine with gratitude, and conquer your goals – your success story starts every morning.

HONOURING INDIA'S FOUNDING DOCUMENT

Celebrating Constitution Day

Every year on November 26, India celebrates Constitution Day, a day that holds great significance for the nation. It marks the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1949, a document that laid the foundation for how India functions as a democratic republic. But what exactly is a constitution, and why is it so important?

What is the Constitution and What Does It Say?The Constitution is like a rule book for the country. It outlines the basic principles and laws that govern India. It explains how our government should operate, what rights citizens have, and what duties they must fulfill. It’s a guide to ensuring fairness, equality and justice for everyone. The Constitution is also a blueprint for how the government should protect citizens’ rights while maintaining order and promoting social welfare.

The Minds Behind the Constitution: India’s Constitution didn’t just appear overnight. It was drafted by a dedicated group of leaders led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, one of the most influential figures in Indian history. These leaders worked tirelessly for almost three years to create a Constitution that would guarantee justice, liberty, equality and fraternity for all Indians. Their efforts were driven by a vision of a free, fair and equal society where every citizen, regardless of their background, would have rights and opportunities.

Why is Constitution Day Important?: Constitution Day is more than just a day to remember the adoption of the Constitution—it’s an opportunity for all of us to reflect on the values that keep our democracy strong. Schools and colleges across the country celebrate this day with various activities like debates, quizzes and discussions about the Constitution. Special assemblies are often held, where students and teachers talk about the importance of the day, and how the Constitution shapes our lives as citizens.This day also serves as a reminder of the struggles and sacrifices made by freedom fighters and leaders who fought for India’s independence. It’s a day to appreciate our fundamental rights, like the right to vote, the right to free speech, and the right to equality, which were won after years of struggle.

Official Declaration of the Constitution Day: Although the Constitution was adopted in 1949, it wasn’t until 2015 that the Government of India officially declared November 26 as Constitution Day. The goal? To raise awareness about the Constitution and encourage every citizen to understand their rights and responsibilities. This day is a call to action for everyone to engage with the principles that make India a vibrant democracy.

Why Should Students Care About the Constitution? As young citizens, students play a crucial role in the future of India. Learning about the Constitution helps students understand their rights, like the freedom to express opinions or the right to education, and their responsibilities, such as following the law and respecting others. By understanding these, students can grow into responsible, active participants in society, helping to strengthen the country’s democracy. 

So this Constitution Day, let’s all take a moment to celebrate the document that unites us as a nation. Let’s remember the vision of our leaders, embrace our rights, and commit to fulfilling our responsibilities with pride. Together, we can uphold the values that make India a strong, fair, and democratic country!

THE EIGHT FACETS OF DIVINE PROSPERITY

Ashtalakhmi 

Ashtalakhmi refers to the eight revered forms of Goddess Lakshmi, each representing a unique aspect of prosperity, well-being and happiness. Together, they are worshipped to invoke a holistic sense of abundance, covering spiritual, material and intellectual prosperity. 

Adi Lakshmi: The primal form of Lakshmi represents eternal wealth, spiritual strength and the origin of all prosperity. 

Dhanya Lakshmi: She provides food, grains and nourishment, ensuring that devotees have enough to sustain their lives and the lives of others. 

Dhairya / Veer Lakshmi: The embodiment of courage, valour and strength, she grants fearlessness and resilience in overcoming challenges. 

Gaja Lakshmi: Symbolising royal power, abundance and fertility, she is often depicted with elephants. 

Santana Lakshmi: The bestower of progeny and protection of children is worshipped by those seeking blessings for family continuity and the welfare of their offspring. 

Vijaya Lakshmi: The Goddess of success and victory helps her devotees achieve triumph in their endeavours, be it in battles, competitions or day-to-day struggles. 

Vidya Lakshmi: She encourages intellectual growth, learning and education, crucial for personal and societal advancement.

Dhana Lakshmi: The Goddess of material wealth and prosperity is believed to bring abundance in terms of money and other valuable resources necessary for leading a comfortable life.