Karnataka’s Timeless Sanskrit Village

MATTUR 

Nestled on the banks of the Tunga River in Karnataka’s Shivamogga district lies a small yet extraordinary village—Mattur (also spelled Mathur). Unlike any other place in India, Mattur has earned a unique distinction: it is India’s only Sanskrit-speaking village, where daily conversations, school lessons, and even street signs reflect the rhythm of an ancient language.

A Living Legacy of Sanskrit: While Sanskrit is often associated with sacred texts, ancient literature, and rituals, in Mattur, it is a living, spoken language. The residents, regardless of age, speak Sanskrit in their day-to-day interactions. Children learn it from an early age, and schools in the village emphasize Sanskrit as a medium of instruction alongside Kannada and English.

This revival of spoken Sanskrit is not merely ceremonial—it is part of a deliberate cultural preservation effort that began in the 1980s. With the guidance of Sanskrit scholars and support from spiritual organisations, the villagers committed to rejuvenating a language that is considered the root of many Indian languages and a treasure trove of knowledge.

A Village Rooted in Tradition and Modernity: Mattur is primarily inhabited by Sanketi Brahmins, a community known for its traditional Vedic scholarship. Despite this deep cultural conservatism, the village is far from frozen in time. It seamlessly blends Vedic learning with modern education. Many of Mattur’s youth are well-versed in computer science, engineering, and other modern disciplines. In fact, the village boasts a high literacy rate and has produced a significant number of professionals working in India and abroad.

Yet, no matter where they go, the villagers maintain a strong connection to their roots. Sanskrit remains a binding thread, and many alumni return to contribute to local education and cultural events.

Education: The Heart of the Revival

At the centre of Mattur’s Sanskrit revival is the Sri Sharada Vilasa Pathashala, a traditional school that offers training in the Vedas, Sanskrit grammar, and classical texts. Students from across India come here to immerse themselves in the ancient language.

Additionally, local schools incorporate spoken Sanskrit classes and encourage children to use the language in daily communication, prayers, and performances.

Sanskrit in Everyday Life: What makes Mattur truly remarkable is how organic the use of Sanskrit has become. You’ll hear phrases like “katham asti?” (How are you?) or “bhavān katham gacchati?” (Where are you going?) as naturally as you’d hear Kannada or Hindi elsewhere.

Street signs, nameplates, and shop boards are written in Sanskrit. Even graffiti and casual wall art feature Sanskrit shlokas (verses) and messages.

A Model for Cultural Revival: Mattur has often been highlighted in documentaries, news features, and academic research as a model for cultural and linguistic revival. It stands as proof that ancient languages need not be relegated to the past. With community support and dedicated education, even a "dead language" can thrive in the modern world.

A Timeless Inspiration: In an age where languages and traditions are vanishing rapidly, Mattur offers a rare example of continuity, commitment, and cultural pride. It's not just a Sanskrit-speaking village—it’s a testament to India's linguistic diversity and its enduring capacity to keep heritage alive through living practice.

As one walks through Mattur, listening to the melodic cadence of spoken Sanskrit echoing from homes, schools, and temples, it becomes clear: this is not merely a village—it's a living museum of India’s spiritual and linguistic heritage.

The Indian Style of Greeting

Namaste

India, a land known for its deep-rooted traditions and rich cultural heritage, offers the world many beautiful customs, and one of the most iconic among them is the traditional greeting — Namaste. More than just a form of saying hello, Namaste is a gesture filled with respect, humility, and spiritual significance.

What Does Namaste Mean?

The word "Namaste" comes from Sanskrit, where: Namaḥ means bow, obeisance, or salutation

Te means to you.

So, Namaste literally translates to "I bow to you." It is not just a verbal greeting but a respectful acknowledgment of the divinity in another person. A deeper spiritual interpretation of Namaste is:

"The divine in me honours the divine in you."

How is Namaste Performed?

Namaste is typically performed by:

1. Pressing both palms together, fingers pointing upwards, in front of the chest — a gesture known as Anjali Mudra.

2. Slightly bowing the head.

This simple but profound gesture is used in both formal and informal settings — from greeting elders and teachers to welcoming guests or beginning a yoga session.

Cultural and Spiritual Significance

Namaste is more than a greeting; it is a way of life in Indian culture. It reflects values such as:

Respect for others, regardless of age, status, or background.

Humility and gratitude, by bowing in front of others.

Spiritual connection, acknowledging that all living beings carry the divine essence.

In many Indian households and temples, Namaste is a common way to greet and show reverence to deities, elders, and visitors alike.

Namaste in Modern Times

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Namaste gained international attention as a contactless greeting that maintained social distancing without losing the warmth of a traditional welcome. Leaders and celebrities around the world adopted it as a safer and more respectful way of greeting others.

Moreover, as yoga and mindfulness practices have spread globally, Namaste has become a familiar term in wellness communities, often used at the end of yoga sessions to express gratitude and inner peace.

Global Recognition: 

Namaste has transcended cultural boundaries and is now recognised worldwide as a symbol of peace, respect, and harmony. It reminds us that true connection lies not just in physical contact, but in acknowledging each other with kindness and honour.

Conclusion: Namaste is a timeless Indian greeting that encapsulates centuries of tradition, spiritual insight, and human connection. In just one word and one gesture, it conveys respect, peace, and the understanding that we are all connected at a deeper level. In today’s fast-paced and divided world, embracing such meaningful traditions can help bring us closer — one respectful greeting at a time.

Namaste.

The Crispy Delight of Indian Vegetarian Cuisine

PAPAD 

Introduction: A crunchy welcome 

Papad, also known as appalam, pappadam, or pappadum, is far more than a simple side dish—it’s an experience. This thin, crispy, disc-shaped wafer has been a cherished part of vegetarian meals across India and beyond for centuries. Made from various flours, papad transforms from a brittle, sun-dried disc into a light, airy, and crunchy delicacy when fried, roasted, or microwaved. Its satisfying snap and burst of flavour make it a beloved accompaniment, a quick snack, and a festive treat enjoyed across generations.

Origin and Cultural Significance: Papad’s origins trace back to ancient Indian culinary traditions. Historical references suggest that papads were once part of royal feasts and temple offerings. Over time, this humble lentil disc became a household staple across regions. Every state in India has its own variation—whether it’s the spicy black pepper papads of North India, urad dal-based appalams of South India, or the thicker khichiya papads of Gujarat.

Beyond its role on the dining table, papad carries cultural importance. Offering papad to guests is considered a gesture of hospitality. It is featured in festive thalis, wedding feasts, and religious ceremonies, symbolising tradition and togetherness.

The Art of Making Papad: From dough to disc

The making of papad is both an art and a community tradition, often done collectively by families or women’s groups, particularly during sunny months.

Ingredients: The base of papad is usually a lentil flour such as urad dal (black gram), moong dal (split green gram), or chickpea flour (besan). Variations use rice flour, potato starch, or tapioca. Spices like black pepper, cumin seeds, asafoetida (hing), red chili flakes, and salt provide the signature flavours.

Kneading the Dough: The flours and spices are combined with water to create a firm, elastic dough, kneaded until smooth.

Shaping the Discs: Small balls of dough are rolled into very thin, uniform circles. This requires skill to ensure even thickness for proper cooking.

Sun-Drying: The discs are arranged on mats and left under the sun to dry completely. This traditional dehydration method locks in flavour, gives papads their signature crispness, and ensures a long shelf life.

A Culinary Chameleon: How to enjoy Papad

Papad is a versatile element of Indian cuisine, prepared in multiple ways:

Fried: Immersed in hot oil for a few seconds, papads puff up into golden, crunchy wafers—perfect for special occasions or indulgent meals.

Roasted/Grilled: Roasted over an open flame or on a tawa until blistered, roasted papads are lighter and carry a smoky flavour, making them a favorite for everyday meals.

Microwaved or Air-Fried: A modern, oil-free option for health-conscious eaters that still delivers a delightful crunch.

More than a side dish: Papad in Indian Cuisine

Papad’s uses go beyond being a simple accompaniment:

Papad Ki Sabzi: A Rajasthani delicacy where roasted papad pieces are added to a tangy yogurt or tomato-based gravy to create a unique curry.

Papad Chaat: A vibrant street food snack featuring crushed roasted papad topped with chopped onions, tomatoes, green chilies, coriander, and lemon juice.

Papad as a Base or Garnish: Larger papads can be used like bruschetta bases for toppings or crushed into chaats, salads, and rice dishes to add texture and flavour.

Health Benefits of Papad

Papads, especially those made from lentils, can provide:

Plant-Based Protein: Lentil flours like urad and moong dal are good protein sources.

Dietary Fibre: Contributing to healthy digestion.

Digestive Aids: Spices such as asafoetida and cumin help prevent bloating and indigestion.

Low-Calorie Option: Roasted papads are a light, low-fat snack compared to fried alternatives.

However, fried papads can be high in fat and sodium, so moderation is recommended.

Papad in Modern Kitchens: In today’s culinary world, papad has crossed geographical and cultural boundaries. Ready-to-cook papads in various flavours are sold worldwide, making this traditional Indian snack accessible globally. Modern chefs are experimenting with papads in creative ways—turning them into papad tacos, papad cones filled with salads, or pairing papad crisps with contemporary dips—showcasing its versatility in fusion cuisine.

Fun Facts about Papad: In many Indian households, making and drying papads is a social activity, with women gathering to roll and sun-dry batches for the whole year.

Papad has been celebrated in Indian films and popular culture—remembered fondly as a symbol of home-cooked comfort.

Some regions even host small-scale papad industries run by women’s self-help groups, contributing to local economies.

Conclusion: A Timeless Crunch

From its humble beginnings as a simple lentil disc to its modern reinvention in gourmet kitchens, papad remains a shining example of India’s culinary heritage. It is a symbol of tradition, hospitality, and innovation—a burst of flavour that brings texture and delight to every meal. Whether served alongside dal-rice on a quiet evening, featured in a festive thali, or transformed into a creative appetizer, papad continues to win hearts across generations, one crisp bite at a time.

Fascinating form of body art

TATTOO 

Introduction

Tattoos are a fascinating form of body art where ink is permanently embedded in the skin to create designs. Across history, tattoos have been much more than decoration—they have served as symbols of status, identity, spirituality, and personal stories. What once carried cultural or ritual significance has evolved into a globally celebrated form of self-expression and fashion.

A Historical Ink Trail 📜

The earliest known evidence of tattooing dates back to the Neolithic period. Ötzi the Iceman, a 5,300-year-old mummy found in the Alps, had 61 tattoos believed to have been used for medicinal or therapeutic purposes. In Ancient Egypt, tattoos symbolised religious devotion and social standing, while Celts and Anglo-Saxons used them as war paint and tribal identifiers.

In Polynesia, tattooing—called tatau, the origin of the English word “tattoo”—was a sacred art form. These intricate patterns conveyed lineage, rank, and accomplishments. The process was often painful and viewed as a rite of passage, and an unmarked body was considered incomplete or without identity.

In India and parts of Africa, tattooing and body art have long been used in rituals and celebrations. Henna tattoos (mehndi) remain a cherished tradition during weddings and festivals, symbolising joy and blessing.

The Global Comeback 🌍

For centuries, tattoos in the Western world were stigmatised and associated with sailors, criminals, or social outsiders. This perception began to shift in the late 19th century. In 1891, Samuel O’Reilly’s invention of the electric tattoo machine revolutionised tattooing, making it faster, more precise, and widely accessible.

By the late 20th century, tattoos experienced a massive surge in popularity. Celebrities, musicians, and athletes proudly displayed their ink, helping to transform tattoos from taboo to trend. Today, tattooing is a booming global industry, with artists exploring an extraordinary range of styles—from traditional Japanese Irezumi and tribal designs to realistic portraits, abstract watercolor art, and minimalistic linework.

Modern Trends and Styles

Contemporary tattoo art is as diverse as the people who wear it. Popular trends include:

● Traditional tattoos: Bold lines and vibrant colors with classic motifs.

● Watercolor tattoos: Designs that resemble brushstrokes or splashes of paint.

● Minimalistic tattoos: Subtle, simple lines or symbols with deep meaning.

● Portrait tattoos: Realistic depictions of loved ones or inspirational figures.

● Cultural and spiritual tattoos: Designs that honor heritage or beliefs.

Tattoos have moved beyond rebellion to become statements of individuality, creativity, and even professional artistry. In many places, attitudes toward tattoos in workplaces and society have softened, though they still vary by culture.

More than just skin deep ✨

A tattoo is rarely just a drawing—it’s a powerful personal statement. People get tattoos for many reasons:

● Self-expression: To showcase personality, beliefs, or creativity.

● Memorials: To honor a loved one or commemorate a life-changing event.

● Cultural or spiritual connections: To preserve traditions or signify faith.

● Aesthetic appeal: To carry a piece of art they admire.

For many, tattoos are a way to reclaim their bodies after trauma or to celebrate milestones. They challenge traditional ideas of beauty and permanence, serving as a form of non-verbal communication—telling a story to those who see them and, most importantly, to the wearer.

Considerations before getting inked

While tattoos are meaningful and beautiful, they are permanent. Before getting one, it’s important to:

Research the design and its symbolism. Choose something meaningful and timeless.

Select a skilled, hygienic tattoo artist. Safety and quality are essential.

Think long-term. Trends change, but your tattoo will remain.

Understand the healing process and aftercare. Proper care ensures vibrant, lasting art.

Consider cultural and workplace attitudes. Visible tattoos may not be accepted everywhere.

Conclusion

Tattoos have traveled an extraordinary journey—from sacred tribal rituals and ancient therapeutic marks to a global art form celebrated for its creativity and personal meaning. Whether chosen to honour heritage, commemorate milestones, or simply express individuality, tattoos remain one of humanity’s most enduring forms of storytelling.

In a world of fleeting trends, a tattoo is deliberate and permanent—a memory, a conviction, or a work of art etched forever on the skin. Tattoos remind us that every design tells a story, and every story leaves a mark.

Japan’s Wackiest Celebration

THE BELLY BUTTON FESTIVAL 

Every summer in the heart of Hokkaido, Japan, something delightfully quirky takes over Furano City—the Hokkai Heso Matsuri, better known as the Belly Button Festival. This hilarious and heartwarming event celebrates not only the town’s central location in Hokkaido (its “belly button”) but also the human connection symbolised by our navels.

A festival of laughter and community: The Belly Button Festival began in 1969 with a simple but meaningful goal: to strengthen community bonds through laughter and shared joy. Over the years, it has grown into a beloved tradition that attracts locals and visitors alike. What better way to unite a community than by dancing with a giant face painted on your stomach?

The Belly Button dance competition: At the heart of the festival is the famous Belly Button Dance Competition. Nearly 4,000 participants parade through the streets with comical faces—called Zubara—painted on their tummies. Bright costumes, lively music, and infectious smiles create an atmosphere that is both silly and uplifting. Even tourists can join in the fun by registering for the Jump-In Team, ensuring that everyone can be part of the laughter.

Delicious Belly Button-Inspired Dishes: The festival isn’t just about dancing—it’s a feast for food lovers too! The Belly Button Gourmet is another highlight, with local chefs creating special dishes inspired by the theme. Imagine belly-button-shaped curry rice or creative versions of yakisoba (fried noodles), all made using fresh local ingredients. These playful meals reflect the joyful spirit of the celebration.

A visit to the Belly Button Shrine: No trip to the festival is complete without a visit to the Heso Shrine, officially known as Hokushin Shrine. Its central position in Hokkaido earned it the nickname “belly button shrine.” Nearby is Hakako-do, a hall that stores umbilical cords sent by families from all over Japan. This tradition symbolises love, birth, and family ties—the deeper meaning behind the festival’s lighthearted exterior.

More than just a quirky event: While the idea of celebrating belly buttons might sound odd at first, the Hokkai Heso Matsuri is far more than a novelty. It’s a vibrant celebration of joy, unity, and life itself. Through laughter, dance, and shared traditions, the people of Furano City remind everyone that even the silliest things—like a painted tummy—can bring people together in meaningful ways.

The Belly Button Festival proves that joy can be found in the most unexpected places—sometimes, right in the centre of Hokkaido!

From Taiwan to the World

BUBBLE TEA 

Imagine sipping a drink that’s not just a beverage but also a dessert — where chewy pearls bounce in your mouth and sweet flavours burst with every sip. This is Bubble Tea, also called Boba Tea — a Taiwanese invention that has become a global craze, especially among teenagers.

The beginning of Bubble Tea: Bubble Tea was first created in Taiwan in the 1980s. At that time, it was simply iced milk tea. The twist came when tapioca pearls — small, chewy balls made from cassava starch — were added.

One popular story says a tea shop owner experimented by dropping sweetened tapioca balls into tea, and the drink quickly became a hit. While several shops in Taiwan claim to be the “original creators”, what’s certain is that the idea spread rapidly.

Interestingly, the name “Bubble Tea” does not come from the pearls. It actually refers to the frothy bubbles that form when the tea is shaken.

Why is it so popular?

Bubble Tea is loved worldwide, but it has a special place in the hearts of teens. Why?

Customisable: You can pick the type of tea (milk tea, green tea, fruit tea), sweetness level, and toppings like jelly, pudding, or popping boba.

Fun Experience: The chewy pearls turn a simple drink into a snack-and-drink combo.

Instagram Appeal: With colorful layers and transparent cups showing the pearls, it’s picture-perfect for social media.

Bubble Tea in Taiwanese Culture: In Taiwan, Bubble Tea is more than a drink — it’s part of youth culture. Bubble Tea shops fill the streets, buzzing with students and friends catching up over their favourite flavours.

It’s also considered a great after-school snack: refreshing in the summer, warming in the winter, and always filling because of the tapioca pearls. Over the years, Bubble Tea has become a symbol of Taiwanese identity and is now enjoyed across the world.

A global favorite: From local tea stalls in Taiwan to trendy shops in cities across Asia, America, and Europe, Bubble Tea has truly gone global. What began as a fun experiment is now a worldwide phenomenon — proving how a simple idea can spread joy and culture far beyond its homeland.

✨ In short: Bubble Tea is more than just a drink. It’s a delicious mix of tradition, creativity, and youth culture that continues to win hearts all over the world.

Where music meets movement

BALLET DANCE 

Introduction: Ballet is a highly technical and graceful form of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance (15th–16th centuries) and later developed significantly in France and Russia. Today, it is a global art form admired for its precision, beauty, and ability to combine music, movement, and storytelling. Ballet is not just a dance form but also a cultural treasure that has evolved over centuries into multiple styles, training methods, and creative expressions.

History of Ballet: 

● Italian Renaissance (15th–16th centuries):

Ballet began in the Italian courts as lavish entertainment for nobles. Early performances were elaborate spectacles where aristocrats themselves often danced.

● French Development (16th–17th centuries):

With Catherine de’ Medici’s influence, ballet spread to France. King Louis XIV, known as the “Sun King” and an accomplished dancer, elevated ballet to an art form. In 1661, he founded the Académie Royale de Danse in Paris, which laid the foundation for professional ballet.

● Romantic Era (19th century):

Ballet shifted toward emotion, imagination, and the supernatural. This period introduced pointe work (dancing on the tips of the toes) and the Romantic tutu (a long, bell-shaped skirt). Famous works include Giselle and La Sylphide.

● Russian Classical Ballet (late 19th century):

Russia became the heart of ballet, with choreographers like Marius Petipa creating grand productions that are still performed today. Iconic ballets such as The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, and The Sleeping Beauty showcased elaborate sets, demanding technique, and dramatic storytelling.

● 20th Century to Present:

Ballet continued to evolve, blending with modern dance. Choreographers like George Balanchine pioneered neoclassical ballet, while others pushed boundaries with contemporary ballet.

Types and Styles of Ballet:

● Classical Ballet:

The most traditional style, known for graceful, flowing movements, strict technique, and symmetrical staging. Usually tells a story with elaborate costumes and sets (The Nutcracker is a prime example).

● Romantic Ballet:

Focused on emotion, nature, and mystical themes. Dancers often portrayed supernatural beings like sylphs and spirits.

● Neoclassical Ballet:

Developed in the 20th century by choreographers like George Balanchine. It retains ballet technique but is faster, less rigid, often plotless, and emphasises the relationship between movement and music.

● Contemporary Ballet:

A fusion of classical ballet and modern dance. It allows greater freedom, floor work, and experimental movement. Costumes and sets are usually simple, focusing on the dancer’s body and movement.

Ballet Training Methods:

Over time, different regions have developed their own training schools and methods, each emphasising unique qualities:

● Vaganova Method (Russian): Strong focus on strength, precision, and expressive upper-body movement.

● Cecchetti Method (Italian): A scientific, rigorous system designed to develop balance, coordination, and discipline.

● Bournonville Method (Danish): Recognised for lightness, quick footwork, and understated elegance.

● Balanchine Method (American): Known for extreme speed, deep pliés, and athleticism, developed by George Balanchine.

Famous Ballets:

Some of the most celebrated ballets that remain central to the repertoire are:

● Swan Lake

● The Nutcracker

● The Sleeping Beauty

● Giselle

● Don Quixote

Legendary Ballet Dancers: 

● Anna Pavlova (Russia): Famous for The Dying Swan, she brought ballet to audiences worldwide.

● Mikhail Baryshnikov (Soviet Union/USA): Widely considered one of the greatest male dancers of all time.

● Margot Fonteyn (UK): Prima Ballerina Assoluta of The Royal Ballet, known for her partnership with Rudolf Nureyev.

● Rudolf Nureyev (Russia): Known for his dramatic stage presence and athleticism.

● Misty Copeland (USA): Made history as the first African American female principal dancer at American Ballet Theatre.

Basic Ballet Terminology:

Ballet uses a vocabulary largely derived from French. Some key terms include:

● Plié: Bending of the knees.

● Relevé: Rising onto the balls of the feet or toes.

● Pirouette: A spin or turn on one leg.

● Arabesque: Balancing on one leg with the other extended straight behind.

● Grand Jeté: A large, dramatic leap across the stage.

● Port de Bras: “Carriage of the arms,” graceful arm positions and movements.

● Turnout: Outward rotation of the legs from the hips, fundamental to ballet technique.

Importance of Ballet:

Develops discipline, flexibility, and strength.

Enhances poise, confidence, and stage presence.

Provides the foundation for many other dance forms.

Serves as a cultural and artistic bridge between tradition and innovation.

In Essence:

Ballet is poetry in motion—an art that blends grace, strength, and storytelling. From royal courts to global stages, it has endured for centuries, constantly evolving while remaining rooted in tradition.

The ancient martial art of Kerala

KALARIPAYATTU 

Introduction: Kalaripayattu, often hailed as the “mother of all martial arts,” is one of the oldest fighting systems in the world. It originated in Kerala, a state on the southwestern coast of India, and is deeply intertwined with the region’s history, culture, and mythology. More than just a combat technique, Kalaripayattu is a holistic discipline that combines physical training, weapon mastery, healing traditions, and spiritual practice.

Etymology and History: 

The word Kalaripayattu comes from two Malayalam words:

Kalari – meaning “training ground” or “battlefield.”

Payattu – meaning “fight” or “practice.”

While the exact origins are debated, references to martial training appear as early as the Sangam period (3rd century BCE – 3rd century CE) and in the Dhanurveda, an ancient Indian text on warfare.

Tradition attributes its creation to sage Parashurama, who is believed to have reclaimed the land of Kerala from the sea and trained its people in martial discipline.

By the 11th and 12th centuries, Kalaripayattu had become a vital part of Kerala’s socio-political system, with local rulers and chieftains maintaining trained warriors.

Training was not limited to a single caste—Nairs, Ezhavas, Muslims, and Christians all practiced and mastered the art.

Many scholars also argue that Kalaripayattu influenced martial traditions in Asia, including the development of Chinese martial arts carried by Buddhist monks and travelers.

Styles of Kalaripayattu:

Over time, Kalaripayattu evolved into regional variations, the most prominent being:

1. Vadakkan Kalari (Northern Style)

Origin: Malabar region (North Kerala).

Known for graceful, flowing movements, dynamic footwork, and acrobatics.

Emphasis on a wide range of weapons, agility, and high jumps.

2. Thekkan Kalari (Southern Style)

Origin: Travancore region (South Kerala).

Focuses on powerful strikes, free-hand combat, and marma (vital point) techniques.

Movements are compact, forceful, and direct, with devastating applications.

Some traditions also mention Madhya Kalari (Central Style), which combines elements of both northern and southern systems.

Stages of Training:

Training in Kalaripayattu is systematic, progressing from physical fitness to mastery of advanced weaponry. The four main stages are:

1. Meythari (Meyppayattu) – Body conditioning

Stretching, kicks, jumps, and strengthening exercises.

Emphasis on balance, flexibility, and animal-inspired postures (vadivukal) such as the elephant, lion, and snake.

2. Kolthari (Kolpayattu) – Wooden weapons

Training with long staff (kettukari), short stick (kuruvadi), and curved stick (otti).

3. Angathari (Aayudha Abhyasam) – Metal weapons

Mastery of sword and shield, spear, dagger, and the legendary Urumi (a flexible, whip-like sword unique to Kalaripayattu).

4. Verumkai (Adikkai) – Bare-handed combat

Grappling, strikes, joint locks, throws, and pressure point attacks.

Deep knowledge of the body’s 108 marma points (vital spots) used for both healing and self-defense.

The Kalari (Training Ground):

The Kalari is not just a gym but a sacred space. Traditionally:

It is built according to Vastu Shastra (Hindu architectural science).

Usually, a rectangular pit is dug below ground level, covered with a thatched roof.

The training begins with salutations to deities and the Guru, symbolising discipline and humility.

Healing and Ayurveda:

Kalaripayattu is closely linked with Ayurveda and Kalari Chikitsa (traditional therapy).

Practitioners use herbal medicines and therapeutic massages for injury recovery.

Marma therapy helps in balancing energy points, relieving pain, and enhancing flexibility.

Thus, the system is not only combative but also restorative and holistic.

Philosophy and Cultural Influence:

Kalaripayattu teaches discipline, respect, courage, and mindfulness.

Movements from Kalari have influenced Kerala’s classical dances, such as Kathakali and Mohiniyattam, in terms of posture, strength, and expressions.

Today, it is performed both as a martial art and a cultural showcase for Kerala’s heritage.

Modern Relevance:

Though once associated with warfare, Kalaripayattu now thrives as:

A martial art for self-defense and fitness.

A performance art in festivals and tourism programs.

A tool for mental focus and meditation.

A healing practice integrated with yoga and Ayurveda.

Conclusion: Kalaripayattu is not merely about fighting; it is a way of life that harmonises the body, mind, and spirit. With its blend of combat, healing, and philosophy, it remains one of India’s greatest cultural treasures. Rooted in Kerala yet global in its influence, Kalaripayattu continues to inspire martial artists, performers, and health enthusiasts around the world.

Worship of the Cosmic Sages

 RISHI PANCHAMI 

Introduction: The Sapta Rishis (Seven Great Sages) are revered as eternal guides of wisdom, discipline, and dharma. They are described as the mind-born sons (manasaputras) of Brahma, entrusted with preserving knowledge and sustaining cosmic order.

What makes them unique is their dual presence. In mythology, they are revered sages, authors of scriptures, and teachers of gods and kings. In the cosmos, they shine eternally as the seven stars of the Ursa Major (Big Dipper) constellation, serving as celestial beacons. Just as sailors use stars for direction, seekers of truth look to the Sapta Rishis for spiritual guidance.

Names of the Saptarishis

​The names of the Saptarishis can vary across different Hindu texts and epochs (Manvantaras). However, a common and widely accepted list for the current Manvantara (the period of time ruled by a Manu) includes:

1. ​Vashistha: Known as a royal priest to King Dasharatha (the father of Lord Rama), he is a symbol of truth, compassion, and the power of prayer.
2. ​Vishwamitra: Initially a king who rose to the status of a Brahmarishi through his intense penance. He is credited with discovering the sacred Gayatri Mantra.
3. ​Bharadvaja: A renowned scholar and the father of Dronacharya, the guru of the Pandavas and Kauravas in the Mahabharata. He is credited with authoring parts of the Rigveda.
4. ​Gautama Maharishi: Known for his righteousness and for discovering Sanskrit mantras. He is also mentioned in both the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
5. ​Atri: A revered sage known for his deep penance and wisdom. His wife, Anasuya, is an embodiment of purity.
6. ​Jamadagni: The father of Parashurama, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. He is known for his austere lifestyle and deep spiritual discipline.
7. ​Kashyapa: A cornerstone of Hindu cosmology, he is regarded as the father of the Devas (gods), Asuras (demons), Nagas, and all of humanity.

​Other lists may include names like Marichi, Angiras, Pulaha, Pulastya, and Kratu, particularly in texts like the Mahabharata and the Brihat Samhita.

Mythological Importance: The Sapta Rishis are regarded as the seers of the Vedas, transmitting eternal truths to humanity.

They served as gurus of kings, gods, and even avatars, ensuring the continuity of dharma.

Many dynasties and lineages trace their origin to them, making them the patriarchs of civilisation.

Their lives show that even sages faced human struggles, yet rose above them through penance and wisdom.

Cosmic Importance: 

1. Stars of Ursa Major: They shine as the seven stars of the Big Dipper constellation, symbolising their eternal presence.

2. Keepers of Time: In each manvantara (cosmic age), a new set of Sapta Rishis is appointed to guide creation, linking them with the cosmic cycle of time.

3. Guides Across Ages: Just as sailors use stars to navigate seas, humanity uses the Rishis’ wisdom to navigate life and spiritual growth.

Rishi Panchami: A Festival in Their Honour

The greatness of the Sapta Rishis is celebrated in the festival of Rishi Panchami, observed on the fifth day of Shukla Paksha in Bhadrapada (August–September).

Purpose: To honour the Sapta Rishis and seek their blessings for purification and wisdom.

Observance: Devotees, especially women, fast on this day, bathe in holy rivers, and worship the Sapta Rishis with offerings of flowers and fruits.

Belief: Observing this vrat (fast) is said to cleanse sins and impurities, granting spiritual merit.

Meaning: It reflects society’s gratitude to the Rishis for preserving knowledge and guiding humanity.

Conclusion: The Sapta Rishis are not just sages of the past; they are eternal symbols of wisdom in both mythology and the cosmos. Their stories reveal lessons of devotion, discipline, justice, transformation, and balance, while their presence as stars reminds us of their timeless guidance.

Through the celebration of Rishi Panchami, devotees continue to honour them, showing that their legacy is alive even today. Whether in the scriptures, the stars, or the human heart, the Sapta Rishis remain cosmic beacons of truth, discipline, and dharma—guiding humanity across the ages.

A blueprint for balanced living

UNDERSTANDING LORD GANESHA 

Lord Ganesha, one of the most beloved and widely worshipped deities in Hinduism, is a figure rich with symbolic meaning. Known as Vighnaharta (the remover of obstacles) and Ganapati (Lord of the multitudes), Ganesha is invoked at the beginning of every new journey, ritual, or venture. Beyond devotion, his unique form and stories hold profound philosophical and spiritual significance, offering lessons on wisdom, balance, and self-realisation.

1. The Physical Form: 

● Large head and ears: Ganesha’s large head symbolises wisdom, intellect, and the ability to think beyond limitations. His big ears remind us to listen attentively—not only to others but also to our inner voice. They embody the practice of Śravaṇa (listening), the first step on the path of spiritual learning.

● Small mouth and eyes: His small mouth signifies the need to speak less and think more, encouraging mindful use of words. The small eyes reflect concentration and focus, representing Dhyana (meditation) and the importance of inner vision.

● Single tusk (Ekadanta): The broken tusk symbolises the ability to rise above duality, to overcome ego, and to pursue higher knowledge. Mythologically, Ganesha broke his tusk to write the Mahabharata as Sage Vyasa dictated—signifying sacrifice for the sake of wisdom.

● Trunk: The elephant’s trunk is both strong and delicate. It represents adaptability—the ability to be firm when required and flexible when needed—teaching us to balance strength with gentleness.

● Large belly: Ganesha’s big belly reflects his capacity to absorb life’s dualities—joy and sorrow—with equanimity. It symbolises contentment, patience, and the ability to digest diverse experiences.

● Four arms and the objects He holds: The four arms represent the four inner faculties of the mind:

Manas (mind/thought)

Buddhi (intellect/reason)

Ahamkara (ego/self-identity)

Chitta (consciousness/memory)

● In his hands, Ganesha carries symbolic objects: Ankusa (goad): To guide and discipline the mind, removing ignorance.

● Pasha (noose): Symbol of worldly attachments, reminding us to rise above them.

● Modaka (sweet): The bliss of self-realisation and the rewards of spiritual practice.

● Broken Tusk: Symbol of sacrifice and detachment from ego.

● Abhaya Mudra (hand blessing): Assurance of protection and divine grace.

● The Mouse (Mushika) – His vehicle

The mouse symbolises the ego and restless desires that can destroy like a gnawing rodent. By making the mouse his vehicle, Ganesha shows mastery over desires and teaches us to control rather than be controlled by them.

2. The Role of Vighnaharta: The Remover of Obstacles

Ganesha’s most cherished role is that of the remover of obstacles. These are not just external challenges but also internal barriers—ignorance, ego, and attachment—that hinder spiritual growth. Worshipping Ganesha at the beginning of any endeavour is symbolic of seeking clarity, courage, and wisdom to overcome hurdles on the path ahead.

3. The Union of the Elephant and the Man: Ganesha’s form—an elephant head on a human body—is itself a profound symbol. The elephant head represents Brahman, the ultimate cosmic reality, while the human body represents Jiva, the individual soul. Their union signifies the potential of every human being to realise their divine nature and attain cosmic consciousness.

4. The Symbolism of Ganesha Chaturthi: The festival of Ganesha Chaturthi is filled with symbolic meaning. The idol of Ganesha is created, worshipped, and later immersed in water. This ritual represents the cycle of creation and dissolution, reminding devotees of the impermanence of material existence and the eternal nature of the spirit. The immersion symbolises returning divine energy back to the cosmos.

Conclusion: Lord Ganesha’s form is a tapestry of symbolism—each feature imparting timeless lessons. His image teaches us to:

* Think deeply and listen wisely.

* Speak less but with mindfulness.

* Balance strength with humility.

* Control desires and ego.

* Accept life’s dualities with patience.

Thus, Ganesha is not merely the God of beginnings, but a philosophical guide to balanced living and self-realisation. By contemplating his symbolic aspects, we move closer to understanding the essence of eternal thought and the path to inner freedom.

Japan’s Gift to Global Storytelling

ANIME 

Anime is a distinct style of hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating in Japan. While in Japan the term “anime” refers to all forms of animation, internationally it specifically denotes Japanese animation. Over the decades, anime has evolved into a diverse and influential medium that has captivated global audiences with its imaginative visuals, emotional storytelling, and cultural depth.

Key Characteristics of Anime

● Distinct Art Style: Anime is renowned for its colorful and detailed graphics, with particular emphasis on background scenery and visual atmosphere. Unlike Western animation, which often prioritizes constant fluid motion, anime focuses on dramatic visuals and stylistic choices. A signature feature is the use of large, expressive eyes that convey deep emotions, paired with unique hairstyles and vibrant aesthetics.

● Diverse Genres and Themes: Anime is not limited to one age group or purpose. It covers a broad spectrum of genres ranging from comedy, romance, fantasy, and adventure to darker, more philosophical narratives. Unlike much of Western animation, which has traditionally been aimed at children, anime offers content for everyone—from young kids to mature adults.

● Wide Range of Target Demographics: Anime is often classified based on its target audience:

Shonen: Created for young boys, featuring action, adventure, courage, and friendship (Naruto, One Piece, Bleach).

Shoujo: Made for young girls, focusing on romance, drama, and emotional growth (Sailor Moon, Fruits Basket).

Seinen: Geared toward adult men, often with darker or more complex plots (Berserk, Monster).

Josei: Designed for adult women, portraying realistic life, mature relationships, and struggles (Nana).

● Narrative Depth: One of anime’s strongest appeals lies in its world-building and emotional richness. Many series explore psychological, philosophical, and moral dilemmas, making them far more layered than typical animated shows. This narrative complexity is a key reason anime resonates so deeply with both casual viewers and dedicated fans.

A Brief History of Anime: Anime traces its roots to the early 20th century, when Japanese creators experimented with animation inspired by Western works. The industry truly flourished after World War II, with Osamu Tezuka—fondly called the “Father of Anime”—leading the way. His creation, Astro Boy (1963), was among the first anime series broadcast on television, sparking Japan’s golden age of animation.

Over time, anime expanded into films and international markets, with Studio Ghibli’s works such as Spirited Away and Princess Mononoke setting new standards in global animation. By the 21st century, with the rise of streaming platforms, anime became more accessible worldwide, cementing its place as a cultural phenomenon.

Popular and Influential Anime: 

● Studio Ghibli Classics: Masterpieces like My Neighbour Totoro, Spirited Away, and Howl’s Moving Castle are celebrated for their breathtaking animation and timeless storytelling.

● The “Big Three” Shonen: Naruto, One Piece, and Bleach dominated anime culture for decades, inspiring generations of fans.

● Modern Hits: 

Titles like Attack on Titan, Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, and Jujutsu Kaisen have achieved mainstream success worldwide, praised for their high-quality animation and intense battles.

● Groundbreaking Series: Dragon Ball Z, Neon Genesis Evangelion, and Cowboy Bebop are considered classics that shaped anime’s identity and expanded its global reach.

Cultural Impact of Anime: Anime’s influence extends far beyond television and film. It has shaped global pop culture, inspiring fashion, music, art, and even Hollywood films. Cosplay events, anime conventions, and fan art communities showcase the worldwide enthusiasm for this medium. Moreover, anime often introduces international audiences to aspects of Japanese culture—traditions, values, and mythology—making it both entertaining and educational.

Conclusion: Anime is much more than a form of entertainment. It is an art form, a storytelling tradition, and a cultural bridge that connects Japan to the world. With its diversity of genres, emotional depth, and imaginative power, anime continues to inspire, educate, and entertain millions across the globe. From the classics of the past to the groundbreaking series of today, anime’s journey proves that animation has no limits—only infinite possibilities.