Where canines are worshipped

THE ENIGMATIC DOG TEMPLE OF CHANNAPATNA 

In the heart of Karnataka’s Ramanagara district, where Channapatna’s colorful wooden toys charm tourists and locals alike, lies a lesser-known yet deeply fascinating cultural gem—the Dog Temple of Agrahara Valagerehalli. Unassuming at first glance, this modest shrine is perhaps the only temple in India where canines, not deities in traditional form, are the revered protectors of the village.

A Shrine Born from Loyalty: The story of this unusual temple begins in 2010 when a local businessman named Ramesh, while overseeing the renovation of the nearby Kempamma Devi Temple, noticed something extraordinary. Two stray dogs began guarding the temple premises, standing watch day and night. Their presence became so integral that when they mysteriously vanished, villagers were both puzzled and disturbed.

Soon after, a devotee reported a divine dream: Goddess Kempamma had appeared, asking for a temple to be built in honor of the loyal dogs to safeguard the community. Heeding this spiritual plea, the villagers built a marble shrine adjacent to the main temple, featuring sculpted idols of the two canines who had once been its silent sentinels.

Rooted in Belief and Symbolism: In Hindu mythology, dogs hold significant symbolic weight. They are seen as the vahanas (vehicles) of Bhairava—a fierce form of Lord Shiva—and are also associated with Yama, the god of death. They represent loyalty, protection, and spiritual alertness. The Dog Temple of Channapatna doesn’t just honour animals; it reflects a deeper belief in the unseen guardians that walk among us.

A Ritual of Reverence: The temple may be small, but its cultural heartbeat is strong. Poojas (ritual prayers) are performed on Sundays, Mondays, and Thursdays, drawing both villagers and curious travelers. The annual Jatra Mahotsav in mid-August is a major event—an earthy, vibrant village festival that includes animal sacrifices, with the meat offered to local dogs as a gesture of gratitude and reverence.

Many dog lovers some with their pet dogs, visit the temple on regular basis. People visit the dog temple, for the naming ceremony of their pet dogs and pray for their well-being. 

More Than a Temple: While in Channapatna, visitors can explore its famed toy-making industry—an art form passed down through generations. It’s a fitting combination: a town that honors both the traditional and the unexpected, from handcrafted wooden toys to temples built for man’s best friend.

The fire-walking ritual of Shirgao Jatra

HOMKUND 

The Shirgao Jatra is one of Goa’s most intense and spiritually significant festivals, dedicated to Goddess Lairai, who is considered a powerful and fierce form of Goddess Parvati. The festival celebrates her victory over evil forces and is deeply rooted in local legend and folk traditions. It’s one of the most famous “jatras” (pilgrimages) in Goa, attracting thousands of devotees.

Location: Shirgao village, Bicholim taluka, North Goa.

Main Temple: Lairai Devi Temple, a revered site with a long history.

Deity: Goddess Lairai is worshipped as one of the seven sisters (Sateri, Kelbai, Mahamaya, Lairai, Morjai, Milagres, and Chamunda) — powerful local goddesses in Goan mythology.

Highlights of the Festival:

1. Agnidivya (Homkund) – The Fire-Walking Ritual is the most iconic part of the festival. Devotees known as Dhonds prepare for weeks with strict discipline and fasting. Around 3–4 a.m., after prayers and chanting, the dhonds walk barefoot across a long path of burning embers. This is seen as an act of faith, purification, and devotion to Lairai. Thousands gather to witness this awe-inspiring ritual, believed to grant spiritual merit and blessings.

2. Processions and Offerings: The deity is taken in a procession around the village. Devotees offer Jasmine (mogra) flowers, coconuts, incense, and light traditional oil lamps. Folk music, traditional Goan instruments, and chanting of bhajans fill the air.

3. Cultural Unity: Although rooted in Hindu tradition, the festival draws people from all communities, including Christians and Muslims, showing Goa’s deep interfaith harmony.

When is it Celebrated?

Usually held in late April or early May, on the full moon day (Vaishakh Shuddha Panchami). In 2025, it falls on May 2.

Strings that speak

THE TIMELESS ART OF PUPPETRY 

In a world dominated by screens and digital storytelling, the age-old charm of puppetry still holds its ground. From the vibrant Kathputlis of Rajasthan to the shadow puppets of Indonesia and the marionettes of Europe, puppets have enchanted audiences for centuries, weaving stories with strings, shadows, and spirited movements.

Puppetry is more than entertainment—it is a mirror to culture, tradition, and imagination. Across the globe, puppet shows have long served as a medium for folklore, moral lessons, political satire, and religious epics. Long before cinema and animation, puppeteers brought gods, kings, animals, and even demons to life on makeshift stages, captivating both young and old.

Tholu Bommalata 

There are many types of puppets: string (marionettes), hand, rod, shadow, and glove puppets, each with its own distinct method of operation and appeal. In India alone, different regions boast unique forms—like Tholu Bommalata from Andhra Pradesh (leather shadow puppetry) or Gombeyatta from Karnataka (rod puppets). Each style carries centuries of heritage, performed with live music, narration, and traditional costumes.

Gombeyatta 

Today, puppetry has expanded beyond folk art. It plays a role in education, therapy, and even political commentary. Modern puppeteers are blending technology with tradition, creating interactive performances and digital puppetry that preserve the soul of the art while reaching new audiences.

Yet, for all its evolution, the essence of puppetry remains unchanged: it's about storytelling through movement, voice, and heart. In the skilled hands of a puppeteer, a lifeless figure becomes a breathing character, speaking truths that resonate across time and culture.

As long as there are stories to tell and listeners to wonder, puppets will continue to dance, whisper, and sing—reminding us of the magic that lies in the simplest forms of expression.

World puppetry day is celebrated on March 21st.

A moment of pride

ODISHA’S KHAJA EARNS GLOBAL HONOUR 

Odisha's beloved traditional sweet, Khaja, has recently achieved international fame by being recognised among the world's best sweet pastries by TasteAtlas, a global food guide. This prestigious recognition places Khaja alongside legendary international confections like croissants and doughnuts, marking it as the only Indian sweet to feature in the top ten list.

What is Khaja?

Khaja is a centuries-old delicacy, deeply rooted in Odisha’s cultural and culinary heritage, especially associated with the sacred Jagannath Temple in Puri. The sweet is made from a simple yet rich combination of refined wheat flour, ghee, and sugar. The dough is meticulously rolled into thin layers, deep-fried until golden and crispy, and finally soaked in sugar syrup. The result is a flaky, crunchy, yet melt-in-the-mouth pastry that has delighted generations.

Cultural and Spiritual Significance: Beyond its delectable taste, Khaja holds immense spiritual importance. It forms an integral part of the 'Mahaprasad' — the sacred offering made to Lord Jagannath at the Puri temple. Devotees from across the world purchase Khaja as a blessed souvenir, believing it carries divine blessings. Its preparation is not just a culinary process but a tradition passed down through generations, maintaining its purity and sanctity.

Global Recognition: TasteAtlas praised Khaja for its unique preparation and cultural richness, highlighting how it stands out even amidst other Indian sweets. The platform also noted that Khaja is sometimes known as 'Pheni' and shares its revered space with other popular Indian pastries like Gujiya, Chiroti, and Karanji — but it is Khaja that made it to the world’s top rankings.

A Moment of Pride for Odisha: This international recognition not only celebrates the rich legacy of Khaja but also shines a spotlight on Odisha's culinary traditions, bringing them to a global audience. It is a proud moment for every Odia and a testament to the timeless appeal of this divine delicacy.

Where culture drapes itself in beauty

THE TIMELESS ELEGANCE OF THE SARI 

The sari, a traditional garment worn by women in India and many other South Asian countries, is more than just a piece of clothing; it is a symbol of culture, heritage, and timeless elegance. Draped gracefully around the body, the sari has been an integral part of the subcontinent's history for thousands of years, evolving through time while retaining its inherent charm and significance.

A Historical Perspective: The origins of the sari can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilization (circa 2800–1800 BCE), where ancient depictions of women in draped garments suggest early forms of this attire. Over the centuries, different regions of India have developed unique styles of draping the sari, influenced by local traditions, climate, and social customs. The art of weaving and dyeing saris has been passed down through generations, contributing to the vast diversity in patterns, colors, and fabrics.

Variety in Weaves and Styles: India is home to an astonishing array of saris, each reflecting the craftsmanship of its region. Some of the most well-known types include:

North India

Banarasi Sari (Uttar Pradesh): Rich silk fabric with intricate gold and silver brocade work.

Chikankari Sari (Lucknow, UP): Delicate hand embroidery on lightweight fabric.

Tussar Silk Sari (Bihar/Jharkhand): Natural texture silk with earthy tones.

West India

Bandhani Sari (Gujarat/Rajasthan): Vibrant tie-dye patterns, often worn in festive occasions.

Paithani Sari (Maharashtra): Heavy gold borders with peacock and floral motifs.

Patola Sari (Gujarat): Intricate double-ikat weaving, requiring expert craftsmanship.

South India

Kanjeevaram Sari (Tamil Nadu): Luxurious silk with bold colors and elaborate zari work.

Mysore Silk Sari (Karnataka): Lightweight silk known for its smooth finish.

Kasavu Sari (Kerala): White cotton sari with gold border, often worn during festivals.

East India

Baluchari Sari (West Bengal): Silk sari featuring mythological motifs in contrasting colors.

Tant Sari (West Bengal): Lightweight cotton sari, ideal for daily wear.

Sambalpuri Sari (Odisha): Handwoven ikat sari with intricate geometric patterns.

Each sari tells a story, woven with threads of tradition, artistry, and local identity.

Cultural and Traditional Significance: The sari is deeply woven into the cultural and traditional fabric of India. It is a garment that symbolises grace, modesty, and cultural pride, with its significance varying across different communities and occasions. Women wear saris in religious ceremonies, festivals, and rites of passage such as weddings and coming-of-age celebrations. The way a sari is draped can also signify a woman's regional background, marital status, or even social standing.

In many parts of India, certain colours and patterns hold symbolic meanings. Red is commonly worn by brides as a sign of prosperity and marital bliss, while white is traditionally associated with mourning and spirituality. The nine-yard sari (Nauvari inMaharashtra), or Madisaar, is an essential attire for Tamil Brahmin women during religious rituals, while the Assamese Mekhela Chador represents the rich textile heritage of Assam.

The sari is also seen as a bridge between the past and present, carrying forward centuries-old traditions while adapting to modern sensibilities. It continues to be an emblem of Indian femininity and elegance, embraced by women of all ages.

Modern Adaptations and Global Appeal: Despite the rapid modernisation of fashion, the sari continues to be a beloved garment, adapting to contemporary styles while maintaining its essence. Designers have experimented with innovative draping styles, fusion fabrics, and embellishments, making the sari a global fashion statement. Bollywood celebrities, international fashion designers, and influencers have played a significant role in keeping the sari relevant in today’s world.

Conclusion: The sari is not just a piece of clothing; it is a representation of India’s rich heritage, artistry, and evolving fashion sensibilities. Whether draped traditionally or styled in a modern way, it remains a garment of beauty and grace, celebrated across generations. Its timeless appeal ensures that the sari will continue to be an enduring symbol of elegance and cultural pride for years to come.

A colourful celebration

HOLI’S MYRIAD HUES

 Holi, the vibrant festival of colours, is celebrated with great enthusiasm across India and in many parts of the world. While most people are familiar with the colourful celebrations and the joyous spirit of Holi, there are several lesser-known facts about this festival that add to its rich cultural tapestry.

Ecological significance: While Holi is primarily a cultural and religious festival, it also has ecological significance. The Holika Dahan is traditionally performed using wood from specific trees that have medicinal properties. The heat from the bonfire is believed to purify the air and kill bacteria, which is particularly beneficial at the onset of spring when diseases are more likely to spread. This practice highlights the ancient wisdom of using natural elements for health and well-being.

Traditional colours: The colours used in Holi, known as "gulal" and "abir," were traditionally made from natural ingredients like flowers, herbs, and minerals. For instance, yellow was made from turmeric, red from flowers like kewada, and green from neem leaves. These natural colours were not only safe for the skin but also had therapeutic benefits. In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in using such natural colors to avoid the harmful effects of synthetic dyes.

Holi in different regions: Holi is celebrated differently in various regions of India, each with its own unique customs and traditions. In Mathura and Vrindavan, the birthplace of Lord Krishna, Holi is celebrated with great fervour and is known as "Lathmar Holi." Here, women playfully hit men with sticks, symbolising the playful acts of Radha and her friends with Krishna. In the state of Manipur, Holi is celebrated for six days and is known as "Yaoshang," where people build and burn a thatched hut to signify the burning of Holika.

Historical significance: Holi has been celebrated for centuries and has been metioned in ancient texts and inscriptions. The festival is described in the 7th-century Sanskrit drama "Ratnavali" by Harsha, and it is also depicted in ancient paintings and murals. This historical continuity highlights the enduring nature of Holi as a cultural and religious festival. 

Role of music and dance: Music and dance play a crucial role in Holi celebrations. Traditional songs, known as "Holi geet" or "Phagwah geet," are sung during the festival, often accompanied by instruments like the dhol and manjeera. These songs celebrate the love of Radha and Krishna and the joy ofspring. In some regions, there are specific dance forms associated with Holi, such as the "Dhamal" dance in Haryana, which is performed to the beats of the dhol.

Global influence: Holi has gained popularity worldwide with many countries adopting the festival's colorful and joyous spirit. In countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, Holi celebrations are becoming increasingly common, often organised by Indian communities and attended by people from diverse backgrounds. This global influence has also led to the creation of events like "colour run" a 5km race where participants are doused with coloured powder at various checkpoints. 

In art and literature: Holi has been a source of inspiration for many poets, writers, and artists. It has been depicted in numerous works of literature, paintings, and sculptures, capturing the essence of the festival's joy and vibrancy. The festival's themes of love, devotion, and the triumph of good over evil have been explored in various forms of art, making Holi a significant cultural symbol.

Post-Holi rituals: After the day of Holi, there are several post-festival rituals that are observed in different regions. In some parts of India, people apply sandalwood paste on their bodies to soothe the skin after being exposed to colours. In others, special sweets like gujiya and mathri are prepared and shared among family and friends. These rituals add a sense of closure to the festival and reinforce the bonds of community and family.

Holi is more than just a festival of colours; it is a celebration of life, love, and the triumph of good over evil. Its rich history, diverse traditions, and cultural significance make it a unique and cherished festival. As Holi continues to be celebrated across the world, it serves as a reminder of the power of joy, unity, and tradition in bringing people together. 

May there be plentiful of rice

ANNAM BAHU KURVITA

 

Rice was probably domesticated first in the Yangtze Basin in China around 7000 BCE. In the subcontinent, it is said to have been domesticated along the Ganga by 6000 BCE. By 3500 BCE, it spread to Southeast Asia.

Today, the grain is a staple for 65% of India's population. Its production, processing, and trading is a major employer across the country. There is a wondrous variety of rice cultivators too. For example, in the Kuttanad region of Kerala, it's uniquely cultivated below the sea level. It's also a global staple with a bigger market than wheat and hence is important for food security everywhere.

The cultivation and sanctity of rice is as old as Indian culture. Sita in the Rigveda means furrow. In the Ramayana, the childless Janaka finds a baby in the furrow and names her Sita. Ahalya created by Brahma means 'unploughed'. Rabindranath Tagore suggested that Rama's release of Ahalya from a stone probably refers to the reclamation of uncultivated land.

The plough was so sacred that kings made pacts by swearing on the plough, according to Kautilya. The Atharva Veda describes rice as a healing balm, the "sons of heaven who never die". The Taittiriya Upanishad says the Supreme Being or Purusha is formed of rice and that all that is born comes from, lives on land and merges into rice. The Mahabharata says there is no gift greater than rice, while the Bhagavad Gita reaffirms that all beings are formed of rice. Krishna gifts Draupadi an Akshaya Paatra, a bowl of limitless rice. 

Rice is symbolic of prosperity whose goddess is Lakshmi. Annapurna, holding a bowl of rice in one hand and a spoon in the other is the goddess of Kashi on the Ganga and worshipped all over the country. In Bengal, she is depicted as providing rice to Shiva and his assistants. Annalakshmi, created by Vishnu to ensure that humanity does not suffer from hunger, holds a sheaf of paddy in one hand and a rice bowl and spoon like Annapurna. Dhanyalakshmi has many arms and holds several sheaves of paddy and other grains. There are also local rice deities all over India. 

Ponni Amman is celebrated in northern Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh, depicted as a head placed on earth, which is her body. In Manipur, there is Phouoibi or lady of the paddy, for the Meitei people. Rice is also associated with male deities. Taittiriya Aranyaka describes Annadevata, the rice god, as the progenitor. According to Shatapatha Brahmana, rice originated from the body of Indra. 

Not just India, almost every East Asian country has a unique legend about how rice came to their land; communities in most of these countries pray to a benevolent rice deity. Dewi Shri, a Southeast Asian name for Sridevi or Lakshmi, is a Balinese, Javanese, and Sudanese Hindu goddess of rice and fertility, still widely worshipped in parts of Indonesia. She is two-armed, holding a spring of paddy in one hand, with the other in a gesture of giving. The stories of Dewi Shri are associated with the mythical origin of the rice plant. All useful plants essential for humans are said to have come from Dewi Shri's body. Traditional Javanese homes have a small shrine called pasrean or the place of Sri. Worshippers offer food and prayers to her so that she may grant the family health and prosperity.

Inari is a Japanese Shinto deity identified with the Buddhist Dakiniten who rides a white fox and protects rice cultivation. Mae Posop is the rice goddess of Thailand, a mother figure who provides food and is worshipped with offerings to ancestral shrines, the spirit of the land, or monks. In Laos, the story goes that when a farmer trapped a golden fish, the fish king gave rice to humans in exchange. Guanyin, the Chinese Avalokiteshvara, sent her dog down to earth during a great flood with rice clinging to its tail, which led her to be worshipped as a rice goddess.  Rice is such a vital staple in many societies that it's no surprise it has inspired so many legends.

Inari, Mae Posop, and Guanyin’s connection to rice all highlight the idea of divine beings ensuring food security and prosperity. The Laotian fish king story is interesting because it suggests a different origin—rice as a gift from an underwater realm. It’s similar to how some cultures see food as a divine exchange rather than just an agricultural product.

Rice is a part of living tradition. Many myths, oral histories, and ceremonies relate to it. From birth to death, all rituals in an Indian's life is associated with rice. As the prayer goes, 'Annam Bahu Kurvita', or may the rice be plentiful, for it's essential for our survival. Rice is a sacred thread woven through every stage of life. The phrase Annam Bahu Kurvita reflects the deep reverence for food in Indian traditions, where rice is more than sustenance; it’s a blessing, an offering, and a symbol of prosperity.

It’s fascinating how rice appears in everything from birth ceremonies (Annaprashan, the first feeding of rice) to wedding rituals and even funerary rites. The connection between rice and life itself shows how essential it is—not just physically but spiritually.

Strange grief ritual

FINGER AMPUTATION

Have you ever been so overcome with grief that you just need to cut off a piece of your finger? Hopefully not. But for the people of Dani Tribe, finger cutting is a typical mourning practice. 

Located in a remote area of Papua, New Guinea, the Dani are deeply attached to their customs --- even the ones that encourage detachment of body parts. When someone dies, the tribe will cut off a portion of every woman's finger who was close to the deceased. The more loss a woman experiences, the more she loses of herself, literally.

Before being amputated, the fingers are tied with a string for thirty minutes to numb them. Once amputated, the new fingertips are burned to create new scar tissue. Though now banned by the government, this custom, one of the world's most bizarre cultural practices, is still occasionally practiced by the tribe from time to time. It is a ritual performed to satisfy the ancestral ghosts and has been going on for many generations.

Though mostly applicable to older women, the practice sometimes goes down all the way to baby females who have the tips of their fingers bitten off in a similar ritual.

Pole used for communication

TOTEM POLE

Totem poles are large wooden poles that are beautifully carved with many symbols. The totem pole of the Red Indians, provided a means of communicating their stories, myths and legends. They were generally carved from giant trees and were made up of an arrangement of symbols. The symbols on the totem pole told a story or recalled an event. These messages and stories tell a lot about the Red Indians and their culture. 

Some poles were erected to celebrate cultural beliefs, others were just an artistic presentation. Certain poles also contained graves within them. But whatever their purpose, totem poles are awesome. 

Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

MAHA KUMBH 2025

The Maha Kumbh Mela, an integral part of Indian tradition, is renowned globally as the largest peaceful congregation of people. The festival is a testament to the human quest for divine and spiritual liberation, representing the belief in freedom from the continuous cycle of birth, death and rebirth. This gathering allows millions of devotees to immerse themselves in the holy waters of Ganga, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati, symbolising the purification of the soul and as believed, a path to attaining Moksha or liberation. 

The Amrut snan / Shahi snan (Royal bath) has gained global recognition. It is not just a religious gathering anymore; it has become a spectacle of faith, a cultural extravaganza, attracting not just devotees, but also tourists, researchers and international media. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has inscribed the Kumbh Mela on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, further elevating its status globally. 

The word Prayag has traditionally meant 'a confluence of rivers'. For Prayagraj, it denotes the physical meeting point of the Ganga and the Yamuna in the city. According to ancient belief a third river, the invisible Saraswati, also meets here with the Ganga and the Yamuna.  It is believed that Lord Brahma performed the very first sacrifice (yagya) at this place. 

Triveni sangam (or simply sangam) is a more frequently used name for the confluence. Prayagraj meaning the king of prayagas, is used as a term to indicate that this confluence is the most splendid one of the five sacred confluences in India - the holy grounds for the Kumbh. 

The Kumbh Mela is the largest and the most sacred fair of all which takes place once in 12 years at Prayagraj. This year it is being celebrated from January 13, 2025 to February 26, 2025. A sea of humanity lands up here for a dip in the rivers. The mega fair is a melting point of beliefs and ethnicities, drawing lakhs of Indians and foreigners alike. The people also come to seek spiritual solace.

According to legends , at the time of creation, the devas (gods) and asuras (demons) churned the ocean until the kumbh (pot) of amrit, the nectar of immortality, appeared. A fierce battle for the kumbh ensued, between the devas and asuras. During the 12 days (12 years in human life) struggle over the kumbh, four drops fell on earth, in four different places, and every three years there is a mela (festival) at one of these places to commemorate the devas’ victory in wresting the kumbh from the asuras. It is a victory of light over dark; truth over ignorance; positivity over negativity. 

Monday, January 13, marked the first day of 45­day long Maha Kumbh in Prayagraj, listed by UNESCO as the largest peaceful congregation of pilgrims on earth, where devotees walk miles to take a dip at 'Sangam', the convergence of the holy rivers Ganga and Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati. The fair is visited by Hindu ascetics, saints, ash­ smeared Naga Sadhus, skeleton­-donning, Aghoris and other pilgrims. It is expected to have a footfall of 450 million this year, nearly twice the population of Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous State. 

Kumbh, derived from a Sanskrit word which means a pitcher, is rotationally held every three years at the four riverside cities of Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain and Nasik. Its schedule is based on the planetary alignments mainly of that of Sun and Jupiter. The Ardh (half) is held every six years at Haridwar and Prayagraj while Purna (complete) Kumbh takes place in all four cities every 12 years. The Maha Kumbh happens after 12 Purna Kumbhs in Prayagraj, once in 144years and is considered the most auspicious. The central ritual of the fair remains bathing in icy cold waters of the sacred rivers where millions immerse themselves with the belief that the act will cleanse them of their sins and liberate them from the cycle of birth and death and will attain spiritual liberation. 

Why they matter

FAMILY TRADITIONS

In an age dominated by technology and the hustle of modern life, family traditions serve as an anchor, connecting us to our roots and fostering a sense of belonging. These traditions — whether grand or simple — play a crucial role in shaping positive family dynamics, creating memories, and imparting values to younger generations. 

Foundation for connection: Family traditions, no matter how small, strengthen family bonds. They provide opportunities to come together, share experiences, and celebrate unity. For instance, in many households, festivals like Diwali, Christmas, Eid, etc, are more than just occasions — they are a time for families to come together, perform rituals, and share meals. These moments teach you the importance of togetherness and allow you witness familial bonds. This annual ritual not only reinforces our faith but also creates a space where the entire family reunites — sharing stories, praying and enjoying meals together. 

Passing values: Traditions are a perfect way to instil values in children. While textbooks might teach you about cultural heritage, witnessing and participating in traditions leaves a lasting impact. For example, when you see the family sit down for a meal, keeping their devices away, you learn about the importance of undistracted communication and prioritising relationships over technology. These traditions are more than rituals — they are values in action. By involving in such practices, you learn to respect, express gratitude, and experience the joy of giving. Over time, these values become ingrained, shaping your character and worldview. 

Sense of belonging: In today’s fast-paced world, where devices often replace face-to-face interactions, family traditions offer a much needed respite. They create a sense of belonging, reminding you that they are a part of something bigger than yourselves. A shared tradition, like a festive puja or a simple weekend family meal, reinforces this connection. It provides a sense of identity, helping you understand where you come from and giving a foundation to build your own life.

Creating memories: An amazing part of family traditions is that it offers a chance to create memories. Each time a family comes together for a festival, a game night, or even a weekly Sunday brunch, they add to a pool of cherished moments. These memories become a source of comfort and happiness for you as you grow up. 

Modern challenges: It’s easy to lose touch with family customs amidst the distractions of daily, busy schedules. This is why it’s essential to preserve traditions. They are a reminder of where we come from and provide solace in an ever-changing world. 

Legacy: Whether it’s a religious celebration, a cultural custom, or even a unique family ritual, every tradition is a thread that ties one generation to the next. They enable you to pass down stories, customs, and values to the next generation. This continuity creates a legacy that stands the test of time.

TRADITIONS AROUND THE WORLD

 Christmas Symbols

Christmas has its traditional symbols-Santa, presents, a decorated tree and carols. Some countries, however, have different symbols. Here are some of them:

Sweden: The Yule Goat has been a Swedish Christmas symbol, dating back to ancient pagan festivals. However, in 1966, the tradition got a whole new life after someone came up with the idea to make a giant straw goat, now referred to as the Gävle Goat. According to the official website, the goat is more than 42 feet high, 23 feet wide, and weighs 3.6 tons. Each year, the massive goat is constructed in the same spot. Fans can even watch a livestream from the first Sunday of Advent until after the New Year when it is taken down.

Philippines: Every year, the city of San Fernando holds Ligligan Parul (or Giant Lantern Festival) featuring dazzling parols (lanterns) that symbolize the Star of Bethlehem. Each parol consists of thousands of spinning lights that illuminate the night sky. The festival has made San Fernando the "Christmas Capital of the Philippines".

Iceland: For 13 days, each night before Christmas, Icelandic children are visited by the 13 Yule Lads. Children place their shoes by the window. In the morning, they'll either have received candy (if they're good) or be greeted with shoes full of rotten potatoes if they're bad!

Norway: Their Christmas season, called "julebord", begins on December 3. Norwegians celebrate in bars and restaurants throughout the month. December 23 is called Little Christmas, and rituals include making a gingerbread house, and eating risengrynsgrøt (hot rice pudding).

Holland: Sinterklaas is the Dutch name for Saint Nicholas, the man recognized by children for his long white beard, red cape, and red miter. Children put a shoe by the back door and wake up on Christmas morning to find treats like gingerbread men, marzipan, and chocolate letters.

Austria: The alpine country has a legend that a devil-like creature called Krampus joins their St. Nicholas festivities on December 6. Children are asked for a list of their good and bad deeds: Children who have been good over the year are rewarded with sweets, apples, and nuts, while children considered bad could get a rude surprise from Krampus on Christmas morning.

DO YOU KNOW

Why do we build snowmen?

Building snowmen has been a winter pastime for centuries, especially around Christmas when snowy landscapes feel magical and festive. The tradition of crafting figures out of snow dates back to medieval Europe, where people embraced this chilly, artistic fun. One of the earliest records of a snowman appears in 1380 manuscript called the Book of Hours, showing that building snow figures has a long and frosty history!

During the Renaissance, snowmen became a way to showcase creativity, as artists sculpted elaborate snow figures to impress their communities. In the Netherlands, entire villages would come together to build "snow families" for celebration, turning the snowy streets into mini art galleries. 

Interestingly, snowmen also gained popularity during hard winters when snow was in abundance. It was free, plentiful and perfect for shaping into cheery figures, giving people a way to express their holiday spirit. By the 19th century, snowmen became a Christmas tradition worldwide, thanks to illustrated Christmas cards and stories featuring cheerful snowmen that captured imaginations and spread joy. 

A snowman once stood in a row, with a carrot for a nose, all aglow. Kids laughed and they played, until he started to fade - then he vanished with one final throw!

So next time you build a snowman, remember- you're part of a festive tradition that spans centuries!

TO PROTECT TREES IN WINTER

Wool or thread bombing

Trees in the cold? Koreans knit blankets to protect trees from low temperatures. Since ancient times, in traditional Korean culture, trees were considered more than just an earthly plant; they were sacred trees. 

Also, South Korea is one of the many countries that live through the four seasons of the year and in December they have to go through the really cold winter season. 

For this reason, a community of elderly people in “Jeongdong-gil” have a wonderful custom every winter. It is a practice in which the elderly take their needles and knitting elements to make blankets or coats that they wrap around the trunks of the trees. This art, also known as “wool or thread bombing,” initially sought only to recover the trees and personalise sterile or cold public places, but now it has advanced as a positive influence to recover traditional arts such as knitting and crocheting and with it, to care for and shelter their trees in busy avenues with a lot of pollution. 

Likewise, when Korean trees are sick, they are treated with serums that are injected into them through plastic containers so that they can drink from them over time and recover in the spring and summer.

COLLECTION OF STORIES IN BUDDHIST LITERATURE

Jatakas or Jataka tales

The Jatakas, also known as Jataka tales, are a collection of stories in Buddhist literature that recount the previous lives of Gautama Buddha, who later became the historical Buddha. According to Buddhist tradition, these tales illustrate moral lessons and ethical principles through the experiences of the Buddha in his various incarnations. The Jatakas portray the Buddha in different roles, such as animals, kings, merchants and ordinary people, demonstrating virtues like compassion, generosity and wisdom. 

These stories service as moral guides, emphasising the importance of virtues and ethical conduct in one's journey towards enlightenment. The Jatakas are significant religious texts in Buddhism and valuable cultural and literary heritage, influencing art, literature and moral teachings across various Buddhist traditions and cultures. 

HEALING THOUGH SOUND

Gong Bath

Gong Bath, also known as gong meditation or sound healing, is a spiritual practice that originated in ancient cultures, with roots in Himalayan and Southeast Asian traditions. 

Used by indigenous communities and spiritual practitioners for thousands of years, the practice involves the use of resonant sounds produced by gongs, crystal bowls, and other instruments. 

Participants lie down in a relaxed position while a practitioner plays gongs, creating vibrational sound waves that envelop the listener, evoking a state of deep relaxation and altered consciousness. 

The significance of a gong bath lies in its ability to calm the mind, reduce stress, and foster self-awareness. 

The sound frequencies resonate with the body’s own energy, encouraging a meditative state and, often, emotional release. 

Many practitioners believe it aligns the body’s vibrations with the natural frequency of the Earth, known as the Schumann Resonance, facilitating a feeling of interconnectedness. 

The benefits of gong baths are wide-ranging, from promoting relaxation and relieving tension to aiding sleep and reducing anxiety. 

Additionally, sound healing is believed to stimulate healing processes, detoxify the body, and enhance mental clarity, making it a popular practice in holistic wellness and spiritual development.

ILLUMINATING INNER SELF

Celebrating festival of lights - Diwali 

Though the festival of light is celebrated by Hindus, Sikhs and Jains over their respective beliefs, Diwali generally commemorates the triumph of light over darkness or wisdom over ignorance. More than that, the festival symbolises dispelling of one's inner darkness and getting rid of negative thoughts. 

प्रसादे सर्वदु:खानां हानिरस्योपजायते|

प्रसन्नचेतसो ह्याशु बुद्धि: पर्यवतिष्ठते||

When a man attains peace, all sorrow and suffering caused by the unbalanced mind and rebellious senses come to an end. By peace and purity, the mind is soon fixed in the Self.

The above verse from the Bhagavad Gita explains that when the mind is freed from impure impulses, the aim of spiritual life is achieved. Just as in a clean mirror the reflection is perfectly clear, even so in the purified mind the Self shines forth in its own splendour and glory.

As the festival of light Diwali comes closer, we start “cleaning” every nook and cranny of of our house. 

But there’s one more aspect which we ignore. Physical cleaning is no doubt necessary, but cleansing your innerself is equally important because God resides only in pure sparkling hearts. Eliminating negative feelings, thoughts, and painful pasts brings joy, happiness, and enlightenment. Cluttered inner space creates feelings of burden and stress, similar to a cluttered house. We don’t even know what occupies that particular space until and unless we clean them both – ourselves and the house. So, Diwali is not just a festival of bursting crackers and decorating houses; it is a celebration of the divine within each individual. It is a time to reflect on one’s inner light and strive for spiritual growth. The rituals and traditions associated with Diwali help individuals connect with their spiritual selves and deepen their understanding.

In history, legends: 

Apart from the return of Lord Rama from 14-year-long Vanavas, Pandavas from 12-year exile, and Puja, there are several other legends and stories associated with the celebration of Diwali.

Here’s a look at a few of them.

Rebirth of Goddess Lakshmi: Lakshmi, the goddess of fortune, holds a significant place in the celebrations of Diwali. According to the legend, there was a time when God Indra’s arrogance led Lakshmi to depart from the divine realm and take refuge in the milky ocean. Her absence plunged the world into darkness, and the gods were determined to bring her back. After churning the milky ocean (Samudra Manthan) for over thousand years, Goddess Lakshmi was eventually reborn. She emerged from the depths, seated gracefully on a magnificent lotus flower, once again bestowing her blessings of prosperity and good fortune upon the world.

Triumph over Narakasura: In the southern regions of India, the story of Lord Krishna’s triumph over demon king Narakasura has a special place in the celebrations of Diwali. Narakasura had a blessing from Lord Brahma that he could only be vanquished by the hand of his mother. Narakasura was born from earth. However, Narakasura was very sure that she would never harm him. Interestingly, his mother was reborn as Krishna’s wife, Satyabhama (incarnation of bhoodevi i.e. prithvi). When Narakasura severely injured Krishna during a battle, Satyabhama ultimately dealt the fatal blow to Narakasura. In his final moments, Narakasura requested a boon from Satyabhama that everyone should celebrate his death with colourful lights. Thus, this day is celebrated as Naraka Chaturdashi - the beginning day of Diwali.

Mahavira’s Nirvana: While the previous legends come from Hindu mythology, Jains have their own reason to celebrate Diwali. Lord Mahavira, a contemporary of Gautama Buddha, reached enlightenment at the time of Diwali in the 6th century BCE, around the time of the first historical records of the festival’s observation. His achievement of nirvana serves as the primary reason why Jains celebrate Diwali.

Guru Hargobind’s release from prison: Sikhs also hold their own version of Diwali known as Bandi Chhor Divas. InSikhism, on this date, the sixteenth Guru, Guru Hargobind was released from the imprisonment of the Mughal king, Jehangir. It is also a time of year during which all Sikhs traditionally gather to receive guru blessings and has been observed as a Sikh festival since the 16th-century.

A SPOOKY CELEBRATION

Halloween

Halloween is a fun and spooky holiday celebrated on the night of October 31st. It’s a time when children and adults dress up in costumes, go trick-or-treating, and have lots of fun with eerie decorations. But do you know where Halloween comes from and why we celebrate it? Let’s dive into the world of Halloween and find out!

The Origins of Halloween: 

Halloween has a fascinating history that dates back over 2,000 years. Its roots can be traced to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, which marked the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter. The Celts believed that on the night of October 31st, the boundary between the living and the dead became blurred. They would light bonfires and wear costumes to ward off evil spirits.

Trick-or-Treating:
One of the most exciting parts of Halloween for kids is trick-or-treating. Children dress up in costumes and visit houses in their neighbourhood, knocking on doors and shouting, “Trick or Treat!” People give them sweets and treats to prevent any tricks from being played on them. It’s all in good fun, and kids often collect a big bag of candy on Halloween night.

Spooky Decorations:
Halloween wouldn’t be the same without creepy decorations. Houses and gardens are adorned with carved pumpkins, also known as Jack-o’-Lanterns. These are pumpkins with scary faces lit up from the inside by a candle or a light. They are said to ward off evil spirits and add a spooky atmosphere to the celebration.

Dressing Up in Costumes:
Another exciting aspect of Halloween is choosing and wearing costumes. Children and adults love to transform themselves into spooky or funny characters. You can be anything you like, from a ghost to a superhero or even your favourite movie character. It’s a chance to let your imagination run wild!

Haunted Houses and Ghost Stories:
You might hear spooky ghost stories and tales of haunted places as Halloween approaches. Many people enjoy visiting haunted houses for a good scare. Some even believe that on Halloween, the spirits of the dead return to visit their old homes.

Halloween Around the World:
While Halloween is most popular in the United States, it’s celebrated in various forms in many countries. In India, for example, there are similar traditions during the days of the dead, and people light lamps and candles to honour their ancestors.

In Conclusion:

Halloween is a spooktacular holiday filled with fun and excitement. It has ancient origins, and today, it’s a time for children and adults to dress up in costumes, go trick-or-treating, and enjoy spooky decorations. Whether you believe in ghosts or enjoy the sweet treats, Halloween is a time to celebrate with friends and family.

A TRADITIONAL GOAN DELICACY

Patoleo

Pataleo, a traditional Goan delicacy, is a sweet and savoury dish that holds a special place in the hearts and palates of Goans. Made primarily during monsoon season on festivals such as Nag Panchami, Chaturthi and also on Feasts, this steamed dish is a labour of love, reflecting Goa's rich culinary heritage. 

The key ingredient in Patoleo is turmeric leaves, which lend a distinct aroma and flavour to the dish. The filling consists of a sweet and sticky mixture of coconut, jaggery and rice flour, often flavoured with cardamom or other spices. The mixture is carefully wrapped in the turmeric leaves, creating small, rectangular parcels. 

After being neatly folded, these parcels are steamed to perfection, resulting in a delightful blend of sweet and savoury flavours. Patoleo is a testament to Goa's cultural diversity and the influence of Konkani traditions on its cuisines. It is equally relished by all, irrespective of religion and culture. It’s not a dish; it’s a culinary masterpiece that connects generations and preserves the unique flavours of Goa's past.

CELEBRATING THE LORD OF THE MASSES

Ganesh Chaturthi

Ganesh Chaturthi is a Hindu festival that celebrates the arrival of Lord Ganesha. 

It is celebrated in August or September every year for one and a half, five, seven days extending upto 21 days. This festival is about Lord Ganesha, the elephant-headed deity, and his arrival on earth with his mother from Mount Kailash. The festival begins by bringing Lord Ganesh's statue/murti and installing it in homes or publically. Goddess Parvati is also worshipped during this time. Festival ends when the murti is immersed in a water body like a lake or ocean, also known as visarjan. It is said that after visarjan, both return to Mount Kailash.

Lord Ganesha is the first God worshiped before new beginnings, big or small. This depicts how important he is and how auspicious his presence is. He is referred to as the "lord of an invocation," "guardian of the multitudes," "god of success," "god of intelligence," and "obstacle remover." "Gana" means "people;" therefore, he is called Ganapati or Ganesh, meaning "lord of the masses."

The festival begins days before its actual dates as people start prepping and gathering items to worship Lord Ganesha. Some buy the murti, and some make it on their own. The house is cleaned before bringing Ganpati home, and the place where the murti is kept is decorated with flowers and colourful decorative items. On the day of the installation, Lord Ganesha is brought home, and his idol is installed with music, dance, happiness, joy, and devotion. Bhajans (holy songs) and aartis (holy chants) are sung twice daily.

Prashad (offerings) are made and offered to Ganpati, and every food item he loves is prepared and offered and then distributed to friends, family, and other people. Modaks and Ladoos are his favorite food items. The date of Ganesh Chaturthi depends on the Chaturthi Tithi. Ganesh Chaturthi is observed on the day of Chaturthi Tithi of Bhadrapad month.

It is said that on the day of visarjan, "Vighnaharta" (the one who takes all the problems away) takes all the obstacles, problems, and sorrow with him and leaves behind happiness, prosperity, and abundance.

Lord Ganesha has many names and has meaning and story behind each one. So let me tell you the story behind his name "Ekdanta," meaning "one toothed." Lord Ganesha has only one tooth. Although he had two, he had to take one out. And the story behind that will blow your minds.

In scriptures, Sage Vyas was asked to write an epic for which he needed someone intelligent. Sage Vyas requested Lord Shiva to help him with the scripture. Lord Shiva asked Lord Ganesha to write the script. But before Sage Vyas began dictating and Lord Ganesha started writing, Sage Vyas insisted that Lord Ganesha would write every word, every hymn only if he understood its meaning. In return, Lord Ganesha put a condition that Sage Vyas must dictate continuously, without any break and if he paused and Lord Ganesha had to halt his pen, he would not resume writing. The process went on for months. Lord Ganesha wrote without missing a single word and its meaning; he knew every word and hymn, which is why he is called the "god of intelligence." When they were in the process of writing, Lord Ganesha ran out of pens, so he pulled out one of his tusks to finish the process. And this is the reason why he is called Ekdanta.

There are so many tales of Lord Ganesha that will bedazzle you and force you to learn more about him.