A Legacy of Faith, Harmony and Nation-Building

THE PARSI COMMUNITY 

The Parsi community is one of the smallest minority communities in India, yet its contribution to the nation’s progress is extraordinary. Known for integrity, philanthropy, discipline, and a progressive outlook, the Parsis have preserved an ancient religious heritage while playing a vital role in shaping modern India.

Origin and Migration to India:

Parsis are followers of Zoroastrianism, one of the world’s oldest monotheistic religions, founded by Prophet Zarathustra (Zoroaster) in ancient Persia (present-day Iran) about 3,500 years ago.

In the 7th century CE, Persia faced Arab invasions, leading to religious persecution of Zoroastrians. To safeguard their faith and way of life, many Zoroastrians migrated by sea and reached the western coast of India.

The Story of Sugar in Milk: Settlement in Gujarat

According to tradition, the Parsis landed at Sanjan in Gujarat between the 8th and 10th centuries CE. The region was ruled by King Jadi Rana.

When the Parsis requested permission to settle, the king is believed to have presented them with a bowl filled to the brim with milk, indicating that his kingdom had no space for newcomers. In response, the Parsi priest gently added sugar to the milk without spilling it, signifying that the Parsis would blend peacefully with society and enrich it without causing disturbance.

Impressed by their wisdom, humility, and peaceful intent, King Jadi Rana allowed the Parsis to settle, on the condition that they would:

● Adopt the local language (Gujarati)

● Respect local customs

● Live harmoniously with the local population

This symbolic episode reflects the Parsis’ values of adaptation, gratitude, and coexistence.

Religion and Core Beliefs: 

Parsis follow Zoroastrianism, which worships Ahura Mazda, the supreme god of truth and wisdom. The religion is guided by three eternal principles:

● Good Thoughts

● Good Words

● Good Deeds

Fire, symbolising purity and divine light, is sacred. Parsis worship in Fire Temples (Agiaries) where a sacred fire burns continuously.

Language, Culture and Festivals: 

Over time, Parsis adopted Gujarati as their spoken language while retaining Avestan for religious scriptures. Today, English is also widely used.

Important Parsi festivals include:

● Nowruz – Parsi New Year

● Khordad Sal – Birth anniversary of Prophet Zarathustra

● Gahambars – Seasonal thanksgiving festivals

Parsi cuisine is distinct, combining Persian and Indian flavours, with popular dishes such as Dhansak, Patra ni Machhi, and Sali Boti.

Social Customs and Way of Life:

Parsis are known for their modern outlook, strong emphasis on education, charity, and gender equality. Parsi women traditionally enjoy high social status and independence.

A unique funeral custom followed by the community is Dokhmenashini, in which the dead are placed in the Towers of Silence, allowing nature to complete the cycle of life.

Eminent Parsi Personalities Who Contributed to India’s Progress:

Despite their small population, Parsis have produced many national icons:

Jamsetji Tata – Founder of the Tata Group; pioneer of Indian industry

Sir Dadabhai Naoroji – Freedom fighter; first Indian member of the British Parliament

Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha – Father of India’s nuclear programme

Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw – India’s first Field Marshal; hero of the 1971 war

J. R. D. Tata – Aviation pioneer; founder of Air India

Ratan Tata – Visionary industrialist and philanthropist; former Chairman of Tata Sons, who expanded the Tata Group globally while upholding ethics, social responsibility, and nation-first values

Zubin Mehta – World-renowned orchestra conductor

Boman Irani – Eminent actor of Indian cinema

Present-Day Challenges

Today, the Parsi population in India is declining due to low birth rates and migration. The community and the government have initiated programmes to preserve Parsi heritage, traditions, and population.

Do You Know?

● Parsis were among the first communities in India to promote women’s education.

● Mumbai became the cultural and economic centre of the Parsi community.

● The sugar-in-milk story remains a powerful symbol of peaceful coexistence in Indian history.

Conclusion

The journey of the Parsi community—from refugees seeking shelter to pioneers of India’s progress—is truly inspiring. Through faith, humility, hard work, and service to society, the Parsis have enriched India far beyond their numbers. Their legacy, strengthened by leaders like Ratan Tata, continues to inspire generations and stands as a shining example of unity in diversity.

The Cultural Soul of Rajasthan

KALBELIYA 

The Kalbeliya community (also spelled Kalbelia) is a traditional nomadic community of Rajasthan, India. They are best known for their vibrant folk dance and music, which reflect a deep connection with nature—especially snakes. The Kalbeliya people form an important part of Rajasthan’s rich cultural heritage and have gained global recognition for preserving their traditional art forms.

The word Kalbeliya (Kalbelia) is closely linked to the traditional occupation and belief system of the community, but its meaning comes more from oral tradition than written etymology.

Meaning of Kalbeliya

The term “Kal” is commonly associated with poison or deadly substance in Indian languages.

“Beliya / Belia” is believed to refer to a container, bowl, or carrier, traditionally used for holding snake venom or snakes.

Kalbeliya therefore roughly means:

“Those associated with poison” or “people who handle poison (snake venom)”.

Cultural Interpretation

The name reflects the community’s historical role as snake handlers and venom experts.

It also connects to their spiritual belief that their ancestors, followers of Guru Kanifnath, possessed special powers to withstand poison.

Origin and Background

The Kalbeliya community originated in the Thar Desert region of Rajasthan. Traditionally, they lived a nomadic life, moving from village to village in search of livelihood. Their identity and lifestyle were closely linked to snakes, which played a central role in their social, cultural, and spiritual practices.

Historical Background of the Kalbeliya Community

The history of the Kalbeliya community is largely preserved through oral traditions passed down from generation to generation. Historically, they are believed to be associated with the Nath sect, an ancient Shaivite spiritual tradition linked to saints such as Guru Gorakhnath and Kanifnath.

According to community belief, their ancestors were followers of Guru Kanifnath, who was believed to possess spiritual powers, including resistance to poison. This belief laid the foundation for the community’s traditional occupation of snake handling and healing.

For centuries, Kalbeliyas served rural society as snake catchers, venom handlers, and healers for snake bites, which were common in desert regions. During the rule of Rajput kings and local rulers, they were allowed to move freely across regions and were compensated with food grains, clothing, or small payments for their services and performances.

During British rule, nomadic communities like the Kalbeliyas faced restrictions and social neglect. Their traditional systems gradually weakened due to changing laws and attitudes.

A major turning point came after Independence with the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, which banned the catching and keeping of snakes. This law ended their centuries-old profession and forced the community to adapt to new livelihoods, marking a significant shift in their history.

Traditional Occupation

For generations, the Kalbeliya people were snake charmers. They caught snakes, handled venom, and possessed traditional knowledge of curing snake bites. This occupation was not only their source of income but also a key part of their cultural identity.

After the ban on snake handling, the community gradually shifted to folk performances, agriculture, animal rearing, and daily wage work, while continuing to preserve their traditional knowledge through music and dance.

Types within the Kalbeliya Community:

The Kalbeliya community is not uniform and includes different clan-based and regional groups. These are not rigid castes but social divisions mainly related to marriage and customs.

Clan-based groups (Gotras):

Common clans include Sapera, Jogiya, Kanifnathi, Nath, and Bawariya. Marriage generally takes place outside one’s own clan.

Occupational distinctions:

Traditionally, some families specialised in snake handling and healing, while others focused on music and dance.

Regional variations:

Kalbeliyas living in regions such as Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Ajmer, and Pali show slight differences in dress, music, and dance styles.

Despite these divisions, the community shares a strong collective identity.

Culture and Oral Traditions

The Kalbeliya community has a rich oral tradition. Their folk songs are not written but memorised and passed down orally. These songs often narrate stories related to:

● Daily life and struggles

● Love and devotion

● Folklore and mythology

● Nature and desert life

Their culture reflects simplicity, resilience, and strong community bonding.

Kalbeliya Dance: A Symbol of Grace

The Kalbeliya dance is the most famous cultural expression of the community. Performed mainly by women, the dance is inspired by the graceful movements of snakes. It involves swift spins, flexible body movements, and rhythmic footwork, making it visually captivating.

Costume and Music: 

Women wear flowing black ghagras decorated with mirror work and colourful embroidery.

Men accompany the dance by playing traditional instruments such as the pungi, been, dholak, and khanjari.

The music is lively, rhythmic, and often improvised.

UNESCO Recognition:

In 2010, the Kalbeliya folk songs and dances of Rajasthan were inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This recognition brought international attention to the community and highlighted the importance of preserving India’s traditional art forms.

A Famous Kalbeliya Dancer:

One of the most renowned Kalbeliya dancers is Gulabo Sapera.

She is an internationally acclaimed artist who played a key role in taking Kalbeliya dance to global platforms. In 2016, she was awarded the Padma Shri for her contribution to folk dance. Beyond performance, she is known for promoting education and empowerment, especially among women of the Kalbeliya community.

Religious Beliefs and Customs:

The Kalbeliya community follows unique customs:

● They traditionally bury their dead instead of cremation.

● Snakes are considered sacred and are worshipped.

● Festivals such as Nag Panchami hold special importance.

Present-Day Challenges: 

Despite global recognition, many Kalbeliya families continue to face challenges such as poverty, limited access to education, and social marginalisation. However, cultural festivals, tourism, and government initiatives have opened new opportunities in education and cultural employment.

Significance of the Kalbeliya Community:

The Kalbeliya community stands as a living example of how traditional knowledge and cultural heritage can survive and adapt in changing times. Their music and dance are not merely entertainment but powerful expressions of identity, history, and harmony with nature.

Did You Know?

● Kalbeliya dance movements are inspired by the movement of snakes.

● The dance is performed at major cultural festivals in India and abroad.

● Kalbeliya women traditionally stitch and decorate their own costumes.

The Fluffy Sweet That Melts in the Mouth

COTTON CANDY 

Cotton candy is one of the most delightful and eye-catching sweets in the world. Light as a cloud and sweet as a dream, this colorful treat instantly brings joy to children and adults alike. Commonly seen at fairs, festivals, circuses, and amusement parks, cotton candy is more than just a sweet—it is a symbol of celebration and childhood happiness.

What Is Cotton Candy?

Cotton candy is a spun sugar confection made by heating sugar until it melts and then spinning it at high speed. The molten sugar is forced through tiny holes, where it cools instantly in the air and solidifies into fine, hair-like strands. These delicate sugar threads are collected on a stick or cone, forming a fluffy mass that looks like cotton—hence the name cotton candy.

A Brief History: Cotton candy was first introduced in the late 19th century. Interestingly, it was invented by a dentist, Dr. William Morrison, along with confectioner John C. Wharton. They showcased it at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis under the name “Fairy Floss.” The treat became hugely popular and soon spread across the world, acquiring different names in different countries.

Different Names Around the World

Cotton candy is known by various names across cultures:

● Fairy Floss – Australia and parts of Europe

● Candy Floss – United Kingdom

● Zuckerwatte – Germany

● Barbe à papa (Daddy’s beard) – France

● Buddhi ke Baal – India

Each name reflects the light, fluffy appearance of this sweet treat.

Why Does Cotton Candy Melt So Fast?

One of the most fascinating features of cotton candy is how quickly it melts in the mouth. This happens because it is made almost entirely of sugar with a lot of air trapped between the strands. When it touches saliva, the sugar dissolves instantly, leaving behind a burst of sweetness.

Is Cotton Candy Unhealthy?

Cotton candy is pure sugar, so it should be enjoyed in moderation. While it contains fewer calories by volume compared to many dense sweets, it has no vitamins, minerals, or fibre. Eating it occasionally as a treat is fine, but it should not be a regular part of one’s diet.

Cotton Candy in Popular Culture: Cotton candy often appears in movies, cartoons, and storybooks as a symbol of fun, fairs, and carefree childhood moments. Its bright colours—pink, blue, purple, and even rainbow shades—make it visually appealing and Instagram-worthy in modern times.

Do You Know? 

● Cotton candy is about 90% air, which makes it look big but weigh very little.

● A large serving of cotton candy usually contains only one tablespoon of sugar.

● Cotton candy machines can spin sugar at speeds of over 3,000 revolutions per minute.

● Though it looks like a lot, cotton candy often has fewer calories than a chocolate bar.

Conclusion: Cotton candy is a magical sweet that combines science, art, and joy. From its cloud-like appearance to its instant melt-in-the-mouth experience, it continues to charm people of all ages. Whether enjoyed at a village fair or a modern carnival, cotton candy remains a timeless symbol of happiness and celebration.

The Okinawan Secret to a Long, Healthy Life

HARA HACHI BU 

In a world where fast food, oversized portions, and hurried meals have become the norm, the ancient wisdom of Okinawa offers a refreshing reminder of how eating less can actually help us live more. One of the most fascinating practices from this Japanese island—famous for having some of the longest-living people on Earth—is the principle of Hara Hachi Bu. This simple phrase carries a deep message that has shaped the lifestyle and longevity of the Okinawan people for generations.

What Does “Hara Hachi Bu” Mean?

The term comes from Japanese:

Hara – stomach

Hachi – eight

Bu – part or portion

Together, Hara Hachi Bu translates to “eat until you are eight parts full,” or simply, “stop eating when you are 80% full.”

Rather than eating until the stomach is completely filled, Okinawans follow the discipline of leaving some room, both physically and mentally, after a meal.

This is more than just a diet tip—it is a philosophy of mindful living.

The Cultural Roots of Hara Hachi Bu: Okinawa is one of the world’s Blue Zones—regions where people commonly live past 100 years. For Okinawans, food is not just fuel; it is deeply connected with gratitude, inner balance, and respect for the body.

Before meals, many Okinawans recite a short prayer that includes the words “Hara Hachi Bu”, reminding themselves to eat mindfully and in moderation. Over centuries, this simple practice shaped their community into one of the healthiest on Earth.

Why Do They Stop at 80% Full?

Modern science supports this traditional habit. Here’s why Hara Hachi Bu works so effectively:

1. Prevents Overeating

The human brain takes about 20 minutes to register fullness. When we stop at 80%, we give our body time to balance hunger and satisfaction, avoiding unnecessary calories.

2. Supports Healthy Weight

Okinawans typically consume fewer calories than most people in developed nations. This naturally helps maintain healthy body weight without strict diets.

3. Reduces Stress on the Body

Overeating forces the body to work harder. Eating in moderation reduces the workload on digestive organs, metabolism, and even the heart.

4. Promotes Longevity

Researchers believe that lower calorie intake slows down cellular ageing, reduces inflammation, and lowers risk of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart problems.

5. Encourages Mindful Eating

By eating slowly and attentively, Okinawans savour their food and build a harmonious relationship with it instead of treating meals as rushed tasks.

How Okinawans Practise Hara Hachi Bu

Hara Hachi Bu is not a diet plan—it is a daily routine woven naturally into life. Here is how Okinawans integrate this philosophy:

● Eating slowly and chewing thoroughly helps them notice when they reach 80% fullness.

● Using smaller bowls and plates naturally limits portion size.

● Focusing on nutrient-rich traditional foods such as vegetables, tofu, seaweed, sweet potatoes, and fish.

● Pausing between bites gives the body time to respond to food.

● Stopping before feeling heavy or stuffed, trusting the body’s gentle signals.

Benefits of Following Hara Hachi Bu

Adopting this simple practice can lead to remarkable improvements in everyday life:

● Better digestion and less bloating

● Improved metabolism

● Higher energy levels throughout the day

● Healthy weight management

● Reduced risk of chronic diseases

● A calmer, more mindful approach to eating

Even though Hara Hachi Bu is centuries old, it aligns beautifully with modern health advice.

How You Can Apply This Wisdom in Daily Life

You don’t have to live in Okinawa to enjoy the benefits of Hara Hachi Bu. Here are a few easy ways to try it:

● Serve smaller portions.

● Eat slowly and without distractions.

● Stop eating at the first sign of comfort—not fullness.

● Drink water before and during meals.

● Use the “one-minute pause”: stop mid-meal and check how you feel.

● Choose fresh, wholesome foods that nourish your body.

Over time, these simple habits can transform your relationship with food.

Do You Know?

● Okinawans have one of the highest numbers of centenarians in the world.

● Their diet is traditionally low in calories but rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

● The practice of Hara Hachi Bu dates back to Confucian teachings, showing how ancient wisdom still guides modern lifestyles.

● Following this practice can reduce daily calorie intake by 10–20% without feeling deprived.

Conclusion: Hara Hachi Bu is a gentle reminder that good health is not just about what we eat, but how we eat. At a time when overeating has become common, this Okinawan habit inspires us to slow down, listen to our body, and appreciate our meals with gratitude.

A simple pause before our plate may very well be the key to a longer, healthier, and more mindful life.

A Blend of Devotion, Tradition, and Ancient Symbolism

DHARMA DHWAJ AND DHWAJAROHAN AT RAM MANDIR, AYODHYA 

The Ram Mandir in Ayodhya stands today as a grand symbol of faith, history, and cultural heritage. Among its many sacred traditions, one of the most significant is the Dhwajarohan ceremony—the hoisting of the Dharma Dhwaj, the holy saffron flag that rises proudly above the temple. This ritual not only marks devotion to Lord Ram but also reflects centuries-old traditions rooted in the scriptures.

What is Dhwajarohan?

Dhwajarohan means raising the divine flag. In Indian temples, hoisting a sacred flag is considered a symbol of auspiciousness, victory, and protection. At the Ram Mandir, it holds even deeper meaning. The waving saffron flag signals the triumph of dharma (righteousness)—a core message of Lord Ram’s life. The ceremony is performed with Vedic mantras, prayers, and offerings, creating a spiritual atmosphere filled with devotion and reverence.

The Dharma Dhwaj: Symbol of Faith

The flag raised during Dhwajarohan is called the Dharma Dhwaj. Saffron in colour, it represents purity, courage, sacrifice, and spiritual strength. But what makes this flag truly special is the set of three sacred symbols displayed on it—each chosen carefully from ancient texts to honour Lord Ram and the values he stands for.

1. The Sun (Surya)

The Sun represents light, truth, and energy. Lord Ram belonged to the Suryavanshi (Solar) dynasty, making the Sun an essential emblem of his lineage. It stands for the victory of truth over darkness and the eternal cosmic order.

2. The “Om” Symbol

“Om” is considered the first sound of creation and the essence of divine consciousness. On the flag, it symbolizes the presence of spirituality, purity, and peace. It reminds devotees that the temple is a centre of divine vibrations and sacred energy.

3. The Kovidara Tree

The Kovidara tree (Bauhinia variegata) is a sacred symbol found in texts like the Valmiki Ramayana and Harivamsha Purana. It stands for purity, auspiciousness, growth, and protection. Including the tree connects the Dharma Dhwaj directly to the traditional descriptions of divine flags from ancient scriptures.

Who Designed the Flag?

The Dharma Dhwaj was designed by Lalit Mishra, a well-known Indologist. He researched ancient texts and identified the symbols exactly as they were described in the scriptures. Once the design was final, a specialist parachute-manufacturing company in Ahmedabad created the flag using strong, weather-resistant material to withstand wind, sun, and rain.

A Timeless Emblem of Dharma

Together, the Sun, Om, and Kovidara tree transform the Dharma Dhwaj into more than just a flag—it becomes a living symbol of India’s spiritual heritage. As it waves above the Ram Mandir, it reflects faith, unity, and the timeless message of Lord Ram:

“Where there is truth, victory always follows.”

Japan’s Iconic Bite

SUSHI 

Sushi isn’t just food — it’s a vibe. Colourful, compact and instantly Instagram-worthy, this Japanese favourite has travelled from traditional kitchens to global café counters. What started as a cultural delicacy has now become one of the coolest teen-approved foods in the world. Whether you’re grabbing a roll with friends, experimenting with “dessert sushi”, or trying to use chopsticks for the first time, sushi offers a bite-sized blend of creativity and culture.

From tradition to trend: Sushi wasn’t always the trendy, pretty platter we know today. Its story began centuries ago in Japan as a clever way to preserve fish by packing it with fermented rice. Over time, Japanese chefs refined the technique, turning sushi-making into a graceful art form. Every piece reflects the values of:

● Balance – perfect harmony of flavours

● Beauty – clean presentation

● Simplicity – minimal ingredients, maximum taste

But once sushi stepped out of Japan, it reinvented itself. Across cities like Los Angeles, London, Bangkok and even Mumbai, sushi became a global trend — playful, colourful and customisable. Teens particularly love it because:

● It’s interactive — fun to roll, dip and mix.

● It’s aesthetic — looks great in photos.

● It’s adaptable — vegan, vegetarian, non-veg, spicy, sweet — everything works!

Indian cafés and food trucks have also joined the wave with fusion sushi, offering peri-peri paneer rolls, momo sushi, tandoori vegetable rolls and even chocolate-fruit dessert sushi.

What’s Inside a Sushi Roll?

🍚 Rice: The heart of sushi. Chewy, sticky short-grain rice mixed with rice vinegar gives sushi its mild tang.

🌿 Nori: Thin, papery sheets of dried seaweed that act like the wrap.

🍣 Fillings: Traditionally tuna, salmon or crab.

Today? Literally anything: cucumber, avocado, tofu, paneer, sweet potato, mango, strawberries, cream cheese, tempura veggies — you name it!

🍱 Add-ons & Toppings: Sesame seeds, pickled ginger, Wasabi (super spicy!), Soy sauce, spicy mayo or teriyaki drizzle

Types of Sushi You Should Know:

1. Maki (Rolled Sushi)

Classic roll with rice + fillings wrapped in nori. The kind we see most often.

2. Nigiri

A small hand-pressed rice ball topped with fish or tofu. Simple but elegant.

3. Sashimi

Just thin slices of raw fish served without rice. Popular among purists.

4. Uramaki (Inside-out Roll)

Rice on the outside, nori inside. Usually topped with sesame or roe.

5. Temaki (Hand Roll)

Cone-shaped roll — perfect for on-the-go snacking.

6. Fusion Sushi

Indian, Mexican, Korean or dessert versions. Creativity goes wild here!

Why Teens Love Sushi

● Aesthetic Appeal: It’s the ultimate Instagram reel material.

● Endless Customisation: From creamy to spicy, veg to non-veg, plain to colourful.

● Healthy-ish Option: Light, fresh and not overly oily.

● Adventure in a Bite: Trying sushi feels like exploring a new culture.

How to Eat Sushi the Right Way (Without Stress!)

● Use chopsticks or your hands—both are acceptable in Japan.

● Dip the fish side (not the rice) into soy sauce so the rice doesn’t break.

● Eat pickled ginger between bites to reset your taste buds.

● Don’t mix wasabi into soy sauce in traditional settings — but it’s okay in casual places.

Fun Facts: Do You Know? (Sushi Edition)

● Sushi chefs in Japan train for over 10 years to perfect the craft.

● The word sushi actually refers to the vinegared rice, not the fish.

● Sushi was originally street food, not luxury dining.

● The world’s most expensive sushi roll is wrapped in 24-karat gold!

● In Japan, sushi is eaten in a specific order, starting from the lightest flavours and ending with the richest.

Sushi Today: A Global Teen Favourite

Whether you enjoy crunchy tempura rolls, creamy avocado bites or sweet fruity sushi, there’s a type for every mood and every palate. Sushi is not just a dish — it’s a blend of art, culture, tradition and global creativity. And for teens everywhere, it’s a delicious way to explore the world, one colourful bite at a time.

Karnataka’s Timeless Sanskrit Village

MATTUR 

Nestled on the banks of the Tunga River in Karnataka’s Shivamogga district lies a small yet extraordinary village—Mattur (also spelled Mathur). Unlike any other place in India, Mattur has earned a unique distinction: it is India’s only Sanskrit-speaking village, where daily conversations, school lessons, and even street signs reflect the rhythm of an ancient language.

A Living Legacy of Sanskrit: While Sanskrit is often associated with sacred texts, ancient literature, and rituals, in Mattur, it is a living, spoken language. The residents, regardless of age, speak Sanskrit in their day-to-day interactions. Children learn it from an early age, and schools in the village emphasize Sanskrit as a medium of instruction alongside Kannada and English.

This revival of spoken Sanskrit is not merely ceremonial—it is part of a deliberate cultural preservation effort that began in the 1980s. With the guidance of Sanskrit scholars and support from spiritual organisations, the villagers committed to rejuvenating a language that is considered the root of many Indian languages and a treasure trove of knowledge.

A Village Rooted in Tradition and Modernity: Mattur is primarily inhabited by Sanketi Brahmins, a community known for its traditional Vedic scholarship. Despite this deep cultural conservatism, the village is far from frozen in time. It seamlessly blends Vedic learning with modern education. Many of Mattur’s youth are well-versed in computer science, engineering, and other modern disciplines. In fact, the village boasts a high literacy rate and has produced a significant number of professionals working in India and abroad.

Yet, no matter where they go, the villagers maintain a strong connection to their roots. Sanskrit remains a binding thread, and many alumni return to contribute to local education and cultural events.

Education: The Heart of the Revival

At the centre of Mattur’s Sanskrit revival is the Sri Sharada Vilasa Pathashala, a traditional school that offers training in the Vedas, Sanskrit grammar, and classical texts. Students from across India come here to immerse themselves in the ancient language.

Additionally, local schools incorporate spoken Sanskrit classes and encourage children to use the language in daily communication, prayers, and performances.

Sanskrit in Everyday Life: What makes Mattur truly remarkable is how organic the use of Sanskrit has become. You’ll hear phrases like “katham asti?” (How are you?) or “bhavān katham gacchati?” (Where are you going?) as naturally as you’d hear Kannada or Hindi elsewhere.

Street signs, nameplates, and shop boards are written in Sanskrit. Even graffiti and casual wall art feature Sanskrit shlokas (verses) and messages.

A Model for Cultural Revival: Mattur has often been highlighted in documentaries, news features, and academic research as a model for cultural and linguistic revival. It stands as proof that ancient languages need not be relegated to the past. With community support and dedicated education, even a "dead language" can thrive in the modern world.

A Timeless Inspiration: In an age where languages and traditions are vanishing rapidly, Mattur offers a rare example of continuity, commitment, and cultural pride. It's not just a Sanskrit-speaking village—it’s a testament to India's linguistic diversity and its enduring capacity to keep heritage alive through living practice.

As one walks through Mattur, listening to the melodic cadence of spoken Sanskrit echoing from homes, schools, and temples, it becomes clear: this is not merely a village—it's a living museum of India’s spiritual and linguistic heritage.

The Indian Style of Greeting

Namaste

India, a land known for its deep-rooted traditions and rich cultural heritage, offers the world many beautiful customs, and one of the most iconic among them is the traditional greeting — Namaste. More than just a form of saying hello, Namaste is a gesture filled with respect, humility, and spiritual significance.

What Does Namaste Mean?

The word "Namaste" comes from Sanskrit, where: Namaḥ means bow, obeisance, or salutation

Te means to you.

So, Namaste literally translates to "I bow to you." It is not just a verbal greeting but a respectful acknowledgment of the divinity in another person. A deeper spiritual interpretation of Namaste is:

"The divine in me honours the divine in you."

How is Namaste Performed?

Namaste is typically performed by:

1. Pressing both palms together, fingers pointing upwards, in front of the chest — a gesture known as Anjali Mudra.

2. Slightly bowing the head.

This simple but profound gesture is used in both formal and informal settings — from greeting elders and teachers to welcoming guests or beginning a yoga session.

Cultural and Spiritual Significance

Namaste is more than a greeting; it is a way of life in Indian culture. It reflects values such as:

Respect for others, regardless of age, status, or background.

Humility and gratitude, by bowing in front of others.

Spiritual connection, acknowledging that all living beings carry the divine essence.

In many Indian households and temples, Namaste is a common way to greet and show reverence to deities, elders, and visitors alike.

Namaste in Modern Times

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Namaste gained international attention as a contactless greeting that maintained social distancing without losing the warmth of a traditional welcome. Leaders and celebrities around the world adopted it as a safer and more respectful way of greeting others.

Moreover, as yoga and mindfulness practices have spread globally, Namaste has become a familiar term in wellness communities, often used at the end of yoga sessions to express gratitude and inner peace.

Global Recognition: 

Namaste has transcended cultural boundaries and is now recognised worldwide as a symbol of peace, respect, and harmony. It reminds us that true connection lies not just in physical contact, but in acknowledging each other with kindness and honour.

Conclusion: Namaste is a timeless Indian greeting that encapsulates centuries of tradition, spiritual insight, and human connection. In just one word and one gesture, it conveys respect, peace, and the understanding that we are all connected at a deeper level. In today’s fast-paced and divided world, embracing such meaningful traditions can help bring us closer — one respectful greeting at a time.

Namaste.

The Crispy Delight of Indian Vegetarian Cuisine

PAPAD 

Introduction: A crunchy welcome 

Papad, also known as appalam, pappadam, or pappadum, is far more than a simple side dish—it’s an experience. This thin, crispy, disc-shaped wafer has been a cherished part of vegetarian meals across India and beyond for centuries. Made from various flours, papad transforms from a brittle, sun-dried disc into a light, airy, and crunchy delicacy when fried, roasted, or microwaved. Its satisfying snap and burst of flavour make it a beloved accompaniment, a quick snack, and a festive treat enjoyed across generations.

Origin and Cultural Significance: Papad’s origins trace back to ancient Indian culinary traditions. Historical references suggest that papads were once part of royal feasts and temple offerings. Over time, this humble lentil disc became a household staple across regions. Every state in India has its own variation—whether it’s the spicy black pepper papads of North India, urad dal-based appalams of South India, or the thicker khichiya papads of Gujarat.

Beyond its role on the dining table, papad carries cultural importance. Offering papad to guests is considered a gesture of hospitality. It is featured in festive thalis, wedding feasts, and religious ceremonies, symbolising tradition and togetherness.

The Art of Making Papad: From dough to disc

The making of papad is both an art and a community tradition, often done collectively by families or women’s groups, particularly during sunny months.

Ingredients: The base of papad is usually a lentil flour such as urad dal (black gram), moong dal (split green gram), or chickpea flour (besan). Variations use rice flour, potato starch, or tapioca. Spices like black pepper, cumin seeds, asafoetida (hing), red chili flakes, and salt provide the signature flavours.

Kneading the Dough: The flours and spices are combined with water to create a firm, elastic dough, kneaded until smooth.

Shaping the Discs: Small balls of dough are rolled into very thin, uniform circles. This requires skill to ensure even thickness for proper cooking.

Sun-Drying: The discs are arranged on mats and left under the sun to dry completely. This traditional dehydration method locks in flavour, gives papads their signature crispness, and ensures a long shelf life.

A Culinary Chameleon: How to enjoy Papad

Papad is a versatile element of Indian cuisine, prepared in multiple ways:

Fried: Immersed in hot oil for a few seconds, papads puff up into golden, crunchy wafers—perfect for special occasions or indulgent meals.

Roasted/Grilled: Roasted over an open flame or on a tawa until blistered, roasted papads are lighter and carry a smoky flavour, making them a favorite for everyday meals.

Microwaved or Air-Fried: A modern, oil-free option for health-conscious eaters that still delivers a delightful crunch.

More than a side dish: Papad in Indian Cuisine

Papad’s uses go beyond being a simple accompaniment:

Papad Ki Sabzi: A Rajasthani delicacy where roasted papad pieces are added to a tangy yogurt or tomato-based gravy to create a unique curry.

Papad Chaat: A vibrant street food snack featuring crushed roasted papad topped with chopped onions, tomatoes, green chilies, coriander, and lemon juice.

Papad as a Base or Garnish: Larger papads can be used like bruschetta bases for toppings or crushed into chaats, salads, and rice dishes to add texture and flavour.

Health Benefits of Papad

Papads, especially those made from lentils, can provide:

Plant-Based Protein: Lentil flours like urad and moong dal are good protein sources.

Dietary Fibre: Contributing to healthy digestion.

Digestive Aids: Spices such as asafoetida and cumin help prevent bloating and indigestion.

Low-Calorie Option: Roasted papads are a light, low-fat snack compared to fried alternatives.

However, fried papads can be high in fat and sodium, so moderation is recommended.

Papad in Modern Kitchens: In today’s culinary world, papad has crossed geographical and cultural boundaries. Ready-to-cook papads in various flavours are sold worldwide, making this traditional Indian snack accessible globally. Modern chefs are experimenting with papads in creative ways—turning them into papad tacos, papad cones filled with salads, or pairing papad crisps with contemporary dips—showcasing its versatility in fusion cuisine.

Fun Facts about Papad: In many Indian households, making and drying papads is a social activity, with women gathering to roll and sun-dry batches for the whole year.

Papad has been celebrated in Indian films and popular culture—remembered fondly as a symbol of home-cooked comfort.

Some regions even host small-scale papad industries run by women’s self-help groups, contributing to local economies.

Conclusion: A Timeless Crunch

From its humble beginnings as a simple lentil disc to its modern reinvention in gourmet kitchens, papad remains a shining example of India’s culinary heritage. It is a symbol of tradition, hospitality, and innovation—a burst of flavour that brings texture and delight to every meal. Whether served alongside dal-rice on a quiet evening, featured in a festive thali, or transformed into a creative appetizer, papad continues to win hearts across generations, one crisp bite at a time.

Fascinating form of body art

TATTOO 

Introduction

Tattoos are a fascinating form of body art where ink is permanently embedded in the skin to create designs. Across history, tattoos have been much more than decoration—they have served as symbols of status, identity, spirituality, and personal stories. What once carried cultural or ritual significance has evolved into a globally celebrated form of self-expression and fashion.

A Historical Ink Trail 📜

The earliest known evidence of tattooing dates back to the Neolithic period. Ötzi the Iceman, a 5,300-year-old mummy found in the Alps, had 61 tattoos believed to have been used for medicinal or therapeutic purposes. In Ancient Egypt, tattoos symbolised religious devotion and social standing, while Celts and Anglo-Saxons used them as war paint and tribal identifiers.

In Polynesia, tattooing—called tatau, the origin of the English word “tattoo”—was a sacred art form. These intricate patterns conveyed lineage, rank, and accomplishments. The process was often painful and viewed as a rite of passage, and an unmarked body was considered incomplete or without identity.

In India and parts of Africa, tattooing and body art have long been used in rituals and celebrations. Henna tattoos (mehndi) remain a cherished tradition during weddings and festivals, symbolising joy and blessing.

The Global Comeback 🌍

For centuries, tattoos in the Western world were stigmatised and associated with sailors, criminals, or social outsiders. This perception began to shift in the late 19th century. In 1891, Samuel O’Reilly’s invention of the electric tattoo machine revolutionised tattooing, making it faster, more precise, and widely accessible.

By the late 20th century, tattoos experienced a massive surge in popularity. Celebrities, musicians, and athletes proudly displayed their ink, helping to transform tattoos from taboo to trend. Today, tattooing is a booming global industry, with artists exploring an extraordinary range of styles—from traditional Japanese Irezumi and tribal designs to realistic portraits, abstract watercolor art, and minimalistic linework.

Modern Trends and Styles

Contemporary tattoo art is as diverse as the people who wear it. Popular trends include:

● Traditional tattoos: Bold lines and vibrant colors with classic motifs.

● Watercolor tattoos: Designs that resemble brushstrokes or splashes of paint.

● Minimalistic tattoos: Subtle, simple lines or symbols with deep meaning.

● Portrait tattoos: Realistic depictions of loved ones or inspirational figures.

● Cultural and spiritual tattoos: Designs that honor heritage or beliefs.

Tattoos have moved beyond rebellion to become statements of individuality, creativity, and even professional artistry. In many places, attitudes toward tattoos in workplaces and society have softened, though they still vary by culture.

More than just skin deep ✨

A tattoo is rarely just a drawing—it’s a powerful personal statement. People get tattoos for many reasons:

● Self-expression: To showcase personality, beliefs, or creativity.

● Memorials: To honor a loved one or commemorate a life-changing event.

● Cultural or spiritual connections: To preserve traditions or signify faith.

● Aesthetic appeal: To carry a piece of art they admire.

For many, tattoos are a way to reclaim their bodies after trauma or to celebrate milestones. They challenge traditional ideas of beauty and permanence, serving as a form of non-verbal communication—telling a story to those who see them and, most importantly, to the wearer.

Considerations before getting inked

While tattoos are meaningful and beautiful, they are permanent. Before getting one, it’s important to:

Research the design and its symbolism. Choose something meaningful and timeless.

Select a skilled, hygienic tattoo artist. Safety and quality are essential.

Think long-term. Trends change, but your tattoo will remain.

Understand the healing process and aftercare. Proper care ensures vibrant, lasting art.

Consider cultural and workplace attitudes. Visible tattoos may not be accepted everywhere.

Conclusion

Tattoos have traveled an extraordinary journey—from sacred tribal rituals and ancient therapeutic marks to a global art form celebrated for its creativity and personal meaning. Whether chosen to honour heritage, commemorate milestones, or simply express individuality, tattoos remain one of humanity’s most enduring forms of storytelling.

In a world of fleeting trends, a tattoo is deliberate and permanent—a memory, a conviction, or a work of art etched forever on the skin. Tattoos remind us that every design tells a story, and every story leaves a mark.