Goa’s Unique Monsoon Festival of Joy and Faith

🌧️ SÃO JOÃO 

As monsoon showers drench the lush landscapes of Goa every June, the state erupts into one of its most vibrant and joyous celebrations — São João, also known locally as Sant Janā, held annually on June 24, this festival is dedicated to St. John the Baptist, blending religious symbolism, seasonal joy, and community bonding in a way that’s uniquely Goan.

When is it Celebrated?

São João is celebrated every year on June 24th, marking the birth of St. John the Baptist.

✝️ History and Significance

✨ Religious Roots

The festival honours St. John the Baptist, who, according to the Bible, leapt with joy in his mother Elizabeth’s womb when Mary, pregnant with Jesus, visited her.

This joyful "leap" is symbolically re-enacted through the famous tradition of jumping into wells and water bodies.

St. John also baptized Jesus in the River Jordan, and the act of jumping into water during the festival is linked to the purifying power of baptism.

🌦️ Monsoon Connection

The timing of the festival coincides with the arrival of the monsoon in Goa, a season of renewal and abundance.

Overflowing wells, blooming flowers, and green surroundings form a beautiful natural backdrop for the celebrations.

🧑‍🤝‍🧑 Community and Family Ties

Known as "Zanvoiamchem Fest" (Feast of the Sons-in-Law), it is customary for newly married sons-in-law to be invited by their mothers-in-law for a festive meal.

The celebration is also a way of giving thanks for marriages and childbirths in the previous year, thus strengthening family and community ties.

🎊 Traditions and Customs

💦 Jumping into Wells

The most iconic São João tradition!

Young men — and sometimes women and children — jump into wells, ponds, or streams, shouting “Viva São João!”

In some places, villagers throw in fruits or bottles of feni (cashew liquor) for jumpers to retrieve.

🌸 Kopels (Floral Crowns)

People wear kopels, beautiful crowns made of seasonal flowers, fruits, and leaves.

These symbolise nature’s bounty, joy, and St. John’s ascetic lifestyle.

🎶 Singing and Music

Groups visit homes singing traditional Goan songs (especially mandos) using local instruments like the ghumot, mhadalem, and kansallem.

They announce their arrival by beating coconut palm stumps on the ground.

🍛 Feasting and Sharing

Traditional Goan delicacies are prepared and shared:

Sanna (steamed rice cakes)

Vindalho de Porco (spicy pork curry)

Verdur (vegetable stew)

Patolleo (sweet dumplings steamed in turmeric leaves with coconut and jaggery)

Seasonal fruits like jackfruit, pineapple, and mango are widely enjoyed.

"Vojem": Newlywed brides often bring a platter of food and fruit to their in-laws' home.

⛵ Boat Parades (Sangodd)

Particularly in Siolim, locals organize a beautiful boat parade on the river.

Boats made of banana trunks and decorated with flowers and figures compete for the best-decorated float.

🔥 Judeu or Māru Effigies

In some villages, young men carry and later burn effigies made of hay and dry leaves, symbolically marking the end of negativity or evil.

📍 Where to Experience It Best

While São João is celebrated across Goa, the most spirited celebrations take place in:

Siolim (famous for the boat festival)

Anjuna

Candolim

Calangute

Assagao

Saligao

These villages come alive with music, processions, water games, and feasting during the festival.

🌈 Conclusion

The São João festival of Goa is more than just a celebration — it’s a beautiful blend of faith, folklore, nature, and neighbourhood spirit. Whether it’s the cheerful leap into a well, the laughter-filled boat parade, or the mouth-watering feasts with loved ones, São João truly captures the monsoon magic of Goa.

A Journey of Faith and Devotion

PANDHARICHI WAARI (वारी)

Every year, as the month of Ashadha (June–July) approaches, thousands of devotees from across Maharashtra and beyond begin a journey like no other — the Pandharichi Waari, a grand pilgrimage by foot to the sacred town of Pandharpur, the abode of Lord Vitthal.

The Waari is not just a physical journey. It is a journey of the soul, of surrender, and of love for the divine.

What is the Waari? 

“Waari” means a regular, repeated visit. Devotees, lovingly called Warkaris, travel on foot, often walking over 250 kilometers, to reach Pandharpur by Ashadhi Ekadashi, the most auspicious day to see Lord Vitthal.

The two most famous Waari groups carry the paduka (sacred footprints) of two great saints — Sant Dnyaneshwar from Alandi and Sant Tukaram from Dehu. These are carried in palanquins (palkhis) as symbols of their spiritual presence, and are followed by thousands singing bhajans, chanting “Vitthal Vitthal,” and playing traditional instruments like tals, mridangs, and veenas.

What Makes the Waari Special?

Sounds of Devotion: The air is filled with “Vitthal Vitthal,” abhangas, drums, cymbals, and flute.

Colours of Faith: Devotees wear white or saffron, carry flags and tulsi plants, and walk in groups called Dindis.

Feelings of Unity: Rich or poor, all are equal in this journey. People help one another, and villagers serve the Warkaris with food and shelter.

Rituals on the Path

Ringan – a joyful run in circles around the palanquin.

Dhava – a final sprint before entering Pandharpur.

Holy Dip – in the Chandrabhaga River, followed by darshan of Lord Vitthal, standing on a brick, waiting for his devotee.

A People’s Movement

What makes the Waari unique is how it brings together people from all walks of life — rich and poor, young and old, farmers, students, teachers, and professionals. All differences disappear in the shared spirit of bhakti (devotion).

Warkaris walk under the blazing sun, in rains, through mud and fields — yet they never complain. Their hearts are full of joy, singing and dancing with each step, because they believe that every pain is a blessing when taken in Vitthal’s name.

They follow a simple code: live a pure life, speak the truth, be humble and help others and see God in all beings

🕊️ A Message for Today

In today’s fast-paced, technology-filled world, the Waari stands as a timeless reminder of values we often forget — patience, simplicity, gratitude, and community.

It is more than a pilgrimage. The Waari is not just a religious event. It is a message of simple living, humble devotion and equality and service. 

It teaches us that faith is not in reaching fast, but in walking together. That God is not only in temples, but also in the hearts of those who serve selflessly.

🙏 Conclusion

Pandharichi Waari is more than just a tradition — it is a moving temple, a walking university of devotion, and a living connection between the past and the present.

As the dindi (procession) moves closer to Pandharpur, echoing with the chants of “Gyanba Tukaram!” and “Vitthal Vitthal!”, one cannot help but feel that this is not just a pilgrimage, but a divine experience!

Did You Know?

* The Waari has been declared part of UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (as of 2021).

* More than a million people participate each year.

* Warkaris often walk barefoot out of devotion.

🙏Mauli Mauli🙏  

The Cool Cousin of Ice Cream

GELATO 🍨

When summer hits hard, we all crave something cold, creamy, and delicious. While ice cream has always been a favourite, gelato is quickly making its way into the hearts (and freezers!) of dessert lovers across India.

🍧 What is Gelato?

Gelato (which means “frozen” in Italian) is a type of frozen dessert made with milk, sugar, and natural flavours, just like ice cream. But here’s the twist—though they look similar, gelato and ice cream are not the same.

❄️ How Is Gelato Different from Ice Cream?

Let’s scoop out the key differences:

Less Air, More Creaminess: Gelato is churned slowly, allowing less air into the mixture. This gives it a denser and silkier texture than ice cream.

Warmer Serving Temperature: It’s served slightly warmer than ice cream (10–15°C warmer), so your tongue isn’t numb when you eat it. Result? More flavour!

Lower Butterfat and Sugar: Gelato has less fat and sugar, making it a healthier alternative to ice cream.

🕰️ A Tasty History

The story of gelato dates back to 1565, when an Italian named Bernardo Buontalenti first created it. His version was more like sorbet, with more water than milk. Later, in 1686, Francesco Procopio dei Coltelli, a Sicilian fisherman, opened a gelato café in Paris and helped popularise the dessert. Guess what? That café still exists today!

Fast forward to 1945, gelato began to be mass-produced, and today it’s a global sensation with hundreds of flavours—from classic vanilla to exotic rose basil!

🛍️ Gelato in India

Although not as common as ice cream yet, gelato is gaining popularity in India, especially in urban areas and malls. Many gelato parlours and artisanal dessert shops are opening up, serving this creamy delight to curious tastebuds.

🌱 A Treat for All

Modern gelato isn’t just dairy-based. There are now plant-based and vegan options, perfect for those with dietary restrictions or preferences.

🌞 Summer Special Fast Facts

🍨 Gelaterias are special shops where gelato is sold. The person serving gelato is called a gelataio.

🥄 While ice cream is scooped with a round scoop, gelato is served with a spade or paddle.

🍦Gelato con panna means your gelato comes with a dollop of whipped cream.

☕ An affogato is a delicious dessert where gelato is topped with hot coffee—yum!

🌍 Italy hosts the Gelato World Cup every two years. Teams from all over the world compete in making the best gelato, pastries, chocolates, and even ice sculptures!

🎉 Fun Gelato Sayings

“A gelato a day keeps the heat away!”

“When in Rome, do as the gelato does!”

“A gelato in the hand is worth two in the freezer!”

So the next time you're feeling the heat, treat yourself to a scoop (or spade!) of gelato. Whether it’s chocolate, mango, or mint-choco-chip, this Italian dessert is sure to make your summer sweeter and cooler.

Stay chill and gelato on! 🍧🇮🇹

Where canines are worshipped

THE ENIGMATIC DOG TEMPLE OF CHANNAPATNA 

In the heart of Karnataka’s Ramanagara district, where Channapatna’s colorful wooden toys charm tourists and locals alike, lies a lesser-known yet deeply fascinating cultural gem—the Dog Temple of Agrahara Valagerehalli. Unassuming at first glance, this modest shrine is perhaps the only temple in India where canines, not deities in traditional form, are the revered protectors of the village.

A Shrine Born from Loyalty: The story of this unusual temple begins in 2010 when a local businessman named Ramesh, while overseeing the renovation of the nearby Kempamma Devi Temple, noticed something extraordinary. Two stray dogs began guarding the temple premises, standing watch day and night. Their presence became so integral that when they mysteriously vanished, villagers were both puzzled and disturbed.

Soon after, a devotee reported a divine dream: Goddess Kempamma had appeared, asking for a temple to be built in honor of the loyal dogs to safeguard the community. Heeding this spiritual plea, the villagers built a marble shrine adjacent to the main temple, featuring sculpted idols of the two canines who had once been its silent sentinels.

Rooted in Belief and Symbolism: In Hindu mythology, dogs hold significant symbolic weight. They are seen as the vahanas (vehicles) of Bhairava—a fierce form of Lord Shiva—and are also associated with Yama, the god of death. They represent loyalty, protection, and spiritual alertness. The Dog Temple of Channapatna doesn’t just honour animals; it reflects a deeper belief in the unseen guardians that walk among us.

A Ritual of Reverence: The temple may be small, but its cultural heartbeat is strong. Poojas (ritual prayers) are performed on Sundays, Mondays, and Thursdays, drawing both villagers and curious travelers. The annual Jatra Mahotsav in mid-August is a major event—an earthy, vibrant village festival that includes animal sacrifices, with the meat offered to local dogs as a gesture of gratitude and reverence.

Many dog lovers some with their pet dogs, visit the temple on regular basis. People visit the dog temple, for the naming ceremony of their pet dogs and pray for their well-being. 

More Than a Temple: While in Channapatna, visitors can explore its famed toy-making industry—an art form passed down through generations. It’s a fitting combination: a town that honors both the traditional and the unexpected, from handcrafted wooden toys to temples built for man’s best friend.

The fire-walking ritual of Shirgao Jatra

HOMKUND 

The Shirgao Jatra is one of Goa’s most intense and spiritually significant festivals, dedicated to Goddess Lairai, who is considered a powerful and fierce form of Goddess Parvati. The festival celebrates her victory over evil forces and is deeply rooted in local legend and folk traditions. It’s one of the most famous “jatras” (pilgrimages) in Goa, attracting thousands of devotees.

Location: Shirgao village, Bicholim taluka, North Goa.

Main Temple: Lairai Devi Temple, a revered site with a long history.

Deity: Goddess Lairai is worshipped as one of the seven sisters (Sateri, Kelbai, Mahamaya, Lairai, Morjai, Milagres, and Chamunda) — powerful local goddesses in Goan mythology.

Highlights of the Festival:

1. Agnidivya (Homkund) – The Fire-Walking Ritual is the most iconic part of the festival. Devotees known as Dhonds prepare for weeks with strict discipline and fasting. Around 3–4 a.m., after prayers and chanting, the dhonds walk barefoot across a long path of burning embers. This is seen as an act of faith, purification, and devotion to Lairai. Thousands gather to witness this awe-inspiring ritual, believed to grant spiritual merit and blessings.

2. Processions and Offerings: The deity is taken in a procession around the village. Devotees offer Jasmine (mogra) flowers, coconuts, incense, and light traditional oil lamps. Folk music, traditional Goan instruments, and chanting of bhajans fill the air.

3. Cultural Unity: Although rooted in Hindu tradition, the festival draws people from all communities, including Christians and Muslims, showing Goa’s deep interfaith harmony.

When is it Celebrated?

Usually held in late April or early May, on the full moon day (Vaishakh Shuddha Panchami). In 2025, it falls on May 2.

Strings that speak

THE TIMELESS ART OF PUPPETRY 

In a world dominated by screens and digital storytelling, the age-old charm of puppetry still holds its ground. From the vibrant Kathputlis of Rajasthan to the shadow puppets of Indonesia and the marionettes of Europe, puppets have enchanted audiences for centuries, weaving stories with strings, shadows, and spirited movements.

Puppetry is more than entertainment—it is a mirror to culture, tradition, and imagination. Across the globe, puppet shows have long served as a medium for folklore, moral lessons, political satire, and religious epics. Long before cinema and animation, puppeteers brought gods, kings, animals, and even demons to life on makeshift stages, captivating both young and old.

Tholu Bommalata 

There are many types of puppets: string (marionettes), hand, rod, shadow, and glove puppets, each with its own distinct method of operation and appeal. In India alone, different regions boast unique forms—like Tholu Bommalata from Andhra Pradesh (leather shadow puppetry) or Gombeyatta from Karnataka (rod puppets). Each style carries centuries of heritage, performed with live music, narration, and traditional costumes.

Gombeyatta 

Today, puppetry has expanded beyond folk art. It plays a role in education, therapy, and even political commentary. Modern puppeteers are blending technology with tradition, creating interactive performances and digital puppetry that preserve the soul of the art while reaching new audiences.

Yet, for all its evolution, the essence of puppetry remains unchanged: it's about storytelling through movement, voice, and heart. In the skilled hands of a puppeteer, a lifeless figure becomes a breathing character, speaking truths that resonate across time and culture.

As long as there are stories to tell and listeners to wonder, puppets will continue to dance, whisper, and sing—reminding us of the magic that lies in the simplest forms of expression.

World puppetry day is celebrated on March 21st.

A moment of pride

ODISHA’S KHAJA EARNS GLOBAL HONOUR 

Odisha's beloved traditional sweet, Khaja, has recently achieved international fame by being recognised among the world's best sweet pastries by TasteAtlas, a global food guide. This prestigious recognition places Khaja alongside legendary international confections like croissants and doughnuts, marking it as the only Indian sweet to feature in the top ten list.

What is Khaja?

Khaja is a centuries-old delicacy, deeply rooted in Odisha’s cultural and culinary heritage, especially associated with the sacred Jagannath Temple in Puri. The sweet is made from a simple yet rich combination of refined wheat flour, ghee, and sugar. The dough is meticulously rolled into thin layers, deep-fried until golden and crispy, and finally soaked in sugar syrup. The result is a flaky, crunchy, yet melt-in-the-mouth pastry that has delighted generations.

Cultural and Spiritual Significance: Beyond its delectable taste, Khaja holds immense spiritual importance. It forms an integral part of the 'Mahaprasad' — the sacred offering made to Lord Jagannath at the Puri temple. Devotees from across the world purchase Khaja as a blessed souvenir, believing it carries divine blessings. Its preparation is not just a culinary process but a tradition passed down through generations, maintaining its purity and sanctity.

Global Recognition: TasteAtlas praised Khaja for its unique preparation and cultural richness, highlighting how it stands out even amidst other Indian sweets. The platform also noted that Khaja is sometimes known as 'Pheni' and shares its revered space with other popular Indian pastries like Gujiya, Chiroti, and Karanji — but it is Khaja that made it to the world’s top rankings.

A Moment of Pride for Odisha: This international recognition not only celebrates the rich legacy of Khaja but also shines a spotlight on Odisha's culinary traditions, bringing them to a global audience. It is a proud moment for every Odia and a testament to the timeless appeal of this divine delicacy.

Where culture drapes itself in beauty

THE TIMELESS ELEGANCE OF THE SARI 

The sari, a traditional garment worn by women in India and many other South Asian countries, is more than just a piece of clothing; it is a symbol of culture, heritage, and timeless elegance. Draped gracefully around the body, the sari has been an integral part of the subcontinent's history for thousands of years, evolving through time while retaining its inherent charm and significance.

A Historical Perspective: The origins of the sari can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilization (circa 2800–1800 BCE), where ancient depictions of women in draped garments suggest early forms of this attire. Over the centuries, different regions of India have developed unique styles of draping the sari, influenced by local traditions, climate, and social customs. The art of weaving and dyeing saris has been passed down through generations, contributing to the vast diversity in patterns, colors, and fabrics.

Variety in Weaves and Styles: India is home to an astonishing array of saris, each reflecting the craftsmanship of its region. Some of the most well-known types include:

North India

Banarasi Sari (Uttar Pradesh): Rich silk fabric with intricate gold and silver brocade work.

Chikankari Sari (Lucknow, UP): Delicate hand embroidery on lightweight fabric.

Tussar Silk Sari (Bihar/Jharkhand): Natural texture silk with earthy tones.

West India

Bandhani Sari (Gujarat/Rajasthan): Vibrant tie-dye patterns, often worn in festive occasions.

Paithani Sari (Maharashtra): Heavy gold borders with peacock and floral motifs.

Patola Sari (Gujarat): Intricate double-ikat weaving, requiring expert craftsmanship.

South India

Kanjeevaram Sari (Tamil Nadu): Luxurious silk with bold colors and elaborate zari work.

Mysore Silk Sari (Karnataka): Lightweight silk known for its smooth finish.

Kasavu Sari (Kerala): White cotton sari with gold border, often worn during festivals.

East India

Baluchari Sari (West Bengal): Silk sari featuring mythological motifs in contrasting colors.

Tant Sari (West Bengal): Lightweight cotton sari, ideal for daily wear.

Sambalpuri Sari (Odisha): Handwoven ikat sari with intricate geometric patterns.

Each sari tells a story, woven with threads of tradition, artistry, and local identity.

Cultural and Traditional Significance: The sari is deeply woven into the cultural and traditional fabric of India. It is a garment that symbolises grace, modesty, and cultural pride, with its significance varying across different communities and occasions. Women wear saris in religious ceremonies, festivals, and rites of passage such as weddings and coming-of-age celebrations. The way a sari is draped can also signify a woman's regional background, marital status, or even social standing.

In many parts of India, certain colours and patterns hold symbolic meanings. Red is commonly worn by brides as a sign of prosperity and marital bliss, while white is traditionally associated with mourning and spirituality. The nine-yard sari (Nauvari inMaharashtra), or Madisaar, is an essential attire for Tamil Brahmin women during religious rituals, while the Assamese Mekhela Chador represents the rich textile heritage of Assam.

The sari is also seen as a bridge between the past and present, carrying forward centuries-old traditions while adapting to modern sensibilities. It continues to be an emblem of Indian femininity and elegance, embraced by women of all ages.

Modern Adaptations and Global Appeal: Despite the rapid modernisation of fashion, the sari continues to be a beloved garment, adapting to contemporary styles while maintaining its essence. Designers have experimented with innovative draping styles, fusion fabrics, and embellishments, making the sari a global fashion statement. Bollywood celebrities, international fashion designers, and influencers have played a significant role in keeping the sari relevant in today’s world.

Conclusion: The sari is not just a piece of clothing; it is a representation of India’s rich heritage, artistry, and evolving fashion sensibilities. Whether draped traditionally or styled in a modern way, it remains a garment of beauty and grace, celebrated across generations. Its timeless appeal ensures that the sari will continue to be an enduring symbol of elegance and cultural pride for years to come.

A colourful celebration

HOLI’S MYRIAD HUES

 Holi, the vibrant festival of colours, is celebrated with great enthusiasm across India and in many parts of the world. While most people are familiar with the colourful celebrations and the joyous spirit of Holi, there are several lesser-known facts about this festival that add to its rich cultural tapestry.

Ecological significance: While Holi is primarily a cultural and religious festival, it also has ecological significance. The Holika Dahan is traditionally performed using wood from specific trees that have medicinal properties. The heat from the bonfire is believed to purify the air and kill bacteria, which is particularly beneficial at the onset of spring when diseases are more likely to spread. This practice highlights the ancient wisdom of using natural elements for health and well-being.

Traditional colours: The colours used in Holi, known as "gulal" and "abir," were traditionally made from natural ingredients like flowers, herbs, and minerals. For instance, yellow was made from turmeric, red from flowers like kewada, and green from neem leaves. These natural colours were not only safe for the skin but also had therapeutic benefits. In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in using such natural colors to avoid the harmful effects of synthetic dyes.

Holi in different regions: Holi is celebrated differently in various regions of India, each with its own unique customs and traditions. In Mathura and Vrindavan, the birthplace of Lord Krishna, Holi is celebrated with great fervour and is known as "Lathmar Holi." Here, women playfully hit men with sticks, symbolising the playful acts of Radha and her friends with Krishna. In the state of Manipur, Holi is celebrated for six days and is known as "Yaoshang," where people build and burn a thatched hut to signify the burning of Holika.

Historical significance: Holi has been celebrated for centuries and has been metioned in ancient texts and inscriptions. The festival is described in the 7th-century Sanskrit drama "Ratnavali" by Harsha, and it is also depicted in ancient paintings and murals. This historical continuity highlights the enduring nature of Holi as a cultural and religious festival. 

Role of music and dance: Music and dance play a crucial role in Holi celebrations. Traditional songs, known as "Holi geet" or "Phagwah geet," are sung during the festival, often accompanied by instruments like the dhol and manjeera. These songs celebrate the love of Radha and Krishna and the joy ofspring. In some regions, there are specific dance forms associated with Holi, such as the "Dhamal" dance in Haryana, which is performed to the beats of the dhol.

Global influence: Holi has gained popularity worldwide with many countries adopting the festival's colorful and joyous spirit. In countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, Holi celebrations are becoming increasingly common, often organised by Indian communities and attended by people from diverse backgrounds. This global influence has also led to the creation of events like "colour run" a 5km race where participants are doused with coloured powder at various checkpoints. 

In art and literature: Holi has been a source of inspiration for many poets, writers, and artists. It has been depicted in numerous works of literature, paintings, and sculptures, capturing the essence of the festival's joy and vibrancy. The festival's themes of love, devotion, and the triumph of good over evil have been explored in various forms of art, making Holi a significant cultural symbol.

Post-Holi rituals: After the day of Holi, there are several post-festival rituals that are observed in different regions. In some parts of India, people apply sandalwood paste on their bodies to soothe the skin after being exposed to colours. In others, special sweets like gujiya and mathri are prepared and shared among family and friends. These rituals add a sense of closure to the festival and reinforce the bonds of community and family.

Holi is more than just a festival of colours; it is a celebration of life, love, and the triumph of good over evil. Its rich history, diverse traditions, and cultural significance make it a unique and cherished festival. As Holi continues to be celebrated across the world, it serves as a reminder of the power of joy, unity, and tradition in bringing people together. 

May there be plentiful of rice

ANNAM BAHU KURVITA

 

Rice was probably domesticated first in the Yangtze Basin in China around 7000 BCE. In the subcontinent, it is said to have been domesticated along the Ganga by 6000 BCE. By 3500 BCE, it spread to Southeast Asia.

Today, the grain is a staple for 65% of India's population. Its production, processing, and trading is a major employer across the country. There is a wondrous variety of rice cultivators too. For example, in the Kuttanad region of Kerala, it's uniquely cultivated below the sea level. It's also a global staple with a bigger market than wheat and hence is important for food security everywhere.

The cultivation and sanctity of rice is as old as Indian culture. Sita in the Rigveda means furrow. In the Ramayana, the childless Janaka finds a baby in the furrow and names her Sita. Ahalya created by Brahma means 'unploughed'. Rabindranath Tagore suggested that Rama's release of Ahalya from a stone probably refers to the reclamation of uncultivated land.

The plough was so sacred that kings made pacts by swearing on the plough, according to Kautilya. The Atharva Veda describes rice as a healing balm, the "sons of heaven who never die". The Taittiriya Upanishad says the Supreme Being or Purusha is formed of rice and that all that is born comes from, lives on land and merges into rice. The Mahabharata says there is no gift greater than rice, while the Bhagavad Gita reaffirms that all beings are formed of rice. Krishna gifts Draupadi an Akshaya Paatra, a bowl of limitless rice. 

Rice is symbolic of prosperity whose goddess is Lakshmi. Annapurna, holding a bowl of rice in one hand and a spoon in the other is the goddess of Kashi on the Ganga and worshipped all over the country. In Bengal, she is depicted as providing rice to Shiva and his assistants. Annalakshmi, created by Vishnu to ensure that humanity does not suffer from hunger, holds a sheaf of paddy in one hand and a rice bowl and spoon like Annapurna. Dhanyalakshmi has many arms and holds several sheaves of paddy and other grains. There are also local rice deities all over India. 

Ponni Amman is celebrated in northern Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh, depicted as a head placed on earth, which is her body. In Manipur, there is Phouoibi or lady of the paddy, for the Meitei people. Rice is also associated with male deities. Taittiriya Aranyaka describes Annadevata, the rice god, as the progenitor. According to Shatapatha Brahmana, rice originated from the body of Indra. 

Not just India, almost every East Asian country has a unique legend about how rice came to their land; communities in most of these countries pray to a benevolent rice deity. Dewi Shri, a Southeast Asian name for Sridevi or Lakshmi, is a Balinese, Javanese, and Sudanese Hindu goddess of rice and fertility, still widely worshipped in parts of Indonesia. She is two-armed, holding a spring of paddy in one hand, with the other in a gesture of giving. The stories of Dewi Shri are associated with the mythical origin of the rice plant. All useful plants essential for humans are said to have come from Dewi Shri's body. Traditional Javanese homes have a small shrine called pasrean or the place of Sri. Worshippers offer food and prayers to her so that she may grant the family health and prosperity.

Inari is a Japanese Shinto deity identified with the Buddhist Dakiniten who rides a white fox and protects rice cultivation. Mae Posop is the rice goddess of Thailand, a mother figure who provides food and is worshipped with offerings to ancestral shrines, the spirit of the land, or monks. In Laos, the story goes that when a farmer trapped a golden fish, the fish king gave rice to humans in exchange. Guanyin, the Chinese Avalokiteshvara, sent her dog down to earth during a great flood with rice clinging to its tail, which led her to be worshipped as a rice goddess.  Rice is such a vital staple in many societies that it's no surprise it has inspired so many legends.

Inari, Mae Posop, and Guanyin’s connection to rice all highlight the idea of divine beings ensuring food security and prosperity. The Laotian fish king story is interesting because it suggests a different origin—rice as a gift from an underwater realm. It’s similar to how some cultures see food as a divine exchange rather than just an agricultural product.

Rice is a part of living tradition. Many myths, oral histories, and ceremonies relate to it. From birth to death, all rituals in an Indian's life is associated with rice. As the prayer goes, 'Annam Bahu Kurvita', or may the rice be plentiful, for it's essential for our survival. Rice is a sacred thread woven through every stage of life. The phrase Annam Bahu Kurvita reflects the deep reverence for food in Indian traditions, where rice is more than sustenance; it’s a blessing, an offering, and a symbol of prosperity.

It’s fascinating how rice appears in everything from birth ceremonies (Annaprashan, the first feeding of rice) to wedding rituals and even funerary rites. The connection between rice and life itself shows how essential it is—not just physically but spiritually.

Strange grief ritual

FINGER AMPUTATION

Have you ever been so overcome with grief that you just need to cut off a piece of your finger? Hopefully not. But for the people of Dani Tribe, finger cutting is a typical mourning practice. 

Located in a remote area of Papua, New Guinea, the Dani are deeply attached to their customs --- even the ones that encourage detachment of body parts. When someone dies, the tribe will cut off a portion of every woman's finger who was close to the deceased. The more loss a woman experiences, the more she loses of herself, literally.

Before being amputated, the fingers are tied with a string for thirty minutes to numb them. Once amputated, the new fingertips are burned to create new scar tissue. Though now banned by the government, this custom, one of the world's most bizarre cultural practices, is still occasionally practiced by the tribe from time to time. It is a ritual performed to satisfy the ancestral ghosts and has been going on for many generations.

Though mostly applicable to older women, the practice sometimes goes down all the way to baby females who have the tips of their fingers bitten off in a similar ritual.

Pole used for communication

TOTEM POLE

Totem poles are large wooden poles that are beautifully carved with many symbols. The totem pole of the Red Indians, provided a means of communicating their stories, myths and legends. They were generally carved from giant trees and were made up of an arrangement of symbols. The symbols on the totem pole told a story or recalled an event. These messages and stories tell a lot about the Red Indians and their culture. 

Some poles were erected to celebrate cultural beliefs, others were just an artistic presentation. Certain poles also contained graves within them. But whatever their purpose, totem poles are awesome. 

Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

MAHA KUMBH 2025

The Maha Kumbh Mela, an integral part of Indian tradition, is renowned globally as the largest peaceful congregation of people. The festival is a testament to the human quest for divine and spiritual liberation, representing the belief in freedom from the continuous cycle of birth, death and rebirth. This gathering allows millions of devotees to immerse themselves in the holy waters of Ganga, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati, symbolising the purification of the soul and as believed, a path to attaining Moksha or liberation. 

The Amrut snan / Shahi snan (Royal bath) has gained global recognition. It is not just a religious gathering anymore; it has become a spectacle of faith, a cultural extravaganza, attracting not just devotees, but also tourists, researchers and international media. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has inscribed the Kumbh Mela on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, further elevating its status globally. 

The word Prayag has traditionally meant 'a confluence of rivers'. For Prayagraj, it denotes the physical meeting point of the Ganga and the Yamuna in the city. According to ancient belief a third river, the invisible Saraswati, also meets here with the Ganga and the Yamuna.  It is believed that Lord Brahma performed the very first sacrifice (yagya) at this place. 

Triveni sangam (or simply sangam) is a more frequently used name for the confluence. Prayagraj meaning the king of prayagas, is used as a term to indicate that this confluence is the most splendid one of the five sacred confluences in India - the holy grounds for the Kumbh. 

The Kumbh Mela is the largest and the most sacred fair of all which takes place once in 12 years at Prayagraj. This year it is being celebrated from January 13, 2025 to February 26, 2025. A sea of humanity lands up here for a dip in the rivers. The mega fair is a melting point of beliefs and ethnicities, drawing lakhs of Indians and foreigners alike. The people also come to seek spiritual solace.

According to legends , at the time of creation, the devas (gods) and asuras (demons) churned the ocean until the kumbh (pot) of amrit, the nectar of immortality, appeared. A fierce battle for the kumbh ensued, between the devas and asuras. During the 12 days (12 years in human life) struggle over the kumbh, four drops fell on earth, in four different places, and every three years there is a mela (festival) at one of these places to commemorate the devas’ victory in wresting the kumbh from the asuras. It is a victory of light over dark; truth over ignorance; positivity over negativity. 

Monday, January 13, marked the first day of 45­day long Maha Kumbh in Prayagraj, listed by UNESCO as the largest peaceful congregation of pilgrims on earth, where devotees walk miles to take a dip at 'Sangam', the convergence of the holy rivers Ganga and Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati. The fair is visited by Hindu ascetics, saints, ash­ smeared Naga Sadhus, skeleton­-donning, Aghoris and other pilgrims. It is expected to have a footfall of 450 million this year, nearly twice the population of Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous State. 

Kumbh, derived from a Sanskrit word which means a pitcher, is rotationally held every three years at the four riverside cities of Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain and Nasik. Its schedule is based on the planetary alignments mainly of that of Sun and Jupiter. The Ardh (half) is held every six years at Haridwar and Prayagraj while Purna (complete) Kumbh takes place in all four cities every 12 years. The Maha Kumbh happens after 12 Purna Kumbhs in Prayagraj, once in 144years and is considered the most auspicious. The central ritual of the fair remains bathing in icy cold waters of the sacred rivers where millions immerse themselves with the belief that the act will cleanse them of their sins and liberate them from the cycle of birth and death and will attain spiritual liberation. 

Why they matter

FAMILY TRADITIONS

In an age dominated by technology and the hustle of modern life, family traditions serve as an anchor, connecting us to our roots and fostering a sense of belonging. These traditions — whether grand or simple — play a crucial role in shaping positive family dynamics, creating memories, and imparting values to younger generations. 

Foundation for connection: Family traditions, no matter how small, strengthen family bonds. They provide opportunities to come together, share experiences, and celebrate unity. For instance, in many households, festivals like Diwali, Christmas, Eid, etc, are more than just occasions — they are a time for families to come together, perform rituals, and share meals. These moments teach you the importance of togetherness and allow you witness familial bonds. This annual ritual not only reinforces our faith but also creates a space where the entire family reunites — sharing stories, praying and enjoying meals together. 

Passing values: Traditions are a perfect way to instil values in children. While textbooks might teach you about cultural heritage, witnessing and participating in traditions leaves a lasting impact. For example, when you see the family sit down for a meal, keeping their devices away, you learn about the importance of undistracted communication and prioritising relationships over technology. These traditions are more than rituals — they are values in action. By involving in such practices, you learn to respect, express gratitude, and experience the joy of giving. Over time, these values become ingrained, shaping your character and worldview. 

Sense of belonging: In today’s fast-paced world, where devices often replace face-to-face interactions, family traditions offer a much needed respite. They create a sense of belonging, reminding you that they are a part of something bigger than yourselves. A shared tradition, like a festive puja or a simple weekend family meal, reinforces this connection. It provides a sense of identity, helping you understand where you come from and giving a foundation to build your own life.

Creating memories: An amazing part of family traditions is that it offers a chance to create memories. Each time a family comes together for a festival, a game night, or even a weekly Sunday brunch, they add to a pool of cherished moments. These memories become a source of comfort and happiness for you as you grow up. 

Modern challenges: It’s easy to lose touch with family customs amidst the distractions of daily, busy schedules. This is why it’s essential to preserve traditions. They are a reminder of where we come from and provide solace in an ever-changing world. 

Legacy: Whether it’s a religious celebration, a cultural custom, or even a unique family ritual, every tradition is a thread that ties one generation to the next. They enable you to pass down stories, customs, and values to the next generation. This continuity creates a legacy that stands the test of time.

TRADITIONS AROUND THE WORLD

 Christmas Symbols

Christmas has its traditional symbols-Santa, presents, a decorated tree and carols. Some countries, however, have different symbols. Here are some of them:

Sweden: The Yule Goat has been a Swedish Christmas symbol, dating back to ancient pagan festivals. However, in 1966, the tradition got a whole new life after someone came up with the idea to make a giant straw goat, now referred to as the Gävle Goat. According to the official website, the goat is more than 42 feet high, 23 feet wide, and weighs 3.6 tons. Each year, the massive goat is constructed in the same spot. Fans can even watch a livestream from the first Sunday of Advent until after the New Year when it is taken down.

Philippines: Every year, the city of San Fernando holds Ligligan Parul (or Giant Lantern Festival) featuring dazzling parols (lanterns) that symbolize the Star of Bethlehem. Each parol consists of thousands of spinning lights that illuminate the night sky. The festival has made San Fernando the "Christmas Capital of the Philippines".

Iceland: For 13 days, each night before Christmas, Icelandic children are visited by the 13 Yule Lads. Children place their shoes by the window. In the morning, they'll either have received candy (if they're good) or be greeted with shoes full of rotten potatoes if they're bad!

Norway: Their Christmas season, called "julebord", begins on December 3. Norwegians celebrate in bars and restaurants throughout the month. December 23 is called Little Christmas, and rituals include making a gingerbread house, and eating risengrynsgrøt (hot rice pudding).

Holland: Sinterklaas is the Dutch name for Saint Nicholas, the man recognized by children for his long white beard, red cape, and red miter. Children put a shoe by the back door and wake up on Christmas morning to find treats like gingerbread men, marzipan, and chocolate letters.

Austria: The alpine country has a legend that a devil-like creature called Krampus joins their St. Nicholas festivities on December 6. Children are asked for a list of their good and bad deeds: Children who have been good over the year are rewarded with sweets, apples, and nuts, while children considered bad could get a rude surprise from Krampus on Christmas morning.

DO YOU KNOW

Why do we build snowmen?

Building snowmen has been a winter pastime for centuries, especially around Christmas when snowy landscapes feel magical and festive. The tradition of crafting figures out of snow dates back to medieval Europe, where people embraced this chilly, artistic fun. One of the earliest records of a snowman appears in 1380 manuscript called the Book of Hours, showing that building snow figures has a long and frosty history!

During the Renaissance, snowmen became a way to showcase creativity, as artists sculpted elaborate snow figures to impress their communities. In the Netherlands, entire villages would come together to build "snow families" for celebration, turning the snowy streets into mini art galleries. 

Interestingly, snowmen also gained popularity during hard winters when snow was in abundance. It was free, plentiful and perfect for shaping into cheery figures, giving people a way to express their holiday spirit. By the 19th century, snowmen became a Christmas tradition worldwide, thanks to illustrated Christmas cards and stories featuring cheerful snowmen that captured imaginations and spread joy. 

A snowman once stood in a row, with a carrot for a nose, all aglow. Kids laughed and they played, until he started to fade - then he vanished with one final throw!

So next time you build a snowman, remember- you're part of a festive tradition that spans centuries!