A GREAT ADIVASI REVOLUTIONARY

 Tilka Manjhi

Tilka Manjhi was born on 11th February, 1750 in Sultanganj, Bihar.

He was born in a small village called Tilakpur and he belonged to Santhal family. Since childhood, Tilka lived in the shadow of forest civilization and hunted wild animals.

Workout-wrestling, climbing on the big trees, walking in the valleys, playing with wild animals, roaming in wild forests, rivers, etc. were his daily routine of life. Wildlife had made him fearless and brave.

Since childhood, he had seen the tyranny of English people on his family and on the tribal people.

English rulers had their rights on the poor tribe's cultivated land and wild trees. Tribal people, children, women, old men were brutally tortured by the British. The mountains were inhabited by the landlords and they used to keep the British people happy in return for money.

Finally, the day came when Tilka started a rebellion against the British.

Determined to defend his people and land, Tilka organized the Adivasis into an army trained in the use of bows and arrows.

In 1770, there was a severe famine in the Santhal region.

People were dying of hunger.

Tilka looted the treasury of the Company and distributed it among the poor and needy.

Inspired by this noble act of Tilka, many other tribals also joined the rebellion. With this began his “𝐒𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐥 𝐇𝐨𝐨𝐥” (the revolt of the Santhals).

He continued to attack the British and their sycophantic allies.

From 1771 to 1784, Tilka never surrendered.

The year 1784 is considered as the first armed rebellion against the British and was the beginning of the Santhal’s being historically recorded.

Tilka Manjhi attacked Augustus Cleveland, an East India Company administrator and fatally wounded him.

The British surrounded the Tilapore forest from which he operated but he and his men held them at bay for several weeks.

When he was finally caught in 1784, he was tied to the tail of a horse and dragged all the way to the collector's residence at Bhagalpur, Bihar, India. There, his lacerated body was hung from a banyan tree.

A statue of him was erected at the spot where he was hanged after Indian independence, which is the nearby residence of S.P. Bhagalpur and named after him.

Also, the Bhagalpur University was renamed after him - Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University.

Another statue was established in Dumka,

Jharkhand.

CAREER CHOICES

 The World is your classroom

It’s all about the courses which you study now and secure your career journey with, as these courses have peak requirements in employment across the globe. Develop the required skills at every step of life, keep upgrading your knowledge, and by doing so you will never go out of trend.

As Lao Tzu said, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” Ensure that you are taking that first step in the right direction with the right guidance.

Here are a few in-demand courses that offer students more job opportunities, and finally, a lucrative career.

 1. Technology:

Ever-emerging technologies have become a part of our daily life, and as the future approaches, many more people will be required to handle these technologies.

The digital revolution continues to enrich humans as technology progresses each day.

The niche fields which will help students develop their skills in this domain are Machine Learning, Web Design and Application Development, Cyber-crime and E-investigation, Software Engineering, Digital System Technology and Embedded Systems, Semi-conductors technology, Big Data, Data Communication, Data Warehousing and Data Mining, Data Scientists, Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, Cyber Security, Network Security, Forensic Science, Wireless Communication, Computer Animation, Computer Networking, Computer Games Development, Computer Graphics, Multimedia, Image Analysis, Applied Computing, Mobile Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Bio-informatics, Microprocessing, Virtual Reality, Internet of Things (IoT), Advanced Robotics, Biometric Technology, Automation Technology, Cryptocurrency, Aviation Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing, Aerospace Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Mechatronic Engineering, Oil and Petroleum Engineering, Textile Engineering, Ecotechnology, Biomedical Technology and Food Technology.

2. Medicine:

Medicine has always been a lucrative and noble profession.

There is an increasing demand for good quality healthcare and medicine globally, more than ever.

Since the past few decades, the medical industry has been undergoing massive changes worldwide in terms of ideas exchanged and services delivered. Medical aspirant students can enrol in one of the following popular courses: Orthodontics, Neurology, Ophthalmology, Embryology, Cardiology, Veterinary Science, Pathology, Anatomy, Orthopaedics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radiology, General Medicine, Dermatology, Radiotherapy, Urology, Anaesthesia, Nursing and Physiotherapy.

 3. Science:

To study as a science major, from biology and chemistry to ecology and neuroscience, a few of the subjects you can specialize in are: Agriculture Studies, Astronomy, Agro-ecology and Sustainable Food Systems, Principles of Biology, Genetics, Organic Chemistry, Tropical Marine Biology, Biochemistry, Calculus I, Natural Resource Management, Sustainable Development in Rural Costa Rica, Plant Biodiversity, Marine biology, Ecology, Urban Planning, Environmental Science, Zoology, Geology, Microbiology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Animal Science, Aquaculture, Cell Biology, Biomedical Science, Cell Biology, Conservation Biology, Entomology, Food Science, Forensic Science, Forestry, Genetics, Horticulture, Marine biology, Molecular biology, Oceanography, Oenology, Vet Science and Viticulture.

4. Commerce:

Commerce students go on to become business leaders and entrepreneurs making a good fortune. Ever-popular and highly in-demand courses which end in accomplished careers are Business Law, Business Administration, Finance, Asset Management, Broking, Investment Management, Marketing, HR Management, Accounting, Management, Economics, International business, Cryptocurrency, Management Science, E-Commerce, Entrepreneurship, Quality Management, Transportation and Logistics, Digital and Interactive Media Communication, Photography, Hospitality, Hotel Management, Leisure Management, and Travel and Tourism.

 

5. Arts:

As an art student, the opportunity to study renowned works of art up-close and in-person serves as an important supplement to your classroom learning and studio experience. While you may be fortunate enough to have a fine selection of art near your home university, many students will need to travel to see works of the masters in person or to see more specific and concentrated pieces that directly relate to a given medium or art specialty. Popular courses in this field are: Art History, Designing and Fine Arts, Archaeology, Languages, Political Science, Sociology, Musicology, Philosophy, Library and Information Science, Professional Writing, Graphic Designing, Content Writing, Interior Designer, Musical Instruments, News Journalism, Fashion Designing, Digital Marketing, Hospitality Management, Film-Making, Media and Journalism, Airport Management, Entrepreneurship, and Cosmetology.

Picture the world as your classroom with each destination a new interactive textbook where, instead of reading, you are experiencing history, art, culture, fashion, food and the arts in real-time!

CALLIGRAPHY

 

“Calligraphy is the most intimate, personal, spontaneous form of expression. Like a fingerprint or a voice, it is unique for each person."              --- Hermann Zapf

 Calligraphy is the art of beautiful handwriting — elegant and stylized.

The term ‘calligraphy’ is derived from the Greek words kallos (beauty) and graphein (to write).

It is an ancient writing technique using flat-edged pens to create artistic lettering using thick and thin lines depending on the direction of the stroke.

In this artistic style of writing, one can form beautiful symbols by hand and arrange them well.

It’s a set of skills and techniques for positioning and inscribing words.

Also known as fancy penmanship, calligraphy requires highly decorative handwriting.

Before the invention of the printing press, calligraphy fonts were used to bring charm and elegance to any handcrafted project.

Although Europe had entered the age of printing in the 16th and 17th centuries, calligraphy continued to flourish.

Over the years, though this art of fancy writing had been diminishing, it is slowly making a comeback.

Calligraphy is really enjoyable and one should surely consider this as a hobby to spice up one’s life.

It can be relaxing, fulfilling and rewarding.

Many teenagers like a creative pastime and calligraphy is one of the ideal ways to spend time creatively.

Calligraphy is a great hobby for all those who already have beautiful handwriting and also for those who want to improve their handwriting.

If someone has beautiful handwriting then learning calligraphy can be a great idea to get further amazing handwriting for writing special letters and notes. Likewise, all those who are tired of their embarrassing handwriting can beautify their handwriting by learning the simple drills for improving the handwriting. Many schools have started recommending calligraphy as it is the best way of improving a child’s handwriting right from elementary school.

Research shows that calligraphy as a skill increases one’s self-esteem.

The process of creating calligraphy is a joy in itself and many people, regardless of their age, are making it a hobby.

Calligraphy and hand-lettering are relatively easy, unfussy and affordable. Whether written by hand or designed for printed media, calligraphy offers much and is a useful skill for expressing oneself.

It is an outlet for creativity and a great way to disconnect from gadgets.

This aspect of beautiful writing has been appreciated as an art form in many different cultures throughout the world.

It has been taken up as a hobby and many calligraphy professionals have enhanced their work with watercolour backgrounds, brush, pen flowers and many other creative elements.

In this modern era, one can learn calligraphy online from the many classes available — both hand-drawn and digital.

One can learn flourishes, brush lettering, left handed techniques and many more.

All those who have already been pursuing this hobby can take their love for calligraphy a notch higher with a collection of beautiful calligraphy fountain pens and calligraphy sets.

Since calligraphy is nothing but the art of producing beautiful writing, one needs to have special pens or brushes to help you create beautiful hand-lettering work.

There are pens for beginners, experts and all skill levels.

Calligraphy is an awesome hobby to adopt because it’s inexpensive.

It is also creative and can relieve stress which is excellent for personal wellbeing.

It is a hobby one can pursue for a lifetime.

 

Let's Write Beautifully!

ONLY INDIAN CITIZEN TO TRAVEL IN SPACE

 Rakesh Sharma

Born on January 13, 1949 in Patiala, Punjab, he attended St. Georges Grammar School, Hyderabad & graduated from Nizam College, Hyderabad.

He was admitted to National Defence Academy as an air force plebe in July 1966.

He was commissioned into Indian Air Force (IAF) as a pilot in 1970.

He progressed through numerous levels where in 1984 he was promoted to rank of squadron leader.

He was selected on 20 September 1982 to become a cosmonaut and go into space as part of a joint program between IAF & Soviet Interkosmos space programme.

In 1984, he became the first Indian citizen to enter space when he flew aboard Soviet rocket Soyuz T-11 launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic on 3 April 1984.

Soyuz T-11 spacecraft docked and transferred three member Soviet-Indian international crew, consisting of ship's commander, Yury Malyshev and flight engineer, Gennadi Strekalov, to Salyut 7 Orbital Station.

He spent 7 days, 21 hours & 40 minutes aboard Salyut 7 during which his team conducted scientific & technical studies which included 43 experimental sessions.

His work was mainly in fields of bio-medicine & remote sensing.

The crew held a joint television news conference with officials in Moscow & then Indian PM Indira Gandhi.

When Gandhi asked him how India looked from outer space, he replied, 'Sare Jahan Se Accha'.

With his voyage aboard Soyuz T-11, India became 14th nation to send a man to outer space.

He retired as a wing commander and later joined Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in 1987, serving as chief test pilot in HAL Nashik Division until 1992, before moving on to Bangalore to work as HAL's chief test pilot.

He retired from flying in 2001.

He was conferred honour of Hero of the Soviet Union upon his return from space.

He remains to date the only Indian to have been conferred this honour.

India conferred its highest peacetime gallantry award, Ashoka Chakra, on him, Malyshev & Strekalov.

FESTIVAL

 Makar Sankranti

मकर संक्रांति में 'मकर’ शब्द हमें मकर राशि से जोड़ते है।

•• मकरसंक्रातौ मकर इति शब्द: अस्मान् मकरराशिना सह योजयति।

In ‘Makar Sankranti’, the word ‘Makar’ connects us with zodiac sign of Capricorn.

 

वही संक्रांति का अर्थ- लांघते हुए प्रवेश करना है।

•• तदेव संक्रांते: अर्थ: यत् संक्रममाणः प्रवेशः अस्ति।

‘Sankranti’ means to enter by crossing.

 

मकर संक्रांति के दिन सूर्य धनु राशि से मकर राशि में प्रवेश करता है।

••मकरसंक्रातिदिवसे सूर्य: धनुराशे: मकरराशिं प्रति प्रविशति।

On the day of Makar Sankranti, the sun enters Capricorn from Sagittarius.

इस दिन से सूर्य दक्षिणायन से उत्तरायण की ओर आता है।

•• •• एतस्मात् दिनाङ्कात् सूर्यो दक्षिणाया्नात् उत्तरायणं प्रति आयाति।

From this day Dakshinayan period of sun ends and Uttarayan starts i.e. from this day rays of the sun start falling on the northern hemisphere.

 मकरसक्रांति के दिन सूर्य देव एक राशि से दूसरी राशि में प्रवेश करते हैं ,उसे ही मकर संक्रांति कहा जाता है।

•• मकरसंक्रातिदिवसे सूर्यदेव:  एकस्मात् राशे: अपरराशिं प्रविशति,एषा एव घटना मकरसंक्राति: कथ्यते।

On this day of Makar Sankranti, sun God enters from one zodiac sign to another, that itself is called Makar Sankranti.

एक सक्रांति से दूसरी सक्रांति के बीच के समय को सौर मास का जाता है।

•• द्वयो: संक्रातयो: मध्यकाल: सौरमासः कथ्यते।

The time between one solstice to another

is known as a solar month.

वैसे देखा जाए तो 12 सूर्य सक्रांति हैं लेकिन इनमें से चार महत्वपूर्ण हैं मेष, कर्क, तुला, मकर सक्रांति है।

•• यद्यपि  सर्वे द्वादश: सूर्यसंक्रान्तय: सन्ति , परन्तु एतेषु चत्वार: महत्त्वपूर्णा: सन्ति - मेष:,कर्क:,तुला , मकर: इत्यादय: संक्रातय: सन्ति।

In fact there are 12 Surya Sankrantis, but four of them are important: Aries, Cancer, Libra and Capricorn.

मकर संक्रांति का पर्व देशभर में अलग-अलग रूप में मनाया जाता है।

•• मकरसंक्रातिपर्व सकलदेशे पृथक्-पृथग्रूपेण आचर्यते।

The festival of Makar Sankranti is celebrated in different forms across the country.

ज्योतिष शास्त्र के मुताबिक ये पर्व बेहद खास माना जाता है।

•• ज्योतिषशास्त्रानुसारं एतत् पर्व अतीव विशिष्टं मन्यते।

According to Astrology, this festival is considered very special.

मकर संक्रांति के दिन नदी और जलकुंड में स्नान करके दान-पुण्य के कार्य किए जाते हैं।

•• मकरसंक्रांतिदिवसे नद्यां जलकुण्डे च स्नात्वा दानपुण्ययो: कार्यं क्रियते।

On the day of Makar Sankranti, bath is taken in the rivers and other holy water bodies followed by rituals associated with charity.

मकर सक्रांति के दिन शुभ मुहूर्त में दान, पुण्य,स्नान, पूजा-पाठ आदि करने से बहुत पुण्य मिलता है।

•• मकरसंक्रातिदिवसे शुभमुहुर्ते दानेन च पुण्यकार्येन च स्नानेन च पूजापाठेन च भृशं पुण्यम् आप्यते।

On the auspicious day of Makar Sankranti, charity, holy bath, worship, chanting etc. are of great importance.

कुछ विशेष चीजों का दान करने से दोगुना फल प्राप्त होता है।

•• केषाञ्चन विशिष्टवस्तूनां दानेन द्विगुणं फलम् आप्यते।

Donating special things gives is of double benefit.

स्वास्थ्य पर भी इस पर्व से  अच्छा प्रभाव पड़ता है।

•• स्वास्थ्येऽपि अस्य सकरात्मक: प्रभावो भवति।

This festival also has good effect on health.

मकर सक्रांति पूजा के लिए सुबह जल्दी उठकर स्नान आदि कर के तैयार हो जाना चाहिए।

•• मकरसंक्रातिपूजनस्य कृते प्रात: शीघ्रम् उत्थाय स्नानादिकं कृत्वा सज्जीभूयात्।

One should get ready early in the morning for Makar Sankranti Puja by taking bath etc.

उसके बाद आटे और हल्दी से सूर्य भगवान का घर बनाकर उसके अंदर चांद, सूर्य, छाया आदि का चित्र बनाएं।

•• तदनन्तरं गोधूमहरिद्रचूर्णयो मिश्रणेन सूर्यदेवस्य गृहनिर्माणं कुर्यात् तस्य च अन्तर्भागे चन्द्र: सूर्य: छाया इत्यादीनां चित्रनिर्माणं कुर्यात्।

After that, make a house of the Sun God with flour and turmeric and make a picture of moon, sun, shadow etc.

उसके बाद दीपक जलाकर जल चढ़ाना चाहिए।

•• तदनन्तरं दीपं ज्वालयित्वा जलार्पणं कुर्यात्।

After that the lamp should be lit and water should be offered.

उसके बाद आप पूजा प्रारंभ करके माथे पर तिलक लगाकर मूली, गेहूं, तिल और लड्डू आदि चढ़ाना चाहिए।

••तदनन्तरं भवान् पूजनकार्यस्य प्रारम्भं कृत्वा मस्तके तिलकलेपनं कृत्वा मूलकं गोधूम: तिलं मोदकं चेत्यादीनाम् अर्पणं कुर्यात्।

After that you should start worship and apply tilak on the forehead and offer radish, wheat, sesame and laddoos etc.

आप को दान करना है तो उसकी भी पूजा करें , बाद में इन मंत्रों का उच्चारण करना चाहिए।

•• भवता दानं करणीयं यत् तस्यापि पूजनकार्यं कुर्यात् तदनन्तरं च एतन्मन्त्रोच्चारणं कुर्यात्।

If you want to donate, then worship that too, later the following mantras are to be chanted.

 

ॐ सूर्याय नमः,ॐ आदित्याय नमः,ॐ सप्तार्चिषे नमः,ॐ सवित्रे नमः,ॐ मार्तण्डाय नमः,ॐ विष्णवे नमः,ॐ भास्कराय नमः,ॐ भानवे नम:, ॐ मरिचये नमः।

मकर सक्रांति के दिन दान पुण्य करने का महत्व।

•• मकरसंक्रातिदिने दानपुण्यकार्यस्य महत्त्वम्।

Doing charity on this day of utmost importance.

मकर संक्रांति के दिन तिल का दान का खास महत्व होता है। इस दिन ब्राह्माणों को तिल से बनी चीजों का दान करना शुभ माना जाता है।

•• मकरसंक्रांतिदिवसे तिलदानस्य विशिष्टो महत्त्वो भवति। अस्मिन्दिने  ब्राह्माणेभ्य: तिलनिर्मितवस्तूनां दानं शुभं मन्यते।

On this day, donating sesame is of special significance, giving items made of sesame to Brahmins is of great importance.

मकर संक्रांति के दिन किसी जरूरतमंद को कंबल का दान करना अच्छा माना जाता है। मान्यता है कि कंबल का दान करने से राहु का अशुभ प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता है।

••मकरसंक्रांतिदिने कस्मैचन निर्धनाय दानं पुण्यकार्यं मन्यते। मन्यते यत् कम्बलदानेन राहो: अशुभप्रभावो न भवति।

On the day of Makar Sankranti, it is considered good to donate a blanket to the needy. It is believed that by donating a blanket, Rahu (one of the nine major celestial bodies (navagraha) in Hindu texts and the king of meteors) does not produce inauspicious effect.

मकर संक्रांति को खिचड़ी भी कहा जाता है।इस दिन खिचड़ी का दान करना बहुत शुभ होता है। किसी जरूरतमंद व्यक्ति को इस दिन चावल और उड़द की दाल की बनी खिचड़ी दान करेंने से शुभ फल प्राप्त होता है।

•• मकरसंक्रांति: कृशरपर्व इत्यपि कथ्यते।दिनेऽस्मिन् कृशरदानम् अतीव शुभं भवति।अस्मिन् दिने कस्मैचन निर्धनाय तण्डूलमाषै: निर्मितकृशरदानेन शुभफलम् आप्यते।

Makar Sankranti is also called Khichdi. It is very auspicious to donate Khichdi on this day. Donating khichdi made of rice and urad dal to a needy person on this day gives auspicious results.

 मकर संक्रांति के दिन किसी व्यक्ति को नए वस्त्र का दान जरूर करना चाहिए। ऐसा करने से घर में सुख व समृद्धि आती है।

•• मकरसंक्रातिदिवसे कस्मैचन जनाय नूतनवस्त्रस्य दानम् अवश्यं कुर्यात्।एवं करणेन गृहे सुखसमृद्धे: आगमनं भवति।

On the day of Makar Sankranti 

newclothes should be given in charity to a

person. Doing this brings happiness and

prosperity in the house.

मकर संक्रांति में गुड़ दान करने से पुण्य मिलता है और परिवार में सुख और समृद्धि आती है।

••मकरसंक्रातिदिवसे गुडदानेन पुण्यस्य प्राप्तिर्भवति तथा परिवारे सुखसमृद्धीनाम् आगमनं भवति।

Donating jaggery gives virtue and brings happiness and prosperity in the family.

इस दिन गुड़ और तिल से बना हुआ मिठाई अवश्य खाना चाहिए।गुड़ और तिल के बने हुए मिठाई को खाने से मनुष्य हर तरह के रोगों से मुक्त रहता है।

••अस्मिन् दिवसे गुडतिलै: निर्मितं मिष्टान्नम् अवश्यं भक्षणीयम्।गुडतिलै: निर्मितानां मिष्टान्नानां भक्षणेन मनुष्य: सर्वविधिभ्य: रोगेभ्यो मुक्तो भवति।

Sweets made of jaggery and sesame must be eaten on this day. By doing so, one remains free from all kinds of diseases.

DO YOU KNOW?

 Who is Mount Everest named after?

Mount Everest is named after Sir George Everest (1790-1866), a British Geographer who distinguished himself as Surveyor-General of India from 1830-1843.

Born in Wales, Everest studied at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich and later joined the army.

In 1806, he travelled to India as a cadet in the Bengal Artillery.

In 1818, he was appointed as an assistant to Colonel William Lambton, who had started the Great Trigonometric Survey of the sub-continent in 1806.

When Lambton died in 1823, Everest took over the post of superintendent of the survey. In 1830, he was appointed Survey-General of India.

Sir George Everest was largely responsible for completing the section of the Great Trigonometric Survey of India along the meridian arc from the south of India extending north to Nepal, a distance of approximately 2400 kilometres.

Everest retired in 1843 and returned to live in England, where he became a Fellow of the Royal Society.

He was knitted in 1861, and in the following year he was elected Vice-President of the Royal Geographical Society.

ZOROASTRIAN FOLK STORY

 Spider to the rescue

It was a time of terror and confusion. Persia had been invaded and Zoroastrians were being put to the sword. 

A few important resistance fighters had eluded capture.

Weary and half-starved, they moved from one hiding place to another. 

Finally they came to the base of a tall mountain. 

They knew they could not scale it in their weakened state, and they prepared to make their last stand there.

Suddenly one of them espied a cave a little way up the face of the mountain. Summoning the last reserves of their strength they made their way to it, and entering, fell exhausted to the floor. Hardly had they recovered their breadth when they heard the enemy soldiers riding up the mountain. 

The men in the cave felt their end was near. 

They were trapped. 

All that they could do was pray, and that is what they began to do, silently but fervently. 

And then an amazing thing happened. 

A spider appeared at the mouth of the cave and began to spin a web. 

Within seconds it has spun a web so big that it covered the entire entrance.

The enemy soldiers saw the cave and were preparing to climb up to it when their leader saw the spider’s web strung across the entrance. 

He said, “The spider’s web is intact. That means no one has entered the cave. Let’s not waste time here!”

The soldiers rode away, to the great joy of fugitives. 

They gave thanks to God convinced that it was He who had sent the spider.

The story is part of Zoroastrian folklore, and tied to it is the tradition of never harming spiders.