SANSKRIT SUBHASHITANI

🌿परस्य पीडया लब्धं धर्मस्योल्लंघनेन च। आत्मावमानसंप्राप्तं न धनं तत् सुखाय वै।।

🌞यत् धनं अन्यं पीडयित्वा धर्मम् उल्लङ्घ्य अथवा अपमानं सहित्वा प्राप्यते तस्मात् न कदापि सुखं प्राप्यते केनापि।

🌷दूसरों को दु:ख देकर , धर्म का उल्लंघन करके या खुद का अपमान सहकर मिले हुए धन से कभी सुख नही प्राप्त होता ।
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दुर्लभं त्रयमेवैतत् देवानुग्रहहेतुकम् ।

मनुष्यत्वं मुमुक्षुत्वं महापुरुषसंश्रय:॥

मनुजजन्म मोक्षम् अवाप्तुमिच्छा तथा श्रेष्ठजनानां सङ्गतिः इत्येते ईश्वरानुग्रहेण भवति। 

मनुष्य जन्म, मुक्ति की इच्छा तथा महापुरूषों का संश्रय (सत्संग), यह तीन चीजें परमेश्वर की कृपा पर ही निर्भर रहती हैं ।

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क्षमासारा हि साधवः।

सज्जन लोग  हमेशा क्षमाशील होतें हैं।

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गतं तु नानुशोचन्ति गतं तु गतमेव हि।

जो बात बीत गयी, सो बीत गयी,, इसलिए बुद्धिमान लोग बीती बात के लिए बार बार शोक नहीं करतें।

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उत्साहवन्तः पुरुषा नावसीदन्ति कर्मसु          

जिनके हृदय में उत्साह होता है वे पुरुष कठिन से कठिन कार्य आ पड़ने पर हिम्मत नहीं हारते।

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आत्मज्ञानं समारम्भः तितिक्षा धर्मनित्यता।

यमर्थान्नापकर्षन्ति  स  वै  पण्डित  उच्यते।।

यः आत्मनः विषये जानाति कल्याणकारीषु कर्मसु प्रवर्तते सहनशीलः अस्ति धर्मप्रवृत्तिः यस्य वर्तते तथा यं जनं इन्द्रियार्थाः न कर्षन्ति तादृशः जनः पण्डितः उच्यते।

जो स्वयं अपनी योग्यता से परिचित हो व तथानुसार कल्याणकारी कार्य करता हो, जिसमें कष्ट सहने की शक्ति हो व जो विपरीत परिस्थितियों में भी धर्म से विमुख न हो, ऐसा व्यक्ति ही सच्चा ज्ञानी कहलाता है।

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आत्मज्ञानं समारम्भस्तितिक्षा धर्म नित्यता ।

यमार्थन्नापकर्षन्ति स वै पण्डित उच्यते ग।।

ज्ञानी वही है जो अपनी उपयोगिता तथा जानता है, संघर्षशील है, जिसके अन्दर समस्याओं से लड़ने का सामर्थ्य है और जो किसी भी परिस्थिति में अपने कर्तव्य पथ से विचलित नहीं होता है, वही पण्डित कहलाता है।

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अभियुक्तं बलवता दुर्बलं हीनसाधनम् ।

हृतस्वं कामिनं चोरमाविशन्ति प्रजागरः॥

जिस साधन रहित, दुर्बल मनुष्य का किसी बलवान के साथ विरोध हो गया हो, जिसने अपना सब कुछ खो दिया हो, कामी पुरुष तथा चोर को रात में जागने का रोग लग जाता है।

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दश धर्मं न जानन्ति धृतराष्ट्र निबोध तान् ।

मत्तः प्रमत्त उन्मत्तः श्रान्तः क्रुद्धो बुभुक्षितः ॥

दस प्रकार के लोग धर्म को नहीं जानते - नशे में मतवाला, असावधान, पागल, थका हुआ, क्रोधी, भूखा, जल्दबाज, लोभी, भयभीत और कामी ये दस हैं। अतः इन सब लोगों में विद्वान् पुरुष आसक्ति न बढ़ावे ॥

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नात्मार्थं नापि कामार्थम् अतः भूतदयां प्रति ।

वर्तते यश्चिकित्सायां सः सर्वमतिवर्तते।।

स एव सर्वश्रेष्ठः चिकित्सकः वर्तते यः स्वार्थं न दृष्ट्वा वित्तं न दृष्ट्वा केवलं दयाकारणेन चिकित्सां करोति।

 Most exalted healthworker is the one who treats patients, purely for the feeling of mercy, without caring wealth or any other material benefits.

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कटु क्वणन्तो मलदायकाः खलाः तुदन्त्यलं बन्धनशृङ्खला इव।

मनस्तु साधुध्वनिभिः पदे पदे हरन्ति सन्तो मणिनूपुरा इव॥

जैसे कर्णकटु शब्द करने वाली तथा बन्धन के स्थल को काला बना देने वाली जंजीरे वैसे ही कटु वचन बोलने वाले तथा दूसरों पर मिथ्या कलङ्क लगाने वाले दुष्ट व्यक्ति अत्यधिक दुःख देते हैं। इसके विपरीत सज्जन पद-पद पर मधुर ध्वनि से प्रत्येक पादन्यास पर मणि के नूपुर की तरह मन मोह लेते हैं।

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वरं पर्वतदुर्गेषु भ्रान्तं वनचरैः सह।

न मूर्खजनसम्पर्कः सुरेन्द्रभवनेष्वपि॥

हिंसक पशुओं के साथ जंगल में और दुर्गम पहाड़ों पर विचरण करना कहीं बेहतर है परन्तु मूर्खजन के साथ स्वर्ग में रहना भी श्रेष्ठ नहीं है ।

It is better to roam with the wild beasts in dense forest and difficult mountains than to live in the mansions of Lord Of the gods Indra in company of a fool.

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निर्धना धनमिच्छन्ति वाचं चैव चतुष्पदाः । मानवाः स्वर्गमिच्छन्ति मोक्षमिच्छन्ति देवताः।।

चाह सब को है निर्धन को धन की इच्छा, पशु चार पैर वाले को बचन (बोलने) की इच्छा और देवता मोक्ष की इच्छा रखते हैं।।

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नास्ति मेघसमं तोयं नास्ति आत्मसमं बलम्। नास्ति चक्षुः समं तेजो नास्ति चान्नसमं प्रियम्।।

मेघ के जल के समान दूसरा जल उत्तम नहीं, आत्मबल के समान और दूसरा बल नहीं। नेत्र तेज के समान दूसरा तेज नहीं और अन्न के समान दूसरी कोई वस्तु प्यारी इस संसार में नहीं है।

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आरोप्यते शिला शैले यत्नेन महता यथा।

पात्यते तु क्षणेनाधस्तथात्मा गुणदोषयो:||

शिला को पर्वत के उपर ले जाना कठिन कार्य है परन्तु उपर से नीचे धकेलना अत्यंत सरल है । ऐसे ही मनुष्य को सद्गुणों से युक्त करना कठिन है परंतु दुर्गुणों से भरना अत्यंत सुलभ है।

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धनहीनो न हीनश्च धनिकः स सुनिश्चयः। विद्यारत्नेन यो हीनः स हीनः सर्ववस्तुषु||

धन का न होना धन हीन (निर्धनी) नहीं कहाता यानी उसे हीन नहीं कहा जाता हीन तो वस्तुतः वही मनुष्य है जो विद्याहीन है-विद्या विहीन ही हीन हैं और विद्यावान तो परम धनी है ।।

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नाऽस्ति कामसमो व्याधिर्नाऽस्ति मोहसमो रिपुः।

नाऽस्ति कोपसमो वह्निर्नाऽस्ति ज्ञानात् परं सुखम्॥

काम के समान दूसरा कोई रोग नहीं है। मोह की तरह दूसरा कोई शत्रु नहीं है। क्रोध जैसी अन्य कोई आग नहीं है और ज्ञान से श्रेष्ठ कोई सुख नहीं है।

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एकाकी चिन्तयेन्नित्यं विविक्ते हितमात्मनः।

एकाकी चिन्तमानो हि परं श्रेयोऽधिगच्छति।।

एकान्त स्थान में अकेला ही अपने हित का नित्य चिन्तन करना चाहिए, क्योंकि अकेले सोचनेवाला ही परम श्रेय को प्राप्त करता है।

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अनधीत्य शब्दशास्त्रं योऽन्यच्छास्त्रं समीहते कर्तुम्।

सोऽहेः पदानि गणयति निशि तमसि जले चिरगतस्य॥

Having not learnt the grammar, the one who tries to write any other literary text, (it is like) he is trying count the legs of snake during a dark night that has gone in water since a long time.

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स जीवति गुणा यस्य धर्मो यस्य स जीवति।

गुणधर्मविहीनो यो निष्फलं तस्य जीवनम्।।

जो गुणवान है वही जीवित है। जो धार्मिक है वही जीवित है। जो गुण व धर्म से रहित है उसका जीवन निष्फल है।

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वाणी रसवती यस्य यस्य श्रमवती क्रिया।

लक्ष्मीः दानवती यस्य सफलं तस्य जीवितं।।

जिस मनुष्य की वाणी मीठी है, जिसका कार्य परिश्रम से युक्त है, जिसका धन दान करने में प्रयुक्त होता है, उसका जीवन सफल है।

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मूर्खस्य पञ्च चिह्नानि गर्वो दुर्वचनं तथा ।

क्रोधश्च दृढवादश्च परवाक्येष्वनादरः।।

एक मूर्ख के पांच लक्षण होते हैं घमण्ड, दुष्ट वार्तालाप, क्रोध, जिद्दी तर्क और अन्य लोगों के लिए सम्मान में कमी ।

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योऽर्चितं प्रतिगृह्णाति ददात्यर्चितमेव च।

तावुभौ गच्छत: स्वर्गं नरकं तु विपर्यये।।

आदर से देने वाले एवं आदर से लेने वाले, दोनों स्वर्ग प्राप्त करते हैं और इस नियम के अपवादी (नहीं मानने वाले) नरक में जाते हैं।

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अपूज्या यत्र पूज्यन्ते पूजनीयो न पूज्यते।

त्रीणि तत्र भविष्यन्ति दारिद्र्यं मरणं भयम्॥

सम्माननीय का अपमान और अपूज्यों का सम्मान दारिद्र्य, मरण एवं भय का कारक होता है।

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अपरे बन्धुवर्गे वा मित्रे द्वेष्टारि वा सदा ।

आत्मवद्वर्तनं यत्स्यात् सा दया परिकीर्तिता ॥

कोई बाहरी व्यक्ति हो या बन्धुजन, मित्र हो या शत्रु उन सबके प्रति अपने जैसा व्यवहार करना दया कहलाता है।

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सुखं हि दुःखान्यनुभूय शोभते घनान्धकारेष्विव दीपदर्शनम्।

सुखात्तु यो याति नरो दरिद्रतां धृतः शरीरेण मृतः स जीवति।।

दुःख का अनुभव करने के बाद ही सुख का अनुभव शोभा देता है जैसे कि घने अँधेरे से निकलने के बाद दीपक का दर्शन अच्छा लगता है।

सुख से रहने के बाद जो मनुष्य दरिद्र हो जाता है, वह शरीर रख कर भी मृतक जैसे ही जीवित रहता है।

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शुश्रूषा श्रवणं चैव ग्रहणं धारणं तथा ।

उहापोहोर्थविज्ञानं तत्वज्ञानं च धीगुणा:॥

सुनने की इच्छा, सुनना, ग्रहण करना, याद रखना, ऊहा (तर्क-वितर्क), आपोह (सिद्धान्त निश्चय) अर्थज्ञान तथा तत्वज्ञान, ये बुद्धि के आठ अंग हैं ।

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WISE SAYINGS IN SANSKRIT

 Subhashitani

 

A Subhashita (Sanskrit: सुभाषित) is a literary genre of Sanskrit epigrammatic poems and their message is an aphorism, maxim, advice, fact, truth, lesson or riddle. "Su" in Sanskrit means good; "Bhashita" means spoken. Subhashita means good speech. They are wise sayings, instructions and stories, composed in Sanskrit language.

Subhashitas act as teacher in formulating the sense of morality and character, which sums up the total of a person's virtues including dispositions, behaviours, habits, likes, dislikes, capacities, traits, ideals, ideas, values, feelings and intuitions.

Subhashitas in Sanskrit are short verses, easy to memorise, typically in four Padas(verses) but sometimes just two, but their structure follows a metre.

Subhashitas are one of many forms of creative works that have survived from the ancient and medieval era of India, and sometimes also known as Suktis.

Ancient and medieval Indian literature created tens of thousands of Subhashitas covering a vast range of subjects.

Subhashitas are known for their inherent moral and ethical advice, instructions in wordly wisdom and guidance in making righteous deeds.

Subhashitas create an appeal as the inherent message is conveyed through poems which quote practical examples which are often rhythmic in nature. Some authors even relate Subhashitas to sugar coated bitter medicines considering their worthiness.

The Subhashita deals with various subjects and includes topics of day to day experiences that everyone can easily relate to.

A Subhashita is always eloquent in form, structured in a poetic form, complete in itself and concisely depicts a single emotion, idea, Dharma, truth or situation.

Subhashitas are drawn from real life and give fruit of philosophy grafted on the stem of experience!

Some categorise verses in praise of Gods too as Subhashitas. 

Subhashitas सुभाषित are two or four liners in poetic form which deal with topics like:

1. Stuti(praise) स्तुति of deities.

2. Prashamsaa प्रशंसा (Praise/Appreciation/Admiration) of say, poets, Good people, of Knowledge—Vidya.

3. Ninda निन्दा blaming the vices, the bad people, (durjana दुर्जन), In short, extol virtues and highlight vices.

4. Comments on social mores, advice on moral and ethical values to be followed.

5. Neeti नीति (Values) political, moral, social etc.

6. Puzzles and riddles.

7. Nature and seasons.

8. Highlight peculiarities of human nature and behaviour as compared to animals, plants etc.

9. Humorous couplets or four liners about Gods and Goddesses and superimposing human values and frailties on them.

10. The “Navarasas” नवरस   in literature (Hasya, हास्य Shringara, शृंगार Bhaya भाव etc), and many more.

Example of सुभाषित:

पृथिव्यां त्रीणि रत्नानि जलमन्नं सुभाषितम्   

मूढैः पाषाणखण्डेषु रत्नसंज्ञाऽभिधीयते

Meaning: There are three gems (most precious things) in the world --- water, food and wise sayings. 

Only the fools call bits of rock as gems.

FIBRE TO FABRIC

 The Indian textile industry

India’s textile industry is intrinsically connected to the ancient cultures and traditions of our country. It is one of the oldest industries and has a close linkage with agriculture --- cotton and jute are farm products that are used as raw materials.

Earliest-known technology: Scholars are of the opinion that a textile industry existed during the Indus Valley Civilisation and textile production techniques came to the West only 2,000 years later. Textiles were initially made of naturally derived materials such as cotton, silk and wool, apart from bast and leaf fibres. The most basic technique was to spin the fibre into yarn and then hand-weave it into fabric. In many parts of India, the tools used for these processes were, and continue to be, made of wood.

Changes over centuries: From being able to make a simple piece of cloth, artisanship bloomed as weavers learnt to make patterns and designs. Mughal rule brought about much prosperity in the textile sector as artisans received many incentives and complements for their handiwork in various courts. The industrial revolution’s impact found its way to India via colonization and Indian textiles that relied on traditional skilled and hand-based techniques faced a major setback.

The need to make more products in less time grew with the advent of machines and thus cotton mills came into existence. Cotton mills are large establishments that use machines to spin yarn and weave cloth. The first mill was established at Fort Gloster near Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1818. But the real beginning of modern textiles in India came several years later in Bombay (now Mumbai) when the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company was established on July 7, 1854 by Cowaszee Nanabhoy Davar and his associates. While the industry flourished for a while, famines towards the end of the 1800s led to the closure of several mills.

World War II and the Swadeshi Movement provided a much-needed stimulus to the textile industry. By 1945, there were 417 mills employing 5.10 lakh workers. After independence, the cotton textile industry grew significantly under the Indian government’s five-year plans.

The concept of ‘fashion-design’ came about only in the 1980s and even then, most designers focused on ‘one-of-a-kind’ garments. The establishment of the National Institute of Fashion Technology by the Indian government in 1986 served as a catalyst for a new era of fashion designing. Economic liberalisation brought global pop culture to India, which led to a more widespread pool of designers and the introduction of ‘ready-to-wear’ clothing in the 1990s. Thus trend intensified further as more and more western companies started to move their apparel production to India. These changes brought about new requirements and technology evolved to meet the new demands.

The Textile Industry today: Cotton continues to be the main fabric used, contributing to about 60% of the Indian textile industry. After cotton comes silk and the third is jute. Synthetic fabrics such as petroleum-based polyester, nylon and cellulose-based fabrics such as rayon, viscose, modal and lyocell are also used in India. Today, yarn is also made from recycled plastic bottles!

In terms of technology, machine-made cloth is most prevalent. Handloom production produces fabrics in smaller quantities and is far more expensive than machine-made cloth. The advent of synthetic fabrics and the varied advantages they offer have also had an impact on the demand for handloom, making the sector even less prominent today. Still the government of India has adopted several measures to protect artisans and preserve domestic weaving and milling industries.

The pace quickens: The textile industry began to witness a steady transition from hand-operated machines that could churn out textiles programmed to meet different requirements. Here are some of the path-breaking innovations that took place in the industry:

* Laser printing made printing designs on a cloth a lot easier, more precise and less time-consuming.

* Knitting machines eased workload and could churn out larger stretches of fabric in shorter time periods. Today, they have grown to become an essential component of the textile industry.

* Pleating machines made the pleating process less cumbersome and labour intensive. Pleating is a permanent fold on fabrics that used to be done manually, and the process was expensive. The advent of machines helped reduce cost immensely. This led to pleated fabrics becoming a trend and hence the need for further innovation to sustain their profitability.

* Nanotechnology is the most recent evolution in the textile industry. It is used to create scientific clothing that can be fire-repellent.

Did you know?

* The Harappan invented the needle, which was later reinvented during Roman times.

* The market for Indian textiles is expected to be worth more than $209 billion by 2029.

* India is the second largest producer of polyester and viscose globally.

* Power looms supplied more than 70% of the textile industry’s requirements in 2017 --- another indication that the handloom sector is dying.

MAY DAY

International Workers’ Day or International Labour Day

 

    Every year, May Day is celebrated on the 1st of May all over the world, including India. It is also called the International Workers’ Day or International Labour Day. This day is dedicated to the workers around the world. 

     Many countries commemorate the contributions and sacrifices of workers for the society, on May Day. Our society was built by the hardworking people who continue to help us lead better lives. 

     The background to the declaration of May Day can be traced to the protests in the 19th century by the workers in the United States against draconian labour laws, violation of workers’ rights, poor working conditions and long working hours. 

     May Day is synonymous with the workers’ struggles and their subsequent empowerment in the late 19th century. It was on this day in 1886 that a police contingent in Chicago opened fire and killed at least two of the striking workers. The workers demanded eight-hour workday, instead of the inhuman 16-hour workday that prevailed at that time in the United States. 

     Following the murder of peaceful protesters, more workers joined the protest and it was only in 1916 that the US began to approve the eight-hour workday. This changed the attitude of the world towards the workers and working conditions.

     In India, people started observing the day from 1 May 1923 after the Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan initiated it and comrade Singaravelu Chettiar steered the celebrations. A resolution was moved asking the government to sanction a national holiday on Labour Day. Since then May Day is observed annually. It is a public holiday in most of the countries including India. 

     Also, May 1 is celebrated as 'Maharashtra Day' (Maharashtra Diwas) and 'Gujarat Day' (Gujarat Sthapana Diwas) every year. On this day, 57 years ago, the existing state of Maharashtra was formed. In 1960, the Bombay Reorganisation Act was passed by India's Parliament to divide the multilingual state of Bombay into Gujarat and Maharashtra.

STORY FROM TITLES OF THE BOOKS

Book Story

     One day HARRY POTTER AND THE HALF BLOOD PRINCE, along with PERCY JACKSON AND THE OLYMPIANS decided to go INTO THE WILD to see THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS. There they saw THE WHITE TIGER searching for THE GIRL ONTHE TRAIN. He told them that he saw her last in THE LOWLAND along with THE KITE RUNNER and THE DIVERGENT. The tiger told them that her real name was Alaska. Together they all started LOOKING FOR ALASKA with GREAT EXPECTATIONS. They searched for her IN THE WOODS, in THE ROOM ON THE ROOF and in THE HIDDEN POOL with no luck. Finally, they decided to take the help of THE GUIDE. The guide told them to read THE NOTEBOOK and then catch the TRAIN TO PAKISTAN. They did as he told them and found Alaska along with THE LITTLE PRINCE and the LITTLE WOMEN sitting in the SNOW, all ready to start the JOURNEY TO THE CENTER OF THE EARTH. The tiger joined them and the others mounted on the BLACK BEAUTY and went to meet DADDY LONG LEGS who took them to THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS.

Note: 

Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince – J K Rowling

Percy Jackson and the Olympians – Rick Riordan

Into the Wild – Jon Krakauer 

The God of Small Things – Arundhathi Roy

The White Tiger – Aravind Adiga

The Girl on the Train – Paula Hawkins 

The Lowland – Jhumpa Lahiri 

The Kite Runner – Khaled Hosseini

The Divergent – Veronica Roth 

Looking for Alaska – John Green 

Great Expectations – Charles Dickens

In The Woods – Tana French 

The Room on the Roof – Ruskin Bond 

The Hidden Pool – Ruskin Bond

The Guide – R K Narayan

The Notebook – Nicholas Sparks 

Train to Pakistan – Kushwant Singh

The Little Prince – Antoine de Saint Exupery

Little Women – Louisa May Alcott

Snow – Orhan Pamuk

Journey to the Center of the Earth – Jules Verne

Black Beauty – Anna Sewell

Daddy Long Legs – Jean Webster

QUINTESSENTIAL TROPICAL FRUIT

The Pineapple

     The pineapple (Ananas comosus), a native of Brazil and Paraguay in South America, is the quintessential tropical fruit. It has a long and interesting history as a symbol of opulence. 

     The fruit was discovered growing in the wild by Amazonian tribes, and they are believed to have begun cultivating it by around 2000 B.C., thus making the pineapple one of the world’s oldest crops. It was Christopher Columbus who spotted the fruit on the island of Guadeloupe in 1493 and carried it back to Spain, where its resemblance to a pine cone earned it the Spanish name of pina (which is the root of its modern English name). When first cultivated in European greenhouses in the 17th century, it became a status symbol of the social elite. In the beginning of the 18th century, the fruit was introduced into England as an exotic luxury, afforded only by the wealthy, and was much admired for its unusual shape. During the Napoleonic Wars, English caricaturists used the fruit to symbolise high living and opulence. 

     The world’s leading pineapple producers are Thailand, Philippines, Brazil and China. India ranks fifth, with an annual output of about 1.2 million tons.In India, the fruit is cultivated mainly in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Manipur, West Bengal, Kerala, Karnataka and Goa and on a smaller scale in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Biharand Uttar Pradesh. 

     The pineapple is a herb that grows to a height of 2.5 to 5 feet with a spread of 3 to 4 feet. Leaves are long and needle-tipped, bearing sharp spines on the margins. They may be all green or may have red or yellow stripes down the middle or near the margins. The fruit grows on a stalk in the centre of the rosette of leaves. Technically, it is not a fruit, but a mass of individual berries fused to the central stalk. It has a tough, waxy rind that is initially dark green but turns to yellow, orange-yellow or reddish on ripening. The fruit is harvested only after it is fully ripe. It does not become sweeter after harvesting since there are no starch reserves to be converted into sugar.

     The medicinal and nutritive value of the pineapple is very high. It is rich in vitamins and minerals, including calcium, potassium, fibre, and vitamin C. In addition, it contains bromelain, a digestive enzyme. Also, just one cup of pineapple provides 73% of the daily recommended amount of manganese – a mineral essential for your body to build bone and connective tissues. Further, it is low in fat and cholesterol. 

     The flesh of the ripe fruit can be eaten as it is, used in salads, cooked in cakes and puddings, or made into sauces or preserves. In the Philippines, fermented pineapple juice is processed into a gel-like consistency to make a popular dessert known as Nata de Pina. The pineapple lends itself readily to canning, and this is the favoured method to increase its shelf life and make it available even during off-season. Canned pineapple slices and juice are consumed as dessert, in fruit salads, and as a topping or ingredient in ice cream,cakes and pastries. 

     In Africa and Gautemala, the tender shoots of the pineapple plant are eaten in salads. Fibre extracted from pineapple leaves is used to make fishing nets, coarse cloth and caps in various Asian and African countries. The waste parts left from canning plants, including the skin,core and ends, are processed into alcohol, vinegar, and cattlefeed.