THE SIDEWALK SPECIALISTS

Crabs 🦀 

For some people the very mention of the word 'crab' makes the mouth water as they think of crab soups or curries. For others it brings smiles of amusement as they think of these freaky crustaceans skittering sideways on their tiptoe. A walk along the beach never fails to reveal a variety of crabs, but there are land crabs too. Life on the seashore can be rather difficult for those creatures, for they must make the most of the few hours of low tide, when the sea ebbs, to dig their burrows and feed. Imagine your home to be submerged under sea water every few hours and you have to repeatedly carry out repairs in the short span when the sea recedes!

Sand Bubbler Crabs:

While walking along the wet sand just beyond the water mark on a beach, you may have come across tiny sand balls radiating in straight lines around a minute hole, forming a striking pattern. This piece of art is the work of Sand Bubbler Crabs, which come out of their chimney-like burrows to feed. The fine layer of organic matter from around sand grains is what they dine on after which they mould the sand grains into little pellets. The pellets, strung like beads, appear like a sunburst and are the hallmarks of these crabs. 

Fiddler Crabs 

Moving on to wetlands, you may come across an army of crabs, the males among them waving one of their bright, cherry-red claws that is much larger than the other. To some people they appear to be playing a fiddle, for which reason they are called Fiddler Crabs. But in actual fact the crabs are neither waving nor fiddling. The strange exercise is to attract their would-be female partners or to ward off rival males. Adding to this comical behaviour are their long, stalked eyes that look like matchsticks and sometimes pop out like the periscope of a submarine. The waving action is not the only absurd behavior among fiddler crabs. Sometimes all of them, males and females, appear to be performing a mass drill. They raise their bodies altogether by standing on the tips of their legs, claws held upwards, then squat down on the sand and repeat this again and again. 

Clapping Crabs 

Now, here is another crab that, unlike the fiddler crab, does not wave, but keeps clapping! Clapping Crabs, with an interesting zigzag border on their carapace, open wide their claws as if inviting someone to hug them. Move a little closer and the claws come together with an audible 'clap'. They are not applauding you or the other creatures around. Clapping for them is a manner of threatening any potential enemy. 

Ghost Crabs 

Higher up on sandy beaches you find sand-coloured crabs with a square body, which are very difficult to spot. They run extremely fast on the tips of their pointed legs, casting shadows. Then suddenly, they stop and lower their body, so that their shadow disappears. It seems as though the crab has melted into the sand. These are ghost crabs, rightly so called. Moreover, they produce creaky or eerie sounds by rubbing their claws together, offering up a stronger reason to be called by this name. As if to fully justify the moniker they have earned, ghost crabs even have a fierce countenance-protruding from their head are two horns with eyes in the middle of the horns. 

Robber Crabs 

Residing in the Indian Ocean islands like the Andaman and Nicobar islands is one of the rarest and largest crabs, the robber crab or coconut crab. This land crab has been conferred this notorious reputation because it is known to climb up coconut trees, pierce the coconut shell with its very sharp claws, break it open with its phenomenal strength, feast on the kernel within and drink up the coconut water! These Herculean crabs are 30cm long and 20cm wide and weigh a whopping 3 to 5 kilograms. They hide in 'dens' amongst the roots of trees. Besides coconuts, these crabs also enjoy feasting on chikoos, jackfruits and pandanus (screw pine) fruits. 

On and on we go- each of the 4,500 species of crabs has a story to tell. Perhaps you can go for a marine walk and witness them first hand. If you don't live in a coastal town, the monsoon is the best time to meet a land crab and learn its secrets!

ART OF LIVING

Live in the Present

There is a story of a man who was a real workaholic, and did not ever waste a single moment of his important life. 

On his way to town, he would plan what stores he would shop in. Once in a store, he would plan where he was going to take a walk. During the walk, he would plan where he was going to eat. While eating his main dish, he would plan on what he was going to have for dessert. While eating dessert, he would look at the schedule to choose the bus he was going to take home. And so on...This man never paid attention to what he was actually doing. He was always getting ready for the next event. Then one day he came to something he was not prepared for. As he lay dying, he started reflecting on his life. He was shocked at how empty and meaningless a life he had led. The man had never lived in the present. Now there was nothing he could do about it! 

This is indeed a story for thought. Nowadays, we are always busy. We do this, that, and a lot of other things. But do we really live as we progress in life? Do we take time to enjoy the company of our family and friends? 

Let us strive to set aside some time for play and laugh. Concentrate on the present action and then move ahead. Planning everything is a good thing. But a good plan implemented today, is better than a perfect plan implemented tomorrow. 

There is a famous quote by Bill Keane: 

“Yesterday is history, 

Tomorrow is a mystery, 

Today is a gift of God, which is why it is called the present. 

So living in the present is the most important thing”.

CELEBRATING THE LORD OF THE MASSES

Ganesh Chaturthi

Ganesh Chaturthi is a Hindu festival that celebrates the arrival of Lord Ganesha. 

It is celebrated in August or September every year for one and a half, five, seven days extending upto 21 days. This festival is about Lord Ganesha, the elephant-headed deity, and his arrival on earth with his mother from Mount Kailash. The festival begins by bringing Lord Ganesh's statue/murti and installing it in homes or publically. Goddess Parvati is also worshipped during this time. Festival ends when the murti is immersed in a water body like a lake or ocean, also known as visarjan. It is said that after visarjan, both return to Mount Kailash.

Lord Ganesha is the first God worshiped before new beginnings, big or small. This depicts how important he is and how auspicious his presence is. He is referred to as the "lord of an invocation," "guardian of the multitudes," "god of success," "god of intelligence," and "obstacle remover." "Gana" means "people;" therefore, he is called Ganapati or Ganesh, meaning "lord of the masses."

The festival begins days before its actual dates as people start prepping and gathering items to worship Lord Ganesha. Some buy the murti, and some make it on their own. The house is cleaned before bringing Ganpati home, and the place where the murti is kept is decorated with flowers and colourful decorative items. On the day of the installation, Lord Ganesha is brought home, and his idol is installed with music, dance, happiness, joy, and devotion. Bhajans (holy songs) and aartis (holy chants) are sung twice daily.

Prashad (offerings) are made and offered to Ganpati, and every food item he loves is prepared and offered and then distributed to friends, family, and other people. Modaks and Ladoos are his favorite food items. The date of Ganesh Chaturthi depends on the Chaturthi Tithi. Ganesh Chaturthi is observed on the day of Chaturthi Tithi of Bhadrapad month.

It is said that on the day of visarjan, "Vighnaharta" (the one who takes all the problems away) takes all the obstacles, problems, and sorrow with him and leaves behind happiness, prosperity, and abundance.

Lord Ganesha has many names and has meaning and story behind each one. So let me tell you the story behind his name "Ekdanta," meaning "one toothed." Lord Ganesha has only one tooth. Although he had two, he had to take one out. And the story behind that will blow your minds.

In scriptures, Sage Vyas was asked to write an epic for which he needed someone intelligent. Sage Vyas requested Lord Shiva to help him with the scripture. Lord Shiva asked Lord Ganesha to write the script. But before Sage Vyas began dictating and Lord Ganesha started writing, Sage Vyas insisted that Lord Ganesha would write every word, every hymn only if he understood its meaning. In return, Lord Ganesha put a condition that Sage Vyas must dictate continuously, without any break and if he paused and Lord Ganesha had to halt his pen, he would not resume writing. The process went on for months. Lord Ganesha wrote without missing a single word and its meaning; he knew every word and hymn, which is why he is called the "god of intelligence." When they were in the process of writing, Lord Ganesha ran out of pens, so he pulled out one of his tusks to finish the process. And this is the reason why he is called Ekdanta.

There are so many tales of Lord Ganesha that will bedazzle you and force you to learn more about him.

TRADITIONAL YET SPORTY MARTIAL ART

 Judo 

The word literally translates as “gentle way” since ju means ‘gentle’ and do means ‘way’. It is gentle because its fundamental tenet is to use your opponent’s own weight and strength against him or her, allowing a smaller person to defeat a much larger opponent through ability, strategy, technique and time. The majority of sports judo techniques can be practised by people of all ages and genders. 

History of Judo

As the knowledge of unarmed fighting arts (jitsu) spread throughout the Orient, coming last to Japan, the subdivision multiplied as did names by which the arts were known: Wojitsu, Tai-jitsu, Go shin Jitsu, Ai Jitsu, and many others. Dr Jigoro Kano, a Japanese college professor, spent many years studying various ancient fighting arts, evaluating, comparing and practising them. Finally, in 1882, he put together the techniques to create a new art which he called Judo.

Dr Kano’s vision for judo was, as he wrote: “Judo should be one all-pervading principle governing the whole field, and that principle should be the highest or most efficient use of mental as well as physical energy directed to the accomplishment of a certain definite purpose or aim. Once the real importance of this purpose is understood, it may be applied to all phases of life and activity, thereby enabling one to lead the highest and most rational life.”

Present-day Judo

Today, judo is one of the most widely-spread martial arts with over 10 million practitioners. Kodokan is judo’s main centre for training and administration (Kodokan is the name given by Dr Kano to his dojo). You need not be contest-minded to take up judo. It is not purely about physical, it’s also about good attitude, behaviour, and adhering to class etiquette and decorum. We see this reflected in the oath every student joining Kodokan takes: “Once I have entered the Kodokan, I will not end my study without reasonable cause; I will not dishonour the dojo; unless I am given permission, I will not disclose the secrets that I have been taught, unless I am given permission, I will not teach judo; pupil first, teacher second, I will always follow the rules of the dojo.”

Judo Grade

Unarmed fighting arts, in their original form, had no ranks, degrees, uniforms, or belts. Awarding a belt for proficiency is relatively new. The sports judo belt was first given some 150 years ago. One rule is absolute: An individual may not grade himself in belt rank, irrespective of his proficiency. The judgement must be made by someone who is able to evaluate the individual either by his seniority of rank or proficiency. Originally, there were only two colour belts in judo, namely white and black. Then the brown belt was introduced as an intermediate grade. Today, there are many styles in judo, variance has crept in the colour scheme for grades at kyu (learners) level. It streamlines at the black belt. When you get your black belt, you are a first dan. The highest rank awarded is the 10th dan. Only 15 individuals have been promoted by Kodokan to the 10th dan.

Technique Categories in Judo

Judo techniques are categorized by which body part is used to execute a throw. There is a whole category of how to break a fall too. As it is easier to learn how to throw than to receive it, most students joining are eager to learn how to throw. Judo techniques are broadly divided into four categories:

1. Ukemi-waza (Breakfall): Until you have learned how to fall safely, do not allow yourself to be thrown. You can hurt yourself badly and may end up with a permanent injury. It is important to learn how to break a fall when thrown from different angles at any speed. Remember, learning breakfall is a lifetime asset.

2. Nage-waza (Throwing techniques): Throws are the essence of what judo is mostly about. Throws are divided into four categories, namely: Te-waza (hand technique), Koshi-waza (hip technique), Ashi-waza (foot and leg technique), Sutemi-waza (Sacrifice technique) and Yokosutemi-waza (side sacrifice technique)

3. Katami-waza (Groundwork techniques): These are techniques to pin your opponent to the ground: Osa-komiwaza (hold down technique) and Shime-waza (strangle technique).

4. Gyaku-waza (Joints-locking techniques): There is a fifth category of technique called atemi-waza (hand and foot blow technique). These techniques are never used in free sparring (randori) or contest (shiai). Few schools offer instructions in both sport judo and self-defence. I 

Judo Matches

Judo matches are won in four ways:

● When a throw (nage-waza) is properly executed, i.e., dropping the opponent onto his back or side.

● An immobilization hold down called osaekomi, in which a person is held down, controlled on his back or side for a period of thirty seconds.

● A choke called shime-waza, directed against the blood vessels of the neck, causing the opponent to lose consciousness or to submit.

● Joint lock when applied, called gyaku-waza, directed against the elbow causing the opponent to submit so as to avoid a fracture.

Self-Defence

Sports judo training may prepare a person for self-defence. The important fact is that throwing techniques and groundwork techniques are not the best ways to cope with common street attacks. An exceptional judoka with years of training in sport judo can apply some techniques in some self-defence situations.

Techniques Snippet

Back Fall (Backward Roll cum Fall)

1. Start from a seated position, legs straight forward, hands on your knees, head slightly forward.

2. Fall gently back with a rolling (not thrusting) motion, raising your hands to get more power in the slap. Keep the body slightly curled.

3. Finish by slapping the mat with force, just before the upper back touches the mat. The head never hits the mat. Avoid jerking back into the fall. Hit the mat with the palms of your hands cupped, arms fully extended, and close to the body. Slapping absorbs impact and allows you to fall with less jarring action to your back and to your internal organs.

In conclusion, judo, with its gentle yet effective principles, remains a popular and widely-practised martial art worldwide. Its rich history, universal techniques, and emphasis on respect and discipline, make it an invaluable pursuit. Whether for sport or self-improvement, judo offers a profound path to physical and mental growth.

SCULPTORS OF OUR LIFE

Our teachers 

Some people, noticing a marble block, remarked, “A block of stone”. But when Michelangelo, history’s greatest sculptor, saw it, he exclaimed, “I see an angel!” He set to work with his chisel and hammer to carve out the angel in it. That is precisely what every teacher is called to be: a sculptor or an artist who can visualise the great work of art lying hidden in every student and help bring out the masterpiece. 

Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam credited his Science teacher, Shri Siva Subramaniam Iyer who recognised Kalam’s intelligence and encouraged him. The well known billionaire, Bill Gates, ranks among the most famous dropouts of Harvard’s who founded the Microsoft Corporation. He always acknowledged his Maths and Drama teachers who so encouraged and motivated him in school that he went on to become the sixth richest person in the world and pledged to give away 95% of his wealth to charity. These are but a few examples of teachers who, backed by a keen vision, helped their students become valuable gems of society.

Teachers who are visionaries see their profession as a mission. In fact, teaching is both a call and sometimes a choice in life. Teachers educate their students not only for earning a livelihood or for gaining wealth and comfort but largely to help them live a meaningful life, i.e., to be persons of value and vision. Teachers stimulate their pupils to be creative and innovative in life. Albert Einstein once said, “It’s the supreme art of a teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge.” Teachers use their expertise and skills to the maximum for the benefit of their students.

Our country is blessed with many great visionary teachers who have made innumerable sacrifices for the sake of their students. All the effort and hard work teachers invest in bringing out the best in their students are rarely acknowledged or appreciated. They can be paid back in words or random acts of gratitude. Their greatest reward is the joy and pride of seeing their students become persons of character and nobility. 

Every year we observe Teachers’ Day on 5th September. On this auspicious day, may their immense sacrifices and selfless devotion to ‘teaching’ per se ensure the blossoming of the potential in each child for the betterment of society and country!

FEELING SURE OF YOURSELF

Confidence 

What Is Confidence?

Confidence means feeling sure of yourself and your abilities — not in an arrogant way, but in a realistic, secure way. Confidence isn't about feeling superior to others. It's a quiet inner knowledge that you're capable.

Confident people: 

● Feel secure rather than insecure 

● Know they can rely on their skills and strengths to handle whatever comes up

● feel ready for everyday challenges like tests, performances, and competitions 

● think "I can" instead of "I can't"

Why Confidence Matters?

Confidence helps us feel ready for life's experiences. When we're confident, we're more likely to move forward with people and opportunities — not backaway from them. And if things don't work out at first, confidence helps us try again.

How to Be More Confident: Everyone can work to gain more confidence. Here are a few tips to try:

● Build a confident mindset. When your inner voice says "I can't," retrain it to say "I can". Or you could also say, "I know I can learn (or do) this if I put my mind to it."

● Take a safe risk. Sign up for a school committee, volunteer to help with a project or any school activity, or try out for a team or talent show. Raise your hand in class more often. Talk to everyone in class.

● Challenge yourself to do something that's just beyond your normal comfort zone. Pick something you'd like to do if only you had more confidence. Give yourself a little push and do it. Now that you've done that, pick something else to try — and keep repeating this same process. Confidence grows with every step forward.

● Know your talents and help them shine. We're taught to work hard to improve our weaknesses. Sometimes that's important, like bringing up a bad grade. But don't let working on a weakness prevent you from getting even better at the things you're good at.

● Do your homework. Study. Do assignments. Prepare for class, tests, and quizzes. Why? If you've been keeping on top of class work all along, you'll feel more confident in tests and finals. The best defence against test anxiety and school stress is to keep up and do the work steadily.

It takes courage and confidence to be real. But the more real we are, the more self-confident we become. Confidence builds self-esteem.

FOUNDER OF FORD MOTOR COMPANY

Henry Ford 

Henry Ford is famous for making cars easier for most people to buy. He did this by producing the cars using an assembly line.

Henry Ford was born in 1863 in Michigan. He had 4 siblings, and his family owned a farm. He worked on the farm when he was young, but he soon discovered that he loved taking things apart to see how they worked, and then putting them back together again.

He worked on watches a lot and ended up helping many people fix their watches. In 1879, when he was 16 years old, he moved to Detroit to start working with machines, though he did come home and work on the farm a little, too.

Ford got married to Clara Bryant in 1888 and worked in a sawmill. He eventually became an engineer.

Ford worked for the Edison Illuminating Company and even got to meet Thomas Edison! Edison encouraged him to keep working on his plans for his horseless carriage, powered by a motor. 

Ford’s gasoline-powered horseless carriage was called the Quadricycle. He sold the Quadricycle and started his own company to continue his work making vehicles.

He did not stay with the first company for very many years but eventually started the Ford Motor Company. He spent many years developing cars, which were made only a few at a time.

Ford was not the first person to create a car, but he was the one who began to make them accessible to a lot of people in the United States.

His “Model T” car, released in 1908, was easy to drive and repair, which made many people want one.

He needed to make a lot of cars very quickly. His company, Ford Motor Company, hired skilled workers to work on an assembly line. The car would move through the line, and each worker had a job along the line.

One worker might put on the steering wheel, while at a different spot on the line, another worker put on tires. Every Model T was painted black. The company could make many cars at a time this way, which made them cheaper to produce.

In addition to using the assembly line to produce cars, Ford was also known for paying his workers fair wages.

Henry Ford died in 1947, but his company is still around and making cars today.