India’s weather tracker

INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (IMD)

On January 15, 2025, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) will turn 150 years old. 

The organisation was set up by the provincial British government in the country in 1875, and its first (Imperial) Meteorological Reporter was Henry Francis Blanford. The IMD’s genesis can be traced to the importance of the monsoons over South Asia and the formation effects of cyclones from the Indian Ocean. 

Its formation was particularly accelerated by the 1864 Calcutta cyclone, which devastated the city and left more than 60,000 people dead, and the Orissa famine that followed just two years later because the monsoons had failed. So the government at the time decided to funnel weather data collected around the country into a single set of records, managed by bespoke organisation. This organisation was the IMD. 

It was originally headquartered in Calcutta but by 1944 had moved to New Delhi. In independent India, the IMD became a member of the World Meteorological Organisation in 1949. 

The IMD currently operates six Regional Meteorological Centres, a Meteorological Centre in every State capital, plus a panoply of centres for various meteorological services. Aside from tracking and studying phenomena like rainfall and cyclones, the IMD helps record earth quakes and atmospheric pollution and generates alerts and warnings about impending anomalous weather. It also maintains a complicated communications system that collects data from a variety of sources, including ground observatories, naval vessels, atmospheric balloons and satellites. 

Why they matter

FAMILY TRADITIONS

In an age dominated by technology and the hustle of modern life, family traditions serve as an anchor, connecting us to our roots and fostering a sense of belonging. These traditions — whether grand or simple — play a crucial role in shaping positive family dynamics, creating memories, and imparting values to younger generations. 

Foundation for connection: Family traditions, no matter how small, strengthen family bonds. They provide opportunities to come together, share experiences, and celebrate unity. For instance, in many households, festivals like Diwali, Christmas, Eid, etc, are more than just occasions — they are a time for families to come together, perform rituals, and share meals. These moments teach you the importance of togetherness and allow you witness familial bonds. This annual ritual not only reinforces our faith but also creates a space where the entire family reunites — sharing stories, praying and enjoying meals together. 

Passing values: Traditions are a perfect way to instil values in children. While textbooks might teach you about cultural heritage, witnessing and participating in traditions leaves a lasting impact. For example, when you see the family sit down for a meal, keeping their devices away, you learn about the importance of undistracted communication and prioritising relationships over technology. These traditions are more than rituals — they are values in action. By involving in such practices, you learn to respect, express gratitude, and experience the joy of giving. Over time, these values become ingrained, shaping your character and worldview. 

Sense of belonging: In today’s fast-paced world, where devices often replace face-to-face interactions, family traditions offer a much needed respite. They create a sense of belonging, reminding you that they are a part of something bigger than yourselves. A shared tradition, like a festive puja or a simple weekend family meal, reinforces this connection. It provides a sense of identity, helping you understand where you come from and giving a foundation to build your own life.

Creating memories: An amazing part of family traditions is that it offers a chance to create memories. Each time a family comes together for a festival, a game night, or even a weekly Sunday brunch, they add to a pool of cherished moments. These memories become a source of comfort and happiness for you as you grow up. 

Modern challenges: It’s easy to lose touch with family customs amidst the distractions of daily, busy schedules. This is why it’s essential to preserve traditions. They are a reminder of where we come from and provide solace in an ever-changing world. 

Legacy: Whether it’s a religious celebration, a cultural custom, or even a unique family ritual, every tradition is a thread that ties one generation to the next. They enable you to pass down stories, customs, and values to the next generation. This continuity creates a legacy that stands the test of time.

Story

CHANGING OUR VISION 

There was once a very wealthy man who was bothered by severe eye pain. He consulted many physicians and was being treated by several of them. But the ache persisted with more vigour than before. 

Finally, a monk who was supposed to be an expert in treating such patients was called for by the suffering man. The monk understood his problem, and said that for some time he should concentrate only on green colour, and not to let his eyes fall on any other colours. It was a strange prescription, but the wealthy man was desperate and decided to try it out. 

The millionaire got together a group of painters, purchased barrels of green paint and directed that every object his eye was likely to fall on, be painted green; precisely as the monk had directed. When the monk came to visit him after few days, the millionaire's servants ran with buckets of green paint and poured them on him since he was in red attire, lest their master see any other colour, and his eye ache come back. 

Hearing this, the monk laughed and said, "If only you had purchased a pair of green spectacles worth just a few dollars, you could have saved these walls, trees, pots, all other articles, and also you could have saved a large share of his fortune. You just cannot paint the whole world green."

Let us first change our vision and perception; and the world will appear accordingly. It is foolish to shape the world; we need to shape ourselves first. 

Bumpy science behind golf balls

 WHY DO GOLF BALLS HAVE DIMPLES?

Golf balls haven’t always sported hundreds of tiny dimples. Originally, golf balls were smooth wooden balls, which evolved into feather-filled leather-sewn spheres called ‘featherie’ golf balls. Over time, golfers noticed that well-used balls travelled further than new ones. This was because with every strike of the golf club, balls were acquiring dinks and dents. In any other sport, old and damaged balls are quickly replaced, but it turned out that in golf, using battered balls can give golfers a great advantage. Unknown to early golfers, each dent was interrupting the airflow around a travelling ball and reducing the amount of aerodynamic drag it experienced. Drag is a force that opposes motion and reduces an object’s speed when it’s moving through air or a fluid. When a golf ball is struck and sent flying through the air, it separates the airflow around it, causing a vacuumous zone of drag in the area behind the ball to form. Dimples work to reduce the size of that zone, and therefore the amount of drag that slows the ball down. Less drag means the ball can fly further and faster before gravity takes hold and brings the ball back to the ground. Having discovered the benefits of dimples, in the early 1900s golf ball manufacturers began making them standard. Modern golf balls are designed and manufactured to exploit the aerodynamic effects of dimples, varying their size, shape, distribution and patterns on the ball.

DIFFERENT DIMPLES: The dimpled surface of the golf ball has gone through many iterations. In 1848, the gutta-percha ball sported inverted dimples and was covered in a pattern of protruding squares to minimise drag. In 1899, American inventors Coburn Haskell and Bertram Work patented a gutta-percha golf ball with a rubber core. Their design lasted until the early 1900s, when more robust plastics were being developed. Manufacturers found that balls with concave dimples would fly better than a gutta-percha ball. Although it might be hard to differentiate between modern-day golf balls, the number of dimples and the shape of dimples can differ.

Golf ball dimples are created by filling moulds with plastic around rubber cores

Do you know:

● The average golf ball dimple depth is 0.25 millimetres.

● A golf ball with dimples can travel almost twice as far as a smooth ball.

The artful sport of China

JIANZI 

When people think of sports in China, they often envision table tennis, badminton or martial arts. However, there is a captivating and lesser-known sport that has been played for centuries--- Jianzi or Chinese shuttlecock kicking. This traditional game combines skill, agility and creativity, making it a thrilling activity for participants and a fascinating spectacle for onlookers. 

What is Jianzi?

Jianzi (pronounced "jee-an-zuh") is a sport that involves the feet and other parts of the body, except the hands, to keep a heavy shuttlecock airborne. The game is believed to have originated over 2,000 years ago, during the Han dynasty and has evolved from a simple pastime into a competitive sport with dedicated athletes and tournaments. 

The shuttlecock itself is unique, often consisting of feathers attached to a heavy base. This design allows for a slow, graceful flight that players can control with an impressive precision. 

How is Jianzi played?

Jianzi can be played both recreationally and competitively. Informal games may involve a group of friends trying to keep the shuttlecock in the air for as long as possible, while more structured matches include rules and scoring systems similar to those of volleyball or badminton. Competitive Jianzi is usually played on a court with a net, where two teams face off to score points by sending the shuttlecock over the net using acrobatic kicks and well-practiced maneuvers.

Why should you try Jianzi?

Jianzi isn’t just a sport; it’s a testament to co-ordination and ingenuity. It encourages players to build agility, balance and leg strength, making it an excellent addition to any training routine. Unlike many sports that require specialised equipment or facilities, Jianzi only requires a small space and a shuttlecock, making it accessible to anyone willing to give it a try. 

Beyond the physical benefits, Jianzi carries with a cultural significance, offering insight into the communal and artistic spirit of Chinese society. It fosters teamwork, perseverance and the joy of playful competition. 

Where can you watch or play Jianzi?

While Jianzi might not be the mainstream in many countries, there are international organisations and clubs dedicated to the sport. Videos showcasing professional Jianzi players are also available online, displaying jaw-dropping performances that blend elements of martial arts, dance and football. 

For those eager to try Jianzi, all it takes is a few friends, an open space and a shuttlecock. High school students in particular may find it a fun and engaging way to enhance fitness and build community through friendly matches. 

So, next time you’re looking for a new sport to learn or share it with friends, consider giving Jianzi a go. You may find yourself mastering spins and kicks while becoming a part of a centuries-old tradition that's as enriching as it is exciting. 

From Greek Mythology

 THE TALE OF ATALANTA AND HIPPOMENES

 

In ancient Greece, there was a swift and fearless young woman named Atalanta. She was raised in the wild by a bear and became an outstanding hunter, known for her amazing speed. Her fame spread widely, and many people came to challenge her in a footrace.

Confident in her skills, Atalanta made a daring declaration: “I will marry anyone who can outrun me in a race. But those who lose will face a penalty.” Her rules were strict, but many were eager to try, drawn by her beauty and the excitement of the challenge.

One day, a young man named Hippomenes watched Atalanta while she raced. He was amazed by her speed and grace. “How can anyone be so fast?” he wondered aloud.

Hearing this, Aphrodite, the Goddess of love, appeared before him. “You admire Atalanta, don’t you?” she asked. Hippomenes nodded, and Aphrodite handed him three golden apples. 

“Use these in the race. They are no ordinary apples; they are gifts from the Gods.”

Hippomenes accepted the challenge. As the race began, Atalanta took off with incredible speed. But Hippomenes had a plan. He threw one of the golden apples off the track.

Atalanta, drawn to the golden glow of the apple, veered off course to pick it up, giving Hippomenes a chance to get ahead. But she quickly caught up. Again, Hippomenes threw a second apple, and again, Atalanta was briefly distracted.

As they neared the finish line, Hippomenes threw the final apple. Atalanta hesitated, caught between the race and the beautiful apple. This brief pause allowed Hippomenes to cross the finish line first.

Breathless, Atalanta walked up to him. “You have won the race and my heart,” she said, smiling. “But how did you beat me?”

Hippomenes showed her the last piece of the golden apple. “It was Aphrodite’s divine gift that helped me. But it wasn’t just about winning. I admire your strength and spirit.”

The two, brought together by the race and respect for each other, eventually married and began new adventures together.

Moral of the Story: The story of Atalanta and the footrace teaches us that sometimes wit and cleverness can overcome sheer strength.

Do you know

WHY DOES ONE GET MOTION SICKNESS?

Motion sickness experienced by some while moving in a vehicle, results from a defence mechanism in the brain aiming to keep us safe. The balance-maintaining parts of the brain receive inputs from what we see and what we feel. In a moving car, our eyes signal to the brain that we are stationary, creating a sensory conflict as the brain senses the car’s motion. This mismatch triggers nausea as the brain perceives a potential issue. To alleviate this, fixate on a steady point in the distance, like the horizon, to minimize visual disruptions. Opening windows for fresh air can also help mitigate motion sickness. These simple strategies can ease discomfort and enhance travel experiences.