VATICAN CITY
The smallest country in the world by both area and population is Vatican City.
Area: About 0.49 square kilometers (0.19 square miles).
Population: Around 800 people.
It's an independent city-state entirely surrounded by Rome, Italy, and serves as the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church.
Political Status: Vatican City is an independent sovereign state, established in 1929 through the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy.
It is the spiritual headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church and the residence of the Pope, the spiritual leader of Catholics worldwide.
Government: It’s an absolute monarchy — the Pope holds full executive, legislative, and judicial powers. The Pope is also the head of state.
Language and Currency:
Official Language: Latin (used in official documents), but Italian is commonly spoken.
Currency: Euro (€), even though Vatican City is not a member of the EU.
Major Landmarks:
St. Peter's Basilica – One of the largest churches in the world, built over the tomb of Saint Peter.
St. Peter's Square – Famous for its grand open space and events led by the Pope.
The Vatican Museums – Home to vast collections of art and historical artifacts, including the Sistine Chapel, which has Michelangelo’s famous ceiling.
Population: Around 800 residents, but only about half are Vatican citizens. Citizens include the Pope, cardinals, Swiss Guards (who protect the Pope), and other officials.
Interesting Facts:
Vatican City has its own radio station, post office, newspaper, and even an astronomical observatory.
It has no airport or railway system, but there’s a heliport and a small railway track used occasionally.
The Vatican issues its own passports, license plates, and stamps.
