WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BODY WHEN A PERSON GETS ELECTROCUTED?
Electrocution occurs when electric current passes through the human body. Since the body itself functions through delicate electrical signals—especially in the nerves, muscles, and heart—an external electric shock can severely disrupt normal bodily functions. The effects of electrocution can range from mild injuries to fatal consequences, depending on factors such as the strength of the current, duration of exposure, and the path the electricity takes through the body.
Disruption of the Nervous System: The nervous system is highly sensitive to electricity. When an electric current enters the body, it interferes with normal nerve signals. This can result in sudden muscle spasms, loss of control over body movements, confusion, or even unconsciousness. In many cases, the muscles contract so tightly that the person is unable to let go of the electrical source, prolonging exposure and increasing injury.
Severe Muscle Contractions: Electric current causes involuntary and powerful muscle contractions. These contractions may lead to temporary paralysis, locking of the jaw or hands, and in extreme cases, fractures or dislocations caused by the sheer force of the muscle movement.
Effects on the Heart: One of the most dangerous consequences of electrocution is its impact on the heart. Electricity can disrupt the heart’s normal rhythm, causing conditions such as ventricular fibrillation, where the heart beats erratically, or cardiac arrest, where the heart stops altogether. Even relatively small amounts of current passing through the chest can be life-threatening.
Breathing Difficulties: Electrocution can paralyse the muscles responsible for breathing or interfere with the brain centres that control respiration. This may result in respiratory arrest, leading to a lack of oxygen supply to vital organs, particularly the brain.
External and Internal Burns: Electrical injuries often cause burns at the points where the current enters and exits the body. However, the most serious damage may occur internally. As electricity passes through tissues, it generates heat that can burn muscles, nerves, and organs beneath the skin. These internal burns are not always immediately visible but can be extremely dangerous.
Damage to Organs and Tissues: Electric current can destroy muscle tissue, leading to a condition known as rhabdomyolysis. The breakdown products of damaged muscles can enter the bloodstream and potentially cause kidney failure. Blood vessels and nerves may also be permanently damaged.
Effects on the Brain: Depending on the severity of the shock, electrocution can cause seizures, memory loss, long-term neurological problems, coma, or death. Brain injury may result either from the direct effect of electricity or from oxygen deprivation due to breathing or heart failure.
Factors That Determine Severity
The seriousness of electrocution depends on several factors, including:
● The voltage and strength of the current
● The duration of contact
● Whether the skin is wet or dry (wet skin conducts electricity more easily)
● The path taken by the current through the body
Conclusion : Electrocution is unpredictable and can cause serious internal injuries even when external signs appear minor. Immediate medical attention is essential in all cases of electrical shock. Understanding how electricity affects the body highlights the importance of electrical safety in everyday life.
