VINAYAK DAMODAR SAVARKAR
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, popularly known as Veer Savarkar, was one of the most influential and controversial figures of India’s freedom movement. A revolutionary, writer, political thinker, and social reformer, Savarkar’s life was marked by intense patriotism, intellectual brilliance, and extraordinary courage.
Early Life and Inspiration
Savarkar was born on 28 May 1883 in Bhagur, near Nashik, Maharashtra. From a young age, he displayed strong leadership qualities and deep love for his motherland.
Inspired by the uprising of 1857, he later wrote a book titled THE INDIAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1857, in which he described the revolt not as a “mutiny” but as India’s first organised war against British rule. The book was banned by the British government but circulated secretly among revolutionaries.
Revolutionary Activities
While studying law in London, Savarkar became actively involved in revolutionary politics. He founded secret societies like Abhinav Bharat and encouraged armed resistance against British rule.
In 1910, he was arrested for his revolutionary activities. During his extradition to India, he made a daring escape attempt at the port of Marseilles in France by jumping into the sea from a ship. Although recaptured, this incident became legendary and strengthened his image as a fearless patriot.
Cellular Jail: The Years of Imprisonment
Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms (50 years) and sent to the dreaded Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The conditions there were extremely harsh. Prisoners were subjected to:
●Solitary confinement
●Hard physical labour
●Severe punishments
Despite this, Savarkar continued writing poetry on prison walls, memorising his compositions, and inspiring fellow prisoners. His resilience during these years earned him the title “Veer” (Brave).
Political Thought and Hindutva
Savarkar was a strong advocate of cultural nationalism. He authored the book HINDUTVA: WHO IS A HINDU?, in which he defined Hindutva as a cultural and national identity rather than merely a religious term.
His views on nationalism, identity, and political organisation continue to influence Indian political discourse even today. He later became associated with the Hindu Mahasabha.
Social Reforms
Apart from his political work, Savarkar was also a social reformer. He:
●Opposed untouchability
●Encouraged inter-caste dining and temple entry
●Promoted scientific thinking and rationalism
●He believed social unity was essential for national strength.
Final Years and Death
After his release, Savarkar continued writing and participating in public life. He passed away on 26 February 1966 in Mumbai. He chose to undertake “Atmaarpan” (self-willed death through fasting), believing he had fulfilled his life’s mission.
Legacy
Savarkar remains a towering yet debated figure in Indian history. To his supporters, he is a revolutionary hero who endured immense suffering for India’s freedom. To critics, some of his political positions remain subjects of discussion and debate.
What is undeniable, however, is his courage, intellectual impact, and role in shaping nationalist thought.
The Statue of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar – A Symbol of Courage and Conviction
Across India, statues of Veer Savarkar stand as reminders of his revolutionary spirit and enduring influence. These memorials are not merely sculptures of stone or bronze — they represent sacrifice, courage, and a life devoted to the nation.
One of the most prominent statues is installed in the premises of the Cellular Jail in Port Blair. This location holds deep emotional significance, as Savarkar spent years of rigorous imprisonment there. The statue depicts him standing firm and resolute, symbolizing his unbroken spirit despite the hardships of solitary confinement and forced labor.
Visitors to the Cellular Jail often pause before the statue in silence, reflecting on the suffering endured by freedom fighters during British rule. For many, it serves as a powerful visual connection to history.
Another notable statue stands in the Parliament complex in New Delhi, acknowledging his contribution to India’s freedom struggle and nationalist thought. Its presence there reflects the recognition of his historical importance in shaping political discourse.
In Maharashtra, particularly in Mumbai and Nashik, statues and memorials honor him as a son of the soil — a revolutionary who rose from Bhagur to become a national figure.
Conclusion
Veer Savarkar’s life was one of sacrifice, strength, and strong conviction. Whether viewed as a revolutionary patriot, a political ideologue, or a social reformer, his story is deeply woven into the history of modern India.
His words, actions, and ideas continue to spark conversation — reminding us that history is often shaped by complex and powerful personalities.
