The Soulful Moonlight Dance of Goan Women

DHALO 

While Goa is often celebrated for the vibrant energy of Shigmo and the colourful revelry of Carnival, its most intimate and spiritually rooted tradition unfolds quietly under the winter moonlight. Dhalo is a deeply evocative folk festival—performed exclusively by women—that reflects Goa’s rural soul through nature worship, fertility rites, and sisterhood. Rooted in agrarian life and ancient belief systems, Dhalo is not merely a dance but a living cultural ritual.

Origins and Essence of Dhalo: Dhalo is celebrated during the Hindu month of Pausha (December–January), a period associated with the completion of the agricultural cycle. It is a thanksgiving to Mother Earth and village deities for sustenance and protection. Traditionally observed in rural Hindu communities of Goa, Dhalo represents a harmonious blend of ecology, devotion, and feminine expression.

The Sacred Stage: The Maand

Unlike modern stage performances, Dhalo takes place in a Maand—a sacred, open-air communal space within the village. Often located near a temple, sacred tree, or tulsi vrindavan, the Maand is regarded as holy ground.

Women perform barefoot, symbolising humility and respect towards Bhumi Devi (Mother Earth) and the village gods. The absence of artificial lighting or elaborate décor enhances the ritual’s raw and organic beauty, with moonlight serving as the sole witness.

Timing and Duration

Month: Pausha (December–January)

Duration: Usually 7 to 9 consecutive nights

Time: After dinner, late evening to night

Every night, women gather at the Maand as the winter chill settles over the Goan hinterlands. The stillness of the night is gradually filled with the sound of Oviyos (traditional folk songs) and the soft, rhythmic movement of feet on earth.

The Performance: Grace in Motion

Dhalo is marked by its slow, meditative rhythm, distinctly different from energetic Goan dances like Fugdi.

Formation:

● Typically 12 to 24 women

●Arranged in two parallel rows, facing each other

● Arms interlocked around waists or shoulders, symbolising unity

Movement

● Gentle forward and backward steps

● Swaying motions in perfect synchrony

● Movements resemble waves, reflecting natural rhythms

● The emphasis is not on individual skill but on collective harmony.

Traditional Attire

Women traditionally wear the Nauvari (nine-yard) saree, draped in the Maharashtrian style. Their appearance is completed with:

● Traditional jewellery

●Fresh flowers in the hair

● The attire enhances the ritualistic and cultural authenticity of the performance.

The Songs: Living Oral History

The Oviyos sung during Dhalo are a priceless repository of Goan oral tradition, passed down across generations.

Common Themes Include:

Nature Worship: Gratitude to the sun, moon, rain, and soil

Mythology: Episodes from the Ramayana, and stories of Krishna and Radha

Social Commentary: Daily joys, struggles, family life, and witty observations—often laced with humour and gentle satire

Through these songs, women voice emotions, wisdom, and experiences rarely recorded in written history.

The Grand Finale: Malani Purnima

The final night of Dhalo, celebrated on Malani Purnima, is the most vibrant and symbolic.

Key Features:

Role Reversal: Women dress as men—wearing shirts, trousers, or turbans—and perform humorous skits

Breaking Social Taboos: Laughter, mimicry, and satire replace restraint

Symbolic Reunion: In some villages, a “brother” character (played by a woman) reunites with his “sisters”

Tulsi Ritual: Planting of a tulsi sapling or a prosperity ritual marks the conclusion, invoking well-being for the village

This final night balances joy with ritual closure, signifying renewal and hope.

Why Dhalo Matters Today

Dhalo is more than a folk dance—it is a social sanctuary. Historically, it was one of the rare occasions when rural women could step away from household responsibilities to:

Gather freely

Sing, dance, and express themselves

Strengthen bonds within the community

Even today, communities such as the Gauda, Kunbi, Velip and others continue to preserve Dhalo, ensuring that the Maand remains a living centre of Goan cultural memory.

Conclusion: In an age of rapid change, Dhalo stands as a quiet yet powerful reminder of a time when life moved in rhythm with nature and community. Under the soft glow of the Pausha moon, the voices and steps of Goan women keep alive a tradition that celebrates earth, womanhood, and collective harmony.

To witness Dhalo is to witness Goa’s soul—gentle, grounded, and timeless.

Largest national park in India

HEMIS NATIONAL PARK, LADAKH 

India’s largest national park, Hemis National Park, spans an expansive area of approximately 4,400 square kilometres. Located in the rugged mountains of Ladakh, at the northernmost edge of India, the park is renowned for its dramatic and starkly beautiful landscapes, ranging from alpine meadows and river valleys to barren, rocky mountains.

Hemis National Park is one of the few places in the world where the elusive snow leopard—an endangered species often referred to as the “Ghost of the Mountains”—can be spotted in its natural habitat. This remarkable animal earns its nickname due to its exceptional ability to camouflage itself within the snowy and rocky terrain of high-altitude regions.

The park derives its name from the famous Hemis Monastery, a 17th-century Tibetan Buddhist monastery located near its northwestern boundary. This monastery is one of the largest and wealthiest in Ladakh and is an important centre of Buddhist culture and learning.

Hemis National Park is the largest protected area in the Indian Himalayas and has been designated as a Snow Leopard Reserve under Project Snow Leopard, a flagship conservation programme launched by the Government of India to protect snow leopards and their fragile high-altitude ecosystems.

Historically, the region was inhabited by small communities of peasants and nomadic herders living in scattered villages. In 1981, the Government of Jammu and Kashmir officially declared the area a national park, initially covering only 600 square kilometres. Over the years, successive expansions increased its size to the present extent, making it not only the largest national park in India but also the largest in South Asia.

Hemis National Park represents the Trans-Himalayan ecosystem, characterised by sparse human population, extreme climatic conditions, and rugged terrain. The landscape is marked by deep gorges, steep cliffs, and broken slopes. Being located in the rain-shadow region of the Himalayas, the area receives minimal rainfall. Consequently, vegetation is limited and mainly consists of dry alpine and subalpine forests, including juniper, willow, dry birch, and fir at lower elevations.

Despite the harsh environment, the park supports a rich variety of wildlife. Apart from the snow leopard, notable mammals found here include the Himalayan blue sheep (bharal), the Eurasian lynx, the Tibetan wolf, the Ladakhi urial, and the Himalayan marmot.

Hemis National Park is also a haven for birdlife. It hosts high-altitude birds of prey such as the golden eagle, bearded vulture, Himalayan griffon vulture, and Eurasian eagle-owl, along with several wintering songbirds and ground-dwelling species like the Tibetan snowcock and chukar partridge.

Today, with its well-known trekking and hiking routes, Hemis National Park has emerged as a popular destination for eco-tourism and Himalayan trekking, attracting wildlife enthusiasts, nature lovers, and adventure seekers from across the world.

Did You Know?

🔹 Hemis National Park is larger than some Indian states, such as Goa and Sikkim, in terms of protected wilderness area.

🔹 The snow leopard cannot roar; instead, it communicates through hissing, growling, and a distinctive “chuffing” sound.

🔹 The park lies at an altitude ranging from 3,300 metres to over 6,000 metres, making it one of the highest national parks in the world.

🔹 Hemis Monastery hosts the famous Hemis Festival every year, celebrating the birth anniversary of Guru Padmasambhava with masked dances and rituals.

🔹 The region’s extreme cold allows many animals to survive with thick fur and wide paws, which act like natural snowshoes.

🔹 Due to low human disturbance, Hemis National Park is considered one of the best natural laboratories for studying high-altitude wildlife and climate adaptation.

Subhashitam

DISCERNMENT

उपदेशो हि मूर्खाणां प्रकोपाय न शान्तये।

पयःपानं भुज गानां केवलं विषवर्धनं॥

Repetition of truth to the unwise only feeds their wrath. Words are weapons in wrong hands. Milk to serpents is not kindness — it’s fuel for their sting.

Translation

"Advice given to fools only serves to provoke them and does not bring peace; just as milk given to a snake only increases its venom."

Context

This shloka is typically used in discussions about wisdom, knowledge, and the futility of trying to advise individuals who lack understanding or are unwilling to accept guidance. It is relevant in educational, philosophical, and moral contexts, emphasising the importance of discernment in addressing foolishness.

Detailed Explanation

The shloka articulates a profound observation about the nature of advising foolish individuals. The first part notes that offering counsel or direction (उपदेशो) to those classified as मूर्खाणां (fools) will not yield beneficial results but will instead incite their anger (प्रकोपाय). Such advice does not bring about शान्तये (peace).

The second part draws a metaphor with the example of पयः (milk) being offered to a [भुज गानां] (snakes). The act of giving milk does not pacify the snake; instead, it enhances its natural venom (विषवर्धनं), leading to greater harm. This metaphor strongly conveys that attempts to placate or educate the foolish can lead to greater hostility or complications.

Significance

This shloka is important as it teaches that wisdom lies in choosing the right recipients for advice. It warns against futile attempts to change or educate those who are obstinately ignorant. The lesson emphasises the value of appropriateness in counsel-giving and reflects on the broader theme of ensuring that educational or enlightening efforts are directed toward willing and capable learners. Furthermore, it highlights that sometimes, serving certain entities (like the snake) could exacerbate underlying issues rather than resolve them, encouraging a careful evaluation of context and readiness to accept guidance.

The Sage and the Scorpion

In a quiet village by the forest lived an elderly sage, known for his wisdom and compassion. People from faraway places came to seek his guidance. The sage believed in sharing knowledge, but he also believed in discernment.

One day, a scorpion fell into a river near the ashram. Seeing it struggle, the sage lowered a leaf to help it climb out. As soon as the scorpion reached the surface, it stung the sage’s finger.

A disciple cried out, “Gurudev! Why help it again? It harmed you!”

Ignoring the pain, the sage tried once more. Again, the scorpion stung him. Blood trickled down the sage’s hand. The disciple, now angry, said,

“You are giving kindness where it is not understood. Your help only strengthens its cruelty.”

The sage paused. He gently placed a wooden plank on the water surface so that the scorpion could crawl out without touching him. Once free, the scorpion disappeared into the bushes.

Turning to the disciple, the sage said,

“Compassion should never blind wisdom. If my hand becomes the reason for harm, I must change the method—or step away.”

Later that evening, a proud villager came to the ashram. He asked for advice but mocked every suggestion, arguing loudly and twisting every word to prove himself right. The disciple waited for the sage to respond.

But this time, the sage remained silent.

The disciple asked, “Why help the scorpion and not speak to this man?”

The sage replied calmly:

“Milk nourishes the body, but poured into poison, it only strengthens the venom. Advice is the same. When the mind is closed, words become fuel for anger.”

Moral (linked directly to the shloka)

उपदेशो हि मूर्खाणां प्रकोपाय न शान्तये।

पयःपानं भुजगानां केवलं विषवर्धनम्॥

Advice given to the unwise does not bring peace—it provokes anger, just as milk fed to a snake only increases its poison.

Discernment means the ability to judge well—to understand things clearly and make wise, thoughtful decisions, especially in situations where the right choice is not obvious.

Simple Meaning

Discernment = knowing what is right, appropriate, or necessary in a given situation

In Easy Words

It is the skill of thinking carefully, seeing the difference between right and wrong, and deciding when to act, speak, or remain silent.

Example

A teacher explains a concept in detail to a curious student but chooses silence when someone only wants to argue. This is discernment.

Offering advice only to those willing to listen shows discernment.

In the Context of the Shloka:

Discernment teaches us that not everyone is ready to receive advice. Wisdom lies not just in speaking truth, but in knowing when, how, and to whom to speak.

Celebrating Peace, Unity, and Togetherness

GLOBAL FAMILY DAY

Every year, 1st January is celebrated as Global Family Day across the world. While the New Year marks new beginnings, Global Family Day reminds us that the entire human race is one global family. It encourages people to begin the year with thoughts of peace, love, care, and unity.

Origin of Global Family Day: Global Family Day began in 2001 as an initiative to promote peace and harmony after years of conflict and violence across the world. The idea is inspired by the vision of a world where people live together like members of one family, respecting differences and supporting one another. It also aligns with the United Nations’ message of global peace and non-violence.

Meaning and Significance: The word family usually refers to people related by blood or living under one roof. However, Global Family Day widens this idea and reminds us that all human beings belong to one large family. Our actions affect not just our homes or communities, but the entire world.

This day highlights important values such as:

● Peace and non-violence

● Mutual respect and understanding

● Love, compassion, and cooperation

● Responsibility towards society and the planet

How Global Family Day Is Observed: Global Family Day is not celebrated with grand events. Instead, it focuses on simple and meaningful actions, such as:

Spending quality time with family members

● Sharing meals and conversations

● Helping those in need

● Practising kindness and forgiveness

● Resolving conflicts peacefully

Many people also use this day to reflect on how they can contribute to world peace, even through small acts of goodness.

Message for the New Year: 

Starting the year with Global Family Day sends a powerful message: peace begins at home. When families are filled with love and understanding, societies become stronger, and the world becomes a better place.

Conclusion: Global Family Day on 1st January reminds us that beyond borders, languages, and cultures, humanity is united. As we welcome the New Year, let us promise to treat every individual as a member of our global family and work together for a peaceful and harmonious world.

Ink Your Thoughts

THE TIMELESS ART OF DIARY WRITING 

In an age dominated by instant messages, social media posts, and fleeting digital memories, the simple act of writing a diary remains deeply meaningful. Diary writing is more than recording daily events; it is an intimate art that helps us understand ourselves, preserve memories, and give shape to our thoughts and emotions.

What Is a Diary?

A diary is a personal record of one’s experiences, feelings, reflections, and observations. It can be written daily or occasionally, in detail or in brief notes. There are no strict rules—what matters is honesty and self-expression. A diary becomes a silent companion that listens without judgment.

Why Diary Writing Is an Art

Diary writing is an art because it transforms ordinary moments into meaningful reflections. It requires awareness, sensitivity, and courage to face one’s inner self. Just as a painter uses colours, a diary writer uses words to express emotions, thoughts, and experiences.

Famous Diaries That Made History

Many personal diaries, never meant for the public, later became priceless historical and literary treasures:

● Anne Frank – The Diary of a Young Girl

Written during World War II, Anne Frank’s diary is one of the most read books in the world. It reflects hope, fear, and humanity through the eyes of a young girl.

● Mahatma Gandhi – Diaries and Journals

Gandhi’s diaries reveal his thoughts on truth, discipline, spirituality, and self-examination, offering insight into his moral strength.

● Jawaharlal Nehru – Prison Diaries

Written during his imprisonment, these diaries reveal Nehru’s deep reflections on history, culture, and India’s future.

● Samuel Pepys – The Diary of Samuel Pepys

A detailed account of 17th-century England, his diary gives firsthand descriptions of the Great Fire of London and everyday life.

● Virginia Woolf – A Writer’s Diary

Woolf’s diary entries provide valuable insight into her creative process and inner struggles.

These examples show that diary writing can capture not only personal emotions but also the spirit of an era.

Benefits of Writing a Diary

●Encourages self-reflection and clarity of thought

● Acts as an emotional outlet

● Improves language and writing skills

● Preserves memories for the future

● Supports mental and emotional well-being

How to Write a Diary Effectively

● Write honestly without fear of judgment

● Maintain regularity, even if it is just a few lines

● Write about feelings, not just events

● Reflect on lessons learned from the day

● Make it personal—there is no “right” way to write

A New Year, A New Beginning

As the New Year begins tomorrow, it is the perfect time to start a diary. A fresh year offers blank pages waiting to be filled with thoughts, dreams, challenges, and achievements. Starting from Day One allows you to witness your own growth—emotionally, intellectually, and personally—over the months.

Why Start Writing from Day One?

●To track progress and personal growth throughout the year

● To develop a positive daily habit

●To reflect on successes and learn from mistakes

● To create a meaningful record of life’s journey

Even a few sentences each day can make a lasting difference. Years later, these pages will remind you of how far you have come.

Conclusion

The art of writing a diary lies in its honesty and continuity. Many famous personalities began with simple, private writings that later shaped history. As a new year unfolds, take inspiration from them. Pick up a pen, open a diary, and begin writing from today. Your thoughts matter, your journey matters—and your diary will one day become a priceless mirror of your life.

Start from tomorrow. Let this New Year begin with your first diary entry.

"A diary is not just a book of days—it is a mirror of the soul.”

Do you know

HOW DO CHAMELEONS CHANGE COLOUR?

Chameleons are among the most fascinating creatures in the animal kingdom, best known for their incredible ability to change colour. Contrary to popular belief, chameleons do not change colour just to blend into their surroundings. Their colour change is a complex scientific process linked to communication, temperature regulation, and emotions.

The Secret Lies in Their Skin:

A chameleon’s skin is made up of several layers of special cells that work together to produce colour changes.

1. Chromatophores – Pigment Cells

These are colour-containing cells found just beneath the outer skin. They include:

Xanthophores (yellow pigments)

Erythrophores (red pigments)

2. Iridophores – The Real Colour Magicians

Iridophores contain tiny nanocrystals made of guanine arranged in a lattice-like structure. These crystals reflect light rather than producing colour through pigment.

When a chameleon is calm, the crystals are packed closely together and reflect blue and green light.

When it is excited, angry, frightened, or courting, muscles stretch the skin, increasing the distance between the crystals.

This change reflects longer wavelengths of light, causing colours like yellow, orange, and red to appear.

3. Melanophores – Controlling Brightness

These cells contain dark pigments and lie beneath the other layers. They help make the skin appear darker or lighter, adjusting the intensity of the colour.

Why Do Chameleons Change Colour?

Chameleons change colour for several important reasons:

● Communication: Bright colours may signal aggression, dominance, or readiness to mate.

● Temperature Regulation: Dark colours absorb more heat, while lighter colours reflect sunlight.

● Emotional Expression: Stress, fear, excitement, or relaxation can trigger colour change.

● Camouflage: Though not the main purpose, colour change can sometimes help them blend into their environment.

How Fast Does It Happen?

Colour change can occur within seconds. The process is controlled by the nervous system and hormones, making it automatic rather than a conscious decision by the chameleon.

Do You Know?

● Chameleons are born with the ability to change colour.

● Not all chameleon species change colour in the same way.

● Their colour patterns are often brighter during social interactions than when hiding.

Conclusion:

The colour-changing ability of chameleons is a brilliant example of nature’s engineering. It is not simply camouflage but a sophisticated system of light reflection, cellular structure, and biological control. This unique adaptation helps chameleons survive, communicate, and thrive in their environment.

A Legacy of Faith, Harmony and Nation-Building

THE PARSI COMMUNITY 

The Parsi community is one of the smallest minority communities in India, yet its contribution to the nation’s progress is extraordinary. Known for integrity, philanthropy, discipline, and a progressive outlook, the Parsis have preserved an ancient religious heritage while playing a vital role in shaping modern India.

Origin and Migration to India:

Parsis are followers of Zoroastrianism, one of the world’s oldest monotheistic religions, founded by Prophet Zarathustra (Zoroaster) in ancient Persia (present-day Iran) about 3,500 years ago.

In the 7th century CE, Persia faced Arab invasions, leading to religious persecution of Zoroastrians. To safeguard their faith and way of life, many Zoroastrians migrated by sea and reached the western coast of India.

The Story of Sugar in Milk: Settlement in Gujarat

According to tradition, the Parsis landed at Sanjan in Gujarat between the 8th and 10th centuries CE. The region was ruled by King Jadi Rana.

When the Parsis requested permission to settle, the king is believed to have presented them with a bowl filled to the brim with milk, indicating that his kingdom had no space for newcomers. In response, the Parsi priest gently added sugar to the milk without spilling it, signifying that the Parsis would blend peacefully with society and enrich it without causing disturbance.

Impressed by their wisdom, humility, and peaceful intent, King Jadi Rana allowed the Parsis to settle, on the condition that they would:

● Adopt the local language (Gujarati)

● Respect local customs

● Live harmoniously with the local population

This symbolic episode reflects the Parsis’ values of adaptation, gratitude, and coexistence.

Religion and Core Beliefs: 

Parsis follow Zoroastrianism, which worships Ahura Mazda, the supreme god of truth and wisdom. The religion is guided by three eternal principles:

● Good Thoughts

● Good Words

● Good Deeds

Fire, symbolising purity and divine light, is sacred. Parsis worship in Fire Temples (Agiaries) where a sacred fire burns continuously.

Language, Culture and Festivals: 

Over time, Parsis adopted Gujarati as their spoken language while retaining Avestan for religious scriptures. Today, English is also widely used.

Important Parsi festivals include:

● Nowruz – Parsi New Year

● Khordad Sal – Birth anniversary of Prophet Zarathustra

● Gahambars – Seasonal thanksgiving festivals

Parsi cuisine is distinct, combining Persian and Indian flavours, with popular dishes such as Dhansak, Patra ni Machhi, and Sali Boti.

Social Customs and Way of Life:

Parsis are known for their modern outlook, strong emphasis on education, charity, and gender equality. Parsi women traditionally enjoy high social status and independence.

A unique funeral custom followed by the community is Dokhmenashini, in which the dead are placed in the Towers of Silence, allowing nature to complete the cycle of life.

Eminent Parsi Personalities Who Contributed to India’s Progress:

Despite their small population, Parsis have produced many national icons:

Jamsetji Tata – Founder of the Tata Group; pioneer of Indian industry

Sir Dadabhai Naoroji – Freedom fighter; first Indian member of the British Parliament

Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha – Father of India’s nuclear programme

Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw – India’s first Field Marshal; hero of the 1971 war

J. R. D. Tata – Aviation pioneer; founder of Air India

Ratan Tata – Visionary industrialist and philanthropist; former Chairman of Tata Sons, who expanded the Tata Group globally while upholding ethics, social responsibility, and nation-first values

Zubin Mehta – World-renowned orchestra conductor

Boman Irani – Eminent actor of Indian cinema

Present-Day Challenges

Today, the Parsi population in India is declining due to low birth rates and migration. The community and the government have initiated programmes to preserve Parsi heritage, traditions, and population.

Do You Know?

● Parsis were among the first communities in India to promote women’s education.

● Mumbai became the cultural and economic centre of the Parsi community.

● The sugar-in-milk story remains a powerful symbol of peaceful coexistence in Indian history.

Conclusion

The journey of the Parsi community—from refugees seeking shelter to pioneers of India’s progress—is truly inspiring. Through faith, humility, hard work, and service to society, the Parsis have enriched India far beyond their numbers. Their legacy, strengthened by leaders like Ratan Tata, continues to inspire generations and stands as a shining example of unity in diversity.

The Leaning Shrine Where Faith and Science meet

HUMA TEMPLE, ODISHA 

The Huma Temple, famously known as the Leaning Temple of Huma, is one of the most remarkable and spiritually significant temples of Odisha. Located on the tranquil banks of the Mahanadi River near Sambalpur, this ancient temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, worshipped as Lord Bimaleswar (Vimaleswara), stands out for its mysterious lean and the rich legends associated with its origin.

Origin and Discovery of the Temple

The discovery of the sacred shrine at Huma is closely linked with a popular legend that reflects divine intervention through nature.

According to local tradition, villagers once noticed that a cow returned home every day without milk, despite being healthy. Curious, the owner followed the cow and observed a miraculous sight. The cow stopped at a particular spot near the riverbank and poured its milk on a stone lying on the ground, as if offering it in worship.

When villagers dug the spot, they discovered a Shiva Lingam buried beneath the earth. Realising the place to be divinely blessed, devotees installed the Lingam and gradually constructed a temple at that very site. The deity came to be worshipped as Lord Bimaleswar, marking the sacred origin of the Huma Temple.

Historical Background

Historically, the present structure of the Huma Temple is believed to date back to the 16th–17th century CE, during the rule of the Chauhan dynasty of Sambalpur. The temple is commonly associated with King Baliar Singh, a devout follower of Lord Shiva, who is believed to have patronised and strengthened the shrine.

Built in the traditional Kalinga style of Odishan temple architecture, the Huma Temple is unique because the main sanctum, along with other structures in the complex, leans noticeably to one side. Though various scientific explanations have been suggested—such as soil conditions and riverbank foundations—the temple has remained stable for centuries, adding to its mystery.

Mythology and Local Legends

Mythology deeply influences the religious practices of the Huma Temple.

The Sacred Cow Legend

The story of the cow offering milk symbolises purity, devotion, and divine guidance. It reinforces the belief that sacred places reveal themselves when faith and innocence align with divine will.

The Legend of the Sacred Fish and the Stone Woman

Another powerful legend explains the sanctity of the fish found in the nearby waters of the Mahanadi River. According to folklore, a woman once attempted to catch and cut a fish from the river near the temple. Since the fish were considered sacred and protected by Lord Shiva, her act was seen as sacrilege.

It is believed that the woman was instantly turned into stone as divine punishment. Her stone figure is said to have existed near the temple, serving as a warning and reinforcing the belief that no harm should be done to the sacred fish. Even today, devotees feed these fish as an act of reverence.

Location

Village: Huma

District: Sambalpur

State: Odisha

Distance: Approximately 23 km south of Sambalpur town

The temple is located on the left bank of the Mahanadi River, surrounded by natural beauty and a peaceful atmosphere. Sambalpur is well connected by road and rail, while Jharsuguda Airport is the nearest airport.

Religious and Cultural Importance

Major Shaivite Centre: Huma Temple is a prominent pilgrimage site for devotees of Lord Shiva in western Odisha.

Maha Shivaratri Celebrations: The temple witnesses a huge influx of devotees during Maha Shivaratri, marked by special rituals and fairs.

Architectural Wonder: Its leaning structure makes it one of the rare leaning temples in the world.

Living Traditions: The sacred fish, legends, and rituals continue to shape the cultural life of the region.

Symbol of Faith: Despite its tilt, the temple stands strong, symbolising the endurance of faith over time.

Science Behind the Leaning of Huma Temple

The leaning nature of the Huma Temple has intrigued historians, architects, engineers, and scientists for centuries. While devotees view the tilt as a divine mystery, scholars have proposed several scientific and architectural explanations to understand this unique phenomenon.

1. Soil and Foundation Near the Riverbank

The most widely accepted scientific explanation relates to the soil condition of the Mahanadi riverbank.

The temple is built on alluvial soil, which is soft and prone to gradual settlement.

Over time, uneven settling of the foundation may have caused the structure to tilt in a particular direction.

Since the river flows nearby, erosion and moisture variation could have contributed to differential sinking of the base.

Interestingly, instead of collapsing, the temple stabilised at a fixed angle, suggesting slow and uniform settlement over centuries.

2. Intentional Architectural Design (A Controlled Lean)

Some scholars believe that the leaning may have been intentionally incorporated during construction.

The builders might have designed the temple with a slight inclination to counteract river pressure, soil movement, or seismic activity.

The temple follows the Kalinga style, where precise stone balancing was common.

The fact that smaller shrines and pillars within the complex also lean in the same direction supports the idea of a planned or controlled tilt rather than accidental damage.

However, there is no written inscription to conclusively prove this theory.

3. Interlocking Stone Technique

The stability of the leaning temple is also attributed to the advanced stone construction techniques used by ancient Indian architects.

Stones were cut with precision and fitted without cement.

The interlocking method allowed the structure to adjust naturally to ground movement without cracking.

This technique distributed weight evenly, preventing collapse despite the lean.

This reflects the high level of engineering knowledge possessed by temple builders of medieval Odisha.

4. Centre of Gravity and Structural Balance

From a physics perspective, the temple remains standing because its centre of gravity still falls within its base.

As long as the centre of gravity remains inside the foundation area, a structure can remain stable—even if tilted.

The gradual nature of the lean allowed the structure to find a new equilibrium, preventing sudden failure.

This explains why the temple has survived earthquakes, floods, and centuries of natural wear.

Faith and Science Together

While science explains how the Huma Temple leans and remains stable, faith explains why it matters to people. For devotees, the lean is not a defect but a sign that divine power transcends human logic.

Thus, the Huma Temple stands as a rare example where ancient engineering skill and spiritual belief coexist, reminding us that India’s heritage blends science with sacred tradition.

Huma Temple and Natural Calamities

Being located on the bank of the Mahanadi River, the Huma Temple has been naturally exposed to floods, strong river currents, and seasonal erosion for centuries.

Floods of the Mahanadi

The Mahanadi is a flood-prone river, especially during the monsoon season.

Over the years, the river has overflowed several times, and floodwaters have reached the temple premises on multiple occasions.

During severe monsoons, the surrounding areas of Huma village have been submerged, affecting access to the temple.

Despite this, the main shrine has never collapsed or suffered major structural damage.

Effect of Floods on the Temple Structure

Floodwaters may have contributed to soil movement and uneven settlement, which is believed to be one of the reasons behind the temple’s lean.

Continuous erosion and deposition of alluvial soil around the foundation likely caused gradual changes rather than sudden damage.

Importantly, the lean appears to have stabilised long ago and has not increased noticeably in recent times.

Other Natural Challenges

Apart from floods, the temple has also endured:

Earth tremors common to the eastern Indian region

Heat, humidity, and heavy rainfall

Riverbank erosion over long periods

Yet, the temple’s interlocking stone construction and balanced weight distribution have helped it withstand these challenges without visible cracks or collapse.

Why the Temple Survived

The survival of the Huma Temple through natural calamities is attributed to:

Gradual, slow soil settlement, not sudden shifts

Advanced ancient engineering techniques

A stable centre of gravity, even in its leaning state

For devotees, this endurance is seen as divine protection, while for engineers and historians, it is a testimony to India’s traditional architectural wisdom.

Though exposed to floods and natural forces for centuries, the Huma Temple remains standing — leaning yet stable. Its survival through floods of the Mahanadi and other natural challenges makes it not just a spiritual landmark, but also a living lesson in heritage engineering and resilience.

Conclusion

The Huma Temple is a harmonious blend of history, mythology, devotion, and architectural mystery. From the cow that revealed the hidden Shiva Lingam to the legend of the stone woman guarding the sanctity of sacred fish, every aspect of the temple reflects deep-rooted belief and reverence. Standing on the banks of the Mahanadi, the Leaning Temple of Huma continues to inspire awe, faith, and curiosity, making it a priceless spiritual treasure of Odisha.

Honouring India’s Bravest

PARAM VIR CHAKRA HEROES AT RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN 

India’s journey from colonial rule to a proud, sovereign nation is reflected not only in its Constitution and institutions, but also in the symbols it chooses to honour. In a historic and symbolic move, portraits of British-era officers displayed at Rashtrapati Bhavan have been removed and replaced with portraits of Indian soldiers awarded the Param Vir Chakra, the nation’s highest military gallantry award.

This significant change pays tribute to the supreme courage and sacrifice of India’s bravest soldiers and marks a conscious shift from colonial remembrance to national pride.

The Param Vir Dirgha at Rashtrapati Bhavan: On 16 December (Vijay Diwas), the Param Vir Dirgha, a dedicated gallery honouring India’s highest gallantry awardees, was inaugurated at Rashtrapati Bhavan. The gallery displays the portraits of all 21 recipients of the Param Vir Chakra.

Earlier, certain corridors featured portraits of British Aides-de-Camp from the colonial period. Their replacement with portraits of Indian war heroes symbolises India’s resolve to honour its own legacy of bravery, sacrifice, and patriotism.

About the Param Vir Chakra: The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is India’s highest military decoration, awarded for most conspicuous bravery or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy. Instituted in 1950, it has been awarded only 21 times, underscoring the extraordinary courage required to earn it.

A majority of these awards were conferred posthumously, reflecting the supreme sacrifice made by the soldiers in the service of the nation.

Param Vir Chakra Awardees:

Major Somnath Sharma (Posthumous) – India’s first PVC awardee; fought heroically in the 1947 Kashmir war.

Naik Jadunath Singh (Posthumous) – Repulsed repeated enemy attacks despite serious injuries.

2nd Lt Rama Raghoba Rane – Cleared enemy minefields under heavy fire to enable troop movement.

Company Havildar Major Piru Singh (Posthumous) – Destroyed enemy bunkers single-handedly before martyrdom.

Lance Naik Karam Singh – Held his post against repeated enemy attacks despite being wounded.

Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria (Posthumous) – Led a fearless charge during the UN mission in Congo.

Major Dhan Singh Thapa – Fought gallantly against overwhelming odds and endured captivity.

Subedar Joginder Singh (Posthumous) – Continued fighting the enemy despite severe injuries until his last breath.

Major Shaitan Singh (Posthumous) – Defended a high-altitude post in Ladakh, leading from the front.

Lt Col Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore (Posthumous) – Led armoured regiments and destroyed several enemy tanks.

CQMH Abdul Hamid (Posthumous) – Destroyed multiple enemy tanks during the 1965 war.

Lance Naik Albert Ekka (Posthumous) – Neutralised enemy bunkers in the 1971 war and sacrificed his life.

Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon (Posthumous) – Defended Srinagar airbase alone; the only Indian Air Force PVC recipient.

Major Hoshiar Singh Dahiya – Captured enemy posts despite being seriously wounded.

2nd Lt Arun Khetarpal (Posthumous) – Destroyed enemy tanks and refused evacuation before martyrdom.

Naib Subedar Bana Singh – Led a daring assault to capture a strategic peak in the Siachen Glacier.

Major Ramaswamy Parameswaran (Posthumous) – Continued commanding his unit even after being fatally wounded.

Lt Manoj Kumar Pandey (Posthumous) – Cleared enemy bunkers during the Kargil War despite fatal injuries.

Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav – Scaled a near-vertical cliff under intense enemy fire during Kargil.

Rifleman Sanjay Kumar – Captured key enemy positions single-handedly in the Kargil conflict.

Captain Vikram Batra (Posthumous) – Led fearless assaults in Kargil and became a symbol of unmatched courage.

A Lasting Inspiration:

The Param Vir Dirgha at Rashtrapati Bhavan stands as a powerful reminder that the freedom and security of the nation rest on the sacrifices of its soldiers. By replacing colonial-era portraits with those of India’s bravest warriors, the nation honours its true heroes and ensures that their legacy continues to inspire future generations.

The Day After Christmas and Its Significance

BOXING DAY 

The day immediately following Christmas, 26th December, is known as Boxing Day. It is celebrated in several countries around the world, especially those that were once part of the British Empire, such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Europe. Though the name may sound unusual, Boxing Day has a rich historical and social significance.

Why Is It Called Boxing Day?

The term “Boxing Day” does not refer to the sport of boxing. Instead, it originates from the tradition of giving boxes of gifts, money, or food to people in need.

Historically, during the 17th and 18th centuries in Britain:

● Wealthy families celebrated Christmas with grand feasts.

● Servants who worked on Christmas Day were given the following day off.

● On this day, servants received “Christmas boxes” containing gifts, leftover food, or money from their employers.

● Churches also opened their charity boxes on December 26 to distribute donations to the poor.

Thus, the day became associated with boxes of goodwill, leading to the name Boxing Day.

Religious Connection

Boxing Day is also associated with Saint Stephen, the first Christian martyr. In many Christian traditions, 26th December is observed as St. Stephen’s Day. Saint Stephen was known for his acts of charity, which aligns well with the spirit of giving and helping the needy on Boxing Day.

How Is Boxing Day Celebrated Today?

Over time, Boxing Day has evolved from a day of charity into a public holiday and social celebration in many countries.

Today, it is commonly marked by:

● Charitable activities and donations

● Family gatherings and relaxation after Christmas

● Sports events, especially football and cricket matches

● Shopping sales, with major discounts in many countries

● Community service and volunteering

● In some places, people still uphold the traditional spirit by helping the less fortunate and expressing gratitude to workers and service providers.

Boxing Day in India

Boxing Day is not a public holiday in most parts of India, but it is observed in regions with strong Christian influence, such as Goa, Kerala, and the North-Eastern states. In recent years, the term has also become familiar in India due to:

● International sports events like Boxing Day Test matches in cricket

● Year-end sales by shopping platforms

● Awareness through global culture and education

Do You Know?

📦 Boxing Day got its name from “Christmas boxes”, not boxing matches.

🕊️ It emphasises values like kindness, sharing, and gratitude.

🏏 The famous Boxing Day Test Match in cricket is played annually on 26th December in Australia.

Conclusion

Boxing Day reminds us that the joy of Christmas does not end with celebrations alone. It extends into acts of generosity, compassion, and thankfulness. Whether through helping others, spending time with loved ones, or simply reflecting on the spirit of giving, Boxing Day carries forward the true message of Christmas.