Celebrating Equality and Empowerment

NATIONAL GIRL CHILD DAY IN INDIA 

Every year on 24 January, India observes National Girl Child Day to highlight the importance of protecting, educating, and empowering girls. Initiated in 2008 by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, this day serves as a reminder that a nation’s true progress is measured by how it treats its girls.

Why National Girl Child Day Matters

Despite significant progress, many girls in India still face challenges such as gender discrimination, limited access to education, early marriage, poor healthcare, and social bias. National Girl Child Day aims to raise awareness about these issues and encourage society to ensure equal rights and opportunities for girls.

The day also seeks to change mindsets—moving away from viewing girls as a burden and recognising them as individuals with immense potential and capability.

Objectives of the Day

National Girl Child Day focuses on:

● Promoting gender equality

● Encouraging education for girls

● Ensuring health, nutrition, and safety

● Creating awareness about the legal rights of girls

●Eliminating harmful practices like female foeticide and child marriage

Each year, the government announces a theme that highlights a specific concern related to the welfare and empowerment of the girl child.

Government Initiatives Supporting the Girl Child

Several government programmes strengthen the message of National Girl Child Day:

●Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao – to save and educate the girl child

●Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana – to support the financial future of girls

●Kanya Shiksha Pravesh Utsav – to promote school enrolment for girls

These initiatives aim to create a supportive environment where girls can grow with dignity, confidence, and independence.

The Role of Society

While policies and programmes are important, real change begins at home and in communities. Respecting girls, giving them equal opportunities, encouraging their ambitions, and ensuring their safety are responsibilities shared by everyone.

Educated and empowered girls grow into strong women who contribute positively to families, communities, and the nation.

Conclusion

National Girl Child Day is not just a date on the calendar—it is a call to action. It reminds us to stand against discrimination, support education, and nurture the dreams of every girl child. When girls rise, society rises with them.

A girl child is not just the future of tomorrow—she is the strength of today.

The Boy with the Golden Arm

NEERAJ CHOPRA 

Neeraj Chopra, born on 24 December 1997 in the village of Khandra, Panipat (Haryana), is India’s most celebrated javelin thrower — an athlete whose name is now synonymous with excellence, perseverance, and historic firsts in Indian sports. 

From ‘Motu’ to Medal Magic

As a teenager, Neeraj was noticeably plump and weighed nearly 90 kg. Friends often teased him as “motu” (fatso), until his father encouraged him to join a gym. Soon after, he wandered into the Shivaji Stadium in Panipat, picked up a javelin — and coaches instantly recognised his natural aptitude. With early encouragement from Sports Authority of India coach Jaiveer Singh and later mentorship from coach Naseem Ahmad in Panchkula, Neeraj switched from being overweight to overtaking the best in the world.

Without formal technique training early on, he learned by watching YouTube clips of legendary thrower Jan Železný, instantly improving his own skill. 

Early Breakthroughs

Neeraj first burst into the national spotlight in October 2012, winning the junior national title with a throw of 68.40 m. By 2015, he was among the senior elite, earning a spot at the Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports in Patiala for advanced training, nutrition, and technique refinement.

In 2016 at the World U20 Championships in Poland, Neeraj threw 86.48 m — a world U20 record — and took gold, becoming the first Indian to set an athletics world record and win that title. 

He followed this with golds at the South Asian Games (2016), Asian Championships (2017), Commonwealth Games (2018), and Asian Games (2018). 

Olympic Glory and Global Breakthrough

On 7 August 2021 at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics (held in 2021 due to COVID-19), Neeraj etched his name into history. With a sensational 87.58 m throw in the final — his second attempt — he won the gold medal in javelin, becoming India’s first Olympic champion in athletics and just the second Indian individual Olympic gold medallist after shooter Abhinav Bindra (2008). 

His triumph ignited nationwide pride and dramatically raised interest in track and field across India. 

The Global Indian

Beyond the Olympics — Global Medals and Milestones

After Tokyo, Neeraj continued to shine on the world stage:

● 2022 World Athletics Championships — Silver medal in javelin, India’s second medal ever at the World Championships. 

● 2023 World Athletics Championships — Gold medal with an 88.17 m throw, making Neeraj the first Asian javelin thrower to become world champion. 

The Global Indian

● 2024 Paris Olympics — Silver medal with a personal best Olympic throw of 89.45 m, making him one of the few Indians with multiple Olympic medals and the first Indian track and field athlete to do so. 

● 2025 Diamond League — Achieved a historic personal best of 90.23 m, breaking the 90-metre barrier — a landmark for Indian athletics. 

● Neeraj Chopra Classic (2025) — Won the inaugural edition in Bengaluru, India’s first international field event hosted domestically. 

● Despite battling a back injury later in 2025, which saw him finish eighth at the World Championships in Tokyo, Neeraj remains a dominant and inspirational figure in javelin throw.

Army, Awards, and Honour

Neeraj is not just a sportsperson but also a soldier — inducted into the Indian Army as a Junior Commissioned Officer (JCO) with the Rajputana Rifles in 2016. He was promoted to Subedar Major and, in 2025, was conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army in recognition of his contributions to Indian sport. 

His many awards include:

● Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award (India’s highest sporting honour) (2021) 

● Padma Shri (2022) 

● Arjuna Award (2018) 

● Vishisht Seva Medal (2020) and Param Vishisht Seva Medal (2022)

Legacy and Influence

From a chubby village boy nicknamed “motu” to an Olympic and World champion, Neeraj’s journey transcends sport. He has inspired a generation of young Indians to pursue athletics, changing how javelin and track and field are viewed in a cricket-dominant nation. 

The Global Indian

As of today, Neeraj remains among the most followed athletes on social media and a symbol of relentless hard work, national pride, and sporting excellence. 

Glow in the Dark, Nature’s Light Show

FIREFLIES 

Have you ever witnessed the night come alive with tiny flickers of light dancing through the air? Fireflies, nature’s living lanterns, create one of the most magical spectacles on Earth. If you haven’t experienced it yet, May is the perfect time to do so. Head to rural Maharashtra, where forests and fields transform into glowing wonderlands during the annual Firefly Festival.

Popular destinations close to Mumbai, such as Bhandardara and Purushwadi, are well-known for their breathtaking firefly displays. Beginning around 17 May and lasting for nearly a month, the festival attracts nature lovers, families, photographers, and students alike. To preserve the experience, many locations thoughtfully designate separate zones for firefly watching and stargazing, ensuring minimal disturbance to both insects and observers.

Global Firefly Hotspots

India is not alone in celebrating this luminous phenomenon. Across the world, fireflies create equally stunning displays:

●Kuala Selangor and Kampung Kuantan, Malaysia – Mangrove forests along the Selangor River host thousands of fireflies that flash in perfect synchrony, lighting up entire trees.

●Elkmont, Great Smoky Mountains, USA – Famous for the Photinus carolinus, a rare species that flashes in coordinated waves, drawing visitors from across the globe.

●Nanacamilpa, Mexico – A protected forest sanctuary where millions of fireflies illuminate the landscape during peak season.

These destinations highlight the global importance of conserving habitats where fireflies thrive.

Fireflies and Stargazing: A Perfect Pair

Firefly habitats are usually far from city lights, making them ideal locations for stargazing. As fireflies glow below, the night sky above reveals constellations such as the North Star, Orion, Big Dipper, and Scorpius. On clear nights, the Milky Way stretches across the sky like a silver river, creating a rare experience where Earth and cosmos shine together.

Why Do Fireflies Glow?

Fireflies glow due to a fascinating process called bioluminescence. Inside their bodies, oxygen reacts with luciferin (a light-producing chemical) and luciferase (an enzyme), producing light without heat—often called cold light. This makes firefly light extremely energy-efficient.

The glow is primarily part of a mating ritual. Each species has a distinct flashing pattern. Males signal while flying, and females respond from leaves or grass, helping them recognise the correct partner. The pre-monsoon months of May and June, with warm and humid conditions, provide the ideal environment for this glowing courtship.

Interestingly, firefly larvae also glow faintly, warning predators that they are toxic—a natural defense mechanism.

The Need for Conservation

Sadly, firefly populations are declining worldwide due to light pollution, habitat destruction, pesticide use, and urbanisation. Artificial lights confuse fireflies and disrupt their mating signals. Responsible tourism—avoiding flashlights, loud noises, and plastic waste—is essential to protect these delicate insects.

Many local communities now promote eco-friendly firefly festivals, raising awareness about conservation while supporting rural livelihoods.

A Night of Wonder Awaits

Watching fireflies feels like stepping into a dream where nature reveals its quiet magic. As trees sparkle with living lights and stars shimmer overhead, the experience offers peace, wonder, and a deep connection with the natural world. In a fast-paced, technology-driven life, fireflies remind us that some of the most beautiful sights appear only when we slow down and embrace the darkness.

So this summer, step away from city lights, look up at the stars, watch the fireflies dance—and let nature’s light show leave you spellbound.

Do you know

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WAVE ENERGY AND TIDAL ENERGY 

The oceans cover more than 70% of Earth’s surface and are constantly in motion. This movement contains a huge amount of energy that can be converted into electricity. Two important forms of ocean-based renewable energy are wave energy and tidal energy. Although both come from the sea, they are created in different ways and use different technologies.

What Is Tidal Energy?

Tides occur because of the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on Earth’s oceans. As Earth rotates, this pull causes sea levels to rise and fall in a regular and predictable pattern, usually twice a day.

Tidal energy is generated by capturing this movement of water. One common method uses underwater tidal turbines, which look similar to wind turbines but are smaller and much stronger to withstand ocean currents. As tidal water flows past the blades, it turns the turbine, which powers a generator to produce electricity.

Another method involves tidal barrages. These are large barriers built across bays or estuaries. Water is trapped behind the barrage at high tide and then released at low tide, flowing through turbines to generate power.

Advantages of tidal energy:

● Highly predictable and reliable

● Produces clean, renewable electricity

● Long-lasting infrastructure

Limitations:

● Expensive to build

● Can affect marine ecosystems

● Suitable only in areas with strong tidal currents

What Is Wave Energy?

Wave energy comes from wind blowing across the surface of the ocean. The stronger and longer the wind blows, the larger the waves become. Unlike tides, waves vary depending on weather conditions.

Wave energy is captured using machines called wave energy converters. Some of these devices float on the ocean surface and move up and down with the waves. This motion drives pistons or hydraulic systems connected to generators. Other designs trap waves inside a chamber, forcing air through a turbine to generate electricity. Some wave energy systems are placed near the shore, while others operate offshore.

Advantages of wave energy:

● Large energy potential

● Does not produce pollution

● Can be installed near coastal areas

Limitations:

● Less predictable than tidal energy

● Technology is still developing

● Can be damaged by storms

Future of Ocean Energy

Scientists and engineers around the world are still improving these technologies to make them cheaper, safer, and more efficient. Countries with long coastlines, such as the UK, Portugal, Australia, and India, have great potential to benefit from ocean energy.

If developed successfully, wave and tidal energy could play a major role in reducing our dependence on fossil fuels, helping to fight climate change and provide clean, renewable power for future generations.

The Hidden Power of Endurance

THE POWER OF PERSISTENCE 

Life is rarely a smooth road. No matter who you are, where you come from, or what you are trying to achieve, obstacles are inevitable. Many people give up too early because they expect success to arrive quickly and effortlessly. When difficulties appear, they assume something is wrong with them or with their path. This belief is mistaken. Struggle is not a sign of failure—it is a natural part of progress.

Persistence is the ability to continue despite setbacks, failures, criticism, and exhaustion. It is not blind stubbornness, but the quiet decision to keep going when things become uncomfortable.

History, culture, and human experience repeatedly show that success belongs to those who can endure pain, delay, and disappointment without losing direction.

Fighting the Same Battle More Than Once

Margaret Thatcher once said, “You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.” This simple statement reflects a hard truth about life. Very few victories are achieved in a single attempt. Whether it is a career goal, a business idea, a relationship, or a personal habit, failure often comes before success—and sometimes more than once.

Losing once does not mean the battle is over. It means you have learned something. If you quit after the first failure, defeat becomes permanent. If you return with experience, better preparation, and stronger resolve, your chances of success increase. Persistence gives you multiple opportunities to succeed.

In everyday life, this truth is easy to observe. You may fail an exam once, yet pass later. You may lose a job, only to find a better opportunity. You may make mistakes in a project, but correcting them can lead to stronger results. Winning often comes after several losses, not before them.

Fall Seven Times, Stand Up Eight

A Japanese proverb wisely says, “Fall seven times, stand up eight.” Falling is not the problem—staying down is. Every human being fails, stumbles, and feels defeated at some point. What separates those who succeed from those who do not is what they do after they fall.

After failure, you always have a choice. You can remain stuck, complain, and blame circumstances. Or you can stand up, adjust yourself, and move forward. Standing up one more time than you fall is what creates progress.

Practically, this means accepting mistakes without self-hatred, learning without self-pity, and trying again without fear of embarrassment. Each fall builds experience. Each recovery builds confidence. Over time, failure becomes less frightening because you know you can always rise again.

Keep Going Through the Hardest Phase

There are moments in life when difficulties surround you from all sides. Everything feels painful, confusing, and overwhelming. During such times, quitting may seem like relief. But this is exactly when endurance matters most.

Winston Churchill’s advice remains timeless: “If you are going through hell, keep going.” Stopping in the middle of suffering does not end it—it prolongs it. If you are already in a difficult situation, moving forward is often the fastest way out. Pain has an endpoint, but only if you continue.

Whether it is a demanding phase at work, learning a difficult skill, or dealing with a temporary personal crisis, persistence protects the effort you have already invested. Progress may be slow, but slow movement is still movement.

When Hardship Makes You Stronger

An Arabian proverb says, “Blows that do not break your back strengthen it.” Not every hardship is destructive. Many challenges are lessons in disguise.

Surviving pressure, criticism, failure, or loss builds emotional strength, mental endurance, and practical wisdom. Just as muscles grow by resisting weight, character grows by resisting adversity. Comfort may feel pleasant, but struggle builds resilience.

This does not mean you should seek suffering. It means you should not fear it. When difficulties arise, treat them as training rather than punishment. Each challenge prepares you for greater responsibility ahead.

Why Persistence Matters More Than Talent

Persistence does not guarantee instant success, but it guarantees growth. Growth leads to better decisions, stronger confidence, and higher chances of long-term success. People who persist develop patience, discipline, and emotional balance—qualities that often matter more than talent alone.

In personal life, persistence helps build healthy habits, stronger relationships, and self-respect. In professional life, it helps withstand competition, criticism, and uncertainty. Over time, persistence turns ordinary effort into extraordinary results.

You may feel tired. You may feel discouraged. You may feel like giving up. But remember—you do not need to win today. You only need to continue. Fight the battle again. Stand up one more time. Keep moving through the difficult phase. Let hardship strengthen you instead of breaking you.

Persistence is not loud or dramatic. It is quiet, repetitive, and often unnoticed. Yet it remains one of the most powerful forces shaping human success.

Do you know

WHY DOES A CLOCK GO ONLY UP TO 12?

Have you ever wondered why most clocks show numbers only from 1 to 12, even though a full day has 24 hours? The answer takes us back thousands of years, to ancient civilisations and their early understanding of time.

The Ancient Love for the Number 12

Long before modern clocks existed, ancient cultures—especially in Mesopotamia and Egypt—considered the number 12 very special. Historians believe this may have been because:

● There are 12 lunar cycles (months) in a year

● There are 12 prominent constellations in the night sky

● The number 12 is easy to divide (by 2, 3, 4, and 6)

Because of this, 12 became a convenient and meaningful number for measuring time.

Sundials: The First Clocks

One of the earliest timekeeping devices was the sundial. It worked using the Sun’s movement across the sky.

A sundial had:

● A flat surface marked with divisions

● A vertical stick or pillar called a gnomon

● As the Earth rotated, the Sun’s position changed, causing the shadow of the gnomon to move. Ancient sundials often divided the daylight—from sunrise to sunset—into 12 parts. The middle point marked midday, when the Sun was highest in the sky.

Dividing the Night

When people later learned to measure time at night using water clocks (clepsydra) and oil lamps, they divided the night into 12 parts as well. This led to the idea of a 24-hour day:

● 12 hours of day

● 12 hours of night

However, these early hours were not equal in length, because days are longer in summer and shorter in winter.

The Birth of Accurate Timekeeping

With the invention of mechanical clocks in medieval Europe, timekeeping became more accurate. By then, the 24-hour framework was deeply rooted, so people kept it—even though they now had better technology.

To make clockfaces easier to read, clockmakers continued using 12 numbers, allowing the hour hand to go around the dial twice a day.

AM and PM Explained

In countries like India, time is commonly shown using the 12-hour system, divided into:

AM (Ante Meridiem) – Before midday

PM (Post Meridiem) – After midday

So, 7:00 AM means morning, while 7:00 PM means evening.

What About the 24-Hour Clock?

Many countries use the 24-hour time system, especially in:

● Military

● Railways

● Aviation

● Hospitals

In this system:

● 1:00 PM becomes 13:00

● 8:00 PM becomes 20:00

In India, the 24-hour system is mainly used in transport schedules and defense services.

Why Not 24 Numbers on a Clock?

Although 24-hour clockfaces do exist, they are less popular. Why?

● The numbers are crowded and harder to read

● The 12-hour clock is simpler and more familiar

● People are used to dividing the day mentally into morning and evening

After all, no one wants a clock that causes a real time crunch!

Did You Know?

● Ancient Egyptians also divided the year into 360 days, another number linked to 12

● Some modern watches combine both 12-hour and 24-hour markings

● Digital clocks still follow ancient ideas, even with modern technology

Conclusion

A clock goes only up to 12 because of ancient beliefs, early tools like sundials, and human preference for simplicity. Even with advanced technology, we continue to use this age-old system—a perfect example of how history shapes everyday life.

Time may move forward, but its design still ticks to an ancient rhythm!

Building a Healthier Nation

FIT India Movement

The FIT India Movement is a nationwide initiative launched to encourage people to adopt a healthy and active lifestyle. Recognising that good health is the foundation of a strong nation, this movement aims to make fitness an integral part of daily life for every Indian.

Launch of the FIT India Movement: The FIT India Movement was launched on 29 August 2019 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the occasion of National Sports Day, which marks the birth anniversary of hockey legend Major Dhyan Chand. The initiative highlights the importance of physical activity, balanced nutrition, and mental well-being.

Objectives of the Movement

The main goal of the FIT India Movement is to promote fitness as a way of life rather than a short-term activity. It encourages citizens to:

● Include physical exercise in their daily routine

● Reduce sedentary habits and screen time

● Follow healthy eating practices

● Improve mental health and overall well-being

Key Initiatives Under FIT India

Several programmes have been launched under the FIT India Movement to reach people of all age groups:

● Fit India School Programme: Encourages students to stay active through sports, yoga, and daily exercise

● Fit India Freedom Run: Promotes running and walking to celebrate fitness and freedom

● Fit India Cyclothon: Encourages cycling as an eco-friendly and healthy activity

● Yoga and traditional sports: Promotes India’s ancient wellness practices and indigenous games

Role of Schools and Communities: Schools play a vital role in spreading the message of fitness. Daily physical activities, yoga sessions, and sports competitions help children develop healthy habits from a young age. Community events, fitness challenges, and awareness campaigns also motivate people to participate actively.

FIT India and a Healthy Future: The movement addresses growing health concerns such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and stress, which are often linked to inactive lifestyles. By encouraging regular exercise and mindful living, FIT India aims to reduce lifestyle-related diseases and improve the quality of life of citizens.

Did You Know?

🏃 National Sports Day is celebrated on 29 August every year in India.

🧘 The FIT India Movement promotes yoga and traditional Indian sports alongside modern fitness activities.

🇮🇳 The initiative encourages citizens to take a FIT India pledge to stay active and healthy.

Conclusion: The FIT India Movement is more than a government initiative—it is a call for every Indian to take responsibility for their health. By adopting simple habits like walking, exercising, eating well, and staying active, citizens can contribute to building a fitter, healthier, and stronger India.

The one who became Khatu Shyam

THE DIVINE STORY OF BARBARIK 

In the sacred age of the Mahabharata, there lived a warrior whose valor was unmatched and whose devotion was pure. His name was Barbarik, the beloved grandson of mighty Bhima and the son of the valiant Ghatotkacha. Gifted by the Divine Mother herself, Barbarik possessed three celestial arrows, each filled with divine power. With these three arrows alone, he was capable of ending the great war of Kurukshetra in a single moment.

As the conch shells echoed across the battlefield, Barbarik arrived at Kurukshetra and stood calmly beneath a peepal tree, right between the armies of the Kauravas and the Pandavas. With folded hands and unwavering faith, he declared,

“I shall fight from the side that is losing.”

This vow, born out of compassion, stirred deep concern in the heart of Lord Krishna, the knower of all destinies. Krishna foresaw that such unmatched power, bound by an innocent promise, could destroy both sides and disrupt the divine purpose of the war.

To understand the depth of Barbarik’s strength, Krishna approached him along with Arjuna. Smiling gently, Krishna pointed to a tree and said,

“If you can pierce every leaf of this tree with a single arrow, I will accept your greatness.”

With humble reverence, Barbarik released his arrow. Miraculously, the arrow pierced every leaf, one after another. A single leaf fell to the ground unnoticed. Seeing this, Krishna softly placed His foot upon it. Yet the arrow, obedient to its master’s command, halted near Krishna’s feet.

Barbarik bowed and said,

“O Lord, there is still one leaf beneath Your foot. Please remove it. I instructed the arrow to pierce leaves—not Your divine feet.”

At that moment, Krishna understood that Barbarik’s power was not merely martial—it was governed by divine discipline and unwavering intent.

Knowing the danger that lay ahead, Krishna adopted the gentle form of a Brahmin and visited Barbarik’s camp at dawn. In a humble voice, He asked for alms. Barbarik welcomed Him with devotion and said,

“Ask for anything, revered one.”

The Brahmin smiled and replied,

“I shall ask for something you may not be able to give.”

Yet without hesitation, Barbarik agreed.

Then came the divine request: his head.

Without fear, without sorrow, and without hesitation, Barbarik bowed before Krishna. For the victory of dharma and the welfare of his ancestors, the Pandavas, he willingly offered his head in supreme sacrifice.

Before doing so, Barbarik expressed one final wish—to witness the great war. Moved by his devotion, Lord Krishna granted him divine vision and placed his sacred head upon a high place from where he could see the entire battlefield.

After bathing, praying, and singing hymns through the night, Barbarik offered his head to Krishna on Phalguna Shukla Dwadashi, attaining immortality through sacrifice.

As the war ended and the Pandavas debated over who deserved credit for victory, Krishna smiled and said,

“Let Barbarik decide.”

From his divine vantage point, Barbarik spoke the eternal truth:

“It was only Krishna’s Sudarshan Chakra that fought on both sides, and Draupadi herself appeared as Goddess Kali, drinking the blood of the unrighteous.”

Pleased beyond measure, Lord Krishna blessed Barbarik and said,

“In the age of Kaliyuga, you shall be worshipped in My own name. Whoever remembers you with faith shall never be defeated by despair.”

Thus, Barbarik became Khatu Shyam—

the God of the defeated,

the protector of the helpless,

the eternal symbol of sacrifice, devotion, and grace.

Even today, devotees bow before Khatu Shyam Ji, knowing that where hope fades, Shyam Baba stands as eternal support.

India’s Digital Payment Revolution

UNIFIED PAYMENTS INTERFACE (UPI)

India’s Unified Payments Interface, popularly known as UPI, has transformed the way people send and receive money. What began as a simple idea to make digital payments easier has today become a global benchmark for fast, secure, and inclusive payment systems.

UPI: The World’s Largest Fast-Pay System

In its 2025 report, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) officially recognised India’s UPI as the world’s largest retail real-time payment system. According to the report, UPI processes around 129.3 billion real-time transactions annually, accounting for nearly 49% of all real-time digital payments across the globe.

This remarkable achievement places India ahead of countries like Brazil, Thailand, China, and South Korea in the use of instant payment platforms.

How UPI Changed Everyday Payments

UPI allows users to transfer money instantly using a mobile phone, without needing bank account numbers or IFSC codes. A simple UPI ID or QR code is enough to complete a transaction within seconds.

Today, UPI is used for:

● Paying at local shops and supermarkets

● Shopping on apps and online platforms

● Booking transport and travel

● Paying electricity, water, and gas bills

● Accessing government services and subsidies

From street vendors to large malls, UPI has become a part of daily life for millions of Indians.

A Boost to Financial Inclusion

One of UPI’s biggest successes is how it has brought digital payments to people across cities, towns, and villages. With just a smartphone and a bank account, anyone can use UPI. This has helped small businesses, farmers, and self-employed workers become part of the formal digital economy.

UPI Goes Global

UPI’s success is no longer limited to India. The platform is now accepted in several countries, allowing Indian travellers to pay abroad using the same apps they use at home.

Did You Know?

🇮🇳 UPI is accepted in countries like Singapore, Bhutan, and the UAE, making international payments simple for Indian travellers.

📱 UPI works 24/7, even on bank holidays.

💡 It was launched in 2016 by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).

🌍 Many countries are studying UPI as a model to build their own digital payment systems.

The Future of UPI

With features like UPI Lite, credit on UPI, and cross-border payments, the system continues to evolve. As India moves toward a cash-light economy, UPI stands as a powerful example of how technology can make everyday life simpler, faster, and more connected.

A Cut Above the Rest

✂️ THE HISTORY OF SCISSORS 

With just a little squeeze, scissors can cut paper, string, fabric, and even hair. They are so common today that we hardly think about them—but scissors have a fascinating history that stretches back thousands of years. In fact, they are among the oldest tools still in everyday use.

✨ The First Snip: Ancient Beginnings

The earliest known scissors appeared in Ancient Egypt around 1500–1000 BCE. These early scissors were quite different from the ones we use today. They were made from a single piece of bronze, shaped like two blades joined by a flexible strip of metal. To cut something, the user had to squeeze the blades together and then let them spring back apart. These are known as spring scissors.

Because bronze was expensive, such scissors were mostly used by craftsmen for cutting cloth, leather, or papyrus.

🏛️ A Roman Revolution in Design

A major improvement came from the ancient Romans around the 1st century CE. They introduced pivoted scissors, where two separate blades were joined in the middle with a pin or screw. This allowed the blades to rotate smoothly, making cutting faster, easier, and more precise.

This design was so effective that it became the foundation for nearly all modern scissors. In many ways, the scissors you use today still follow the Roman idea!

🔨 Handmade Masterpieces of the Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, scissors were handcrafted by skilled blacksmiths, especially in Europe. These scissors were made of iron or steel and were often beautifully decorated. Some had engraved handles or unique shapes, making them both tools and works of art.

At this time, scissors were expensive and valuable. Only tailors, barbers, weavers, and gardeners usually owned them. Many families passed scissors down from one generation to the next.

⚙️ The Industrial Age: Scissors for Everyone

The biggest change came in the 18th century. In 1761, an Englishman named Robert Hinchliffe became the first person to mass-produce scissors made entirely of cast steel. Using moulds allowed scissors to be made faster, cheaper, and with consistent quality.

This innovation made scissors affordable for ordinary households, and their use spread rapidly across the world.

✂️ Scissors Today: Tools for Every Task

Today, scissors come in countless shapes, sizes, and styles, each designed for a specific job:

● Safety scissors with rounded tips for children

● Hair-cutting scissors for barbers and stylists

● Fabric scissors for tailors and designers

●Shears for gardening and cutting thick materials

● Surgical scissors used by doctors

● Left-handed scissors, designed to fit comfortably

● Modern scissors are made from stainless steel, plastic, titanium, or ceramic, and many have soft grips for comfort.

Despite all these changes, the basic principle remains the same: two sharp blades working together to create a clean cut.

🤔 Did You Know?

✂️ The world’s largest pair of scissors is over 3.6 metres long—taller than a giraffe’s neck!

✂️ The word scissors comes from the Latin word “scindere”, meaning to cut.

✂️ Even though we say “a pair of scissors,” it is treated as a plural noun in English.

🌟 Conclusion

From ancient bronze spring scissors to today’s high-tech cutting tools, scissors have come a long way. Their simple yet clever design has stood the test of time, proving that sometimes the best inventions don’t need much changing at all. The next time you pick up a pair of scissors, remember—you’re holding a piece of history in your hand!

The Scientist Who Heard the Whisper of Plants

JAGDISH CHANDRA BOSE 

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose (1858–1937) was one of India’s greatest scientists, whose work bridged physics, biology, and botany at a time when such interdisciplinary research was unheard of. He was a pioneer who proved that plants are living, sensitive beings, and he laid foundations for modern wireless communication—long before it became mainstream.

Early Life and Education: Jagdish Chandra Bose was born on 30 November 1858 in Mymensingh (now in Bangladesh), then part of British India. His father, Bhagawan Chandra Bose, believed strongly in Indian culture and education. Bose’s early schooling in a vernacular school helped him remain deeply connected to Indian traditions.

He later studied at St. Xavier’s College, Calcutta, under the guidance of Father Eugene Lafont. Bose went on to England, where he studied at Cambridge University, earning degrees in natural sciences.

Contributions to Science:

1) Pioneer of Wireless Communication

Before Guglielmo Marconi became famous for radio transmission, Bose demonstrated wireless communication using microwaves in the 1890s. He invented several instruments, including the mercury coherer, used for detecting radio waves.

Unlike many scientists of his time, Bose refused to patent his inventions, believing that scientific knowledge should benefit humanity freely.

2) Proving That Plants Feel

Bose’s most revolutionary work was in plant physiology. He invented a sensitive instrument called the Crescograph, which could measure tiny movements in plants.

Through experiments, Bose showed that plants: respond to heat, cold, light, noise, and chemicals; experience stress and fatigue; show reactions similar to pain and pleasure

His research challenged the belief that plants were lifeless and earned him international recognition.

Challenges and Recognition: As an Indian scientist under British rule, Bose faced discrimination and skepticism. Initially, he was paid less than his British colleagues. Despite this, his brilliance could not be ignored.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1920 and knighted in 1917, after which he became known as Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose.

The Bose Institute: In 1917, Bose founded the Bose Institute in Calcutta, India’s first interdisciplinary research centre. It remains a leading scientific institution today and stands as a testament to his vision of independent scientific research in India.

Legacy: Jagdish Chandra Bose was more than a scientist—he was a thinker, philosopher, and patriot. He proved that Indian minds could lead global science, even during colonial times. His work continues to inspire scientists, environmentalists, and students across the world.

Conclusion: Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose’s life teaches us that true science is driven not by fame or profit, but by curiosity, courage, and compassion for life. By listening to nature and respecting knowledge, he left behind a legacy that still speaks to the modern world.

A Story of Dreams, Loss, and Resilience

THE STORY OF WASHING POWDER NIRMA 

In the late 1960s, washing clothes in India was expensive. Most families could not afford branded washing powders, and people mostly used soap bars to wash their clothes. At that time, a young man named Karsanbhai Patel decided to change this.

Karsanbhai Patel was working as a chemist in the Gujarat government. In his free time, he started making his own detergent powder at home. He carefully mixed chemicals in his backyard and tested the powder himself. Once he was satisfied with the quality, he packed it in small bags.

Every morning before going to work, he would take his bicycle and go door-to-door selling his detergent. He sold it for just ₹3 per kilogram, while other popular brands cost around ₹15. Many people were surprised that a good detergent could be so cheap.

At first, shopkeepers and big companies did not take him seriously. But housewives loved the product because it cleaned clothes well and saved money. Slowly, word spread from one home to another, and the demand grew.

Karsanbhai named his detergent “Nirma,” after his daughter. With the profits he earned, he set up a small factory. Over time, Nirma became one of India’s most popular detergent brands.

Tragically, she passed away later in a road accident, and after her death, the name Nirma took on a deeper emotional meaning for him. He continued to grow the brand, and it became both a business success and a lasting memory of his daughter.

In the 1980s, Nirma challenged big multinational companies and became a household name. Its catchy jingle—

“Washing Powder Nirma, Washing Powder Nirma…”

made it famous across the country.

The success of Nirma showed that hard work, innovation, and understanding the needs of common people can create something extraordinary. Karsanbhai Patel’s simple idea changed the way millions of Indians washed their clothes.

Do you know

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BODY WHEN A PERSON GETS ELECTROCUTED?

Electrocution occurs when electric current passes through the human body. Since the body itself functions through delicate electrical signals—especially in the nerves, muscles, and heart—an external electric shock can severely disrupt normal bodily functions. The effects of electrocution can range from mild injuries to fatal consequences, depending on factors such as the strength of the current, duration of exposure, and the path the electricity takes through the body.

Disruption of the Nervous System: The nervous system is highly sensitive to electricity. When an electric current enters the body, it interferes with normal nerve signals. This can result in sudden muscle spasms, loss of control over body movements, confusion, or even unconsciousness. In many cases, the muscles contract so tightly that the person is unable to let go of the electrical source, prolonging exposure and increasing injury.

Severe Muscle Contractions: Electric current causes involuntary and powerful muscle contractions. These contractions may lead to temporary paralysis, locking of the jaw or hands, and in extreme cases, fractures or dislocations caused by the sheer force of the muscle movement.

Effects on the Heart: One of the most dangerous consequences of electrocution is its impact on the heart. Electricity can disrupt the heart’s normal rhythm, causing conditions such as ventricular fibrillation, where the heart beats erratically, or cardiac arrest, where the heart stops altogether. Even relatively small amounts of current passing through the chest can be life-threatening.

Breathing Difficulties: Electrocution can paralyse the muscles responsible for breathing or interfere with the brain centres that control respiration. This may result in respiratory arrest, leading to a lack of oxygen supply to vital organs, particularly the brain.

External and Internal Burns: Electrical injuries often cause burns at the points where the current enters and exits the body. However, the most serious damage may occur internally. As electricity passes through tissues, it generates heat that can burn muscles, nerves, and organs beneath the skin. These internal burns are not always immediately visible but can be extremely dangerous.

Damage to Organs and Tissues: Electric current can destroy muscle tissue, leading to a condition known as rhabdomyolysis. The breakdown products of damaged muscles can enter the bloodstream and potentially cause kidney failure. Blood vessels and nerves may also be permanently damaged.

Effects on the Brain: Depending on the severity of the shock, electrocution can cause seizures, memory loss, long-term neurological problems, coma, or death. Brain injury may result either from the direct effect of electricity or from oxygen deprivation due to breathing or heart failure.

Factors That Determine Severity

The seriousness of electrocution depends on several factors, including:

● The voltage and strength of the current

● The duration of contact

● Whether the skin is wet or dry (wet skin conducts electricity more easily)

● The path taken by the current through the body

Conclusion : Electrocution is unpredictable and can cause serious internal injuries even when external signs appear minor. Immediate medical attention is essential in all cases of electrical shock. Understanding how electricity affects the body highlights the importance of electrical safety in everyday life.

A Thousand Years of Faith, Destruction, and Renewal

SOMNATH TEMPLE, GUJARAT 

The Somnath Temple, located at Prabhas Patan near Veraval on the coast of Gujarat, is one of the most sacred shrines of Hinduism. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, it is revered as the first among the twelve Jyotirlingas. Over the centuries, Somnath has come to symbolise not only devotion, but also the enduring spirit of Indian civilisation.

In recent times, the temple has been in the news for completing 1,000 years since the first recorded attack in 1026 CE, a milestone that highlights its extraordinary historical journey.

Sacred Origins and Importance: The name Somnath means “Lord of the Moon.” According to legend, Chandra (the Moon God) worshipped Lord Shiva at this site to be freed from a curse that caused him to wane. Pleased by his devotion, Shiva restored his brilliance and manifested here as a Jyotirlinga.

Ancient Hindu scriptures such as the Rig Veda, Shiva Purana, and Skanda Purana mention Somnath, indicating that it was regarded as a sacred site from very early times.

Early History and Rise to Prominence: Historically, Somnath grew into a grand and wealthy temple during the early medieval period. Under the Chaulukya (Solanki) rulers of Gujarat, especially King Bhima I, the temple was magnificently rebuilt in stone in the early 11th century, becoming an important centre of pilgrimage, learning, and culture.

The First Recorded Attack – 1026 CE

The first historically documented attack on the Somnath Temple occurred in January 1026 CE, when it was raided by Mahmud of Ghazni, ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire.

Despite resistance by local defenders, the temple was heavily damaged and plundered.

This event marks a turning point in Somnath’s history and is now widely recognised as the beginning of a long cycle of destruction and reconstruction. The year 2026 marks 1,000 years since this first recorded attack, bringing renewed attention to the temple’s legacy of resilience.

Cycles of Destruction and Reconstruction

After 1026 CE, Somnath was rebuilt several times by Hindu rulers and devotees:

● Reconstructed by Chaulukya kings after Mahmud of Ghazni’s raid

● Attacked again in 1299 CE by forces of Alauddin Khilji

● Rebuilt by the Chudasama rulers of Gujarat in the 14th century

● Damaged again in 1395 CE under Zafar Khan, founder of the Gujarat Sultanate

● During the Mughal period, especially under Aurangzeb, the temple faced further destruction and neglect

Each time, Somnath rose again—earning its reputation as a shrine that refused to disappear.

Rebirth in Independent India: After India gained independence, the reconstruction of Somnath became a matter of national pride. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel strongly advocated rebuilding the temple as a symbol of cultural self-respect and renewal.

The present temple was completed and consecrated in 1951, marking one of the earliest large cultural reconstruction projects of independent India.

Architecture and Setting: The current Somnath Temple is built in the Chalukya style of architecture, noted for its balance, elegance, and intricate carvings.

● The shikhara (spire) rises over 150 feet

● It is crowned with a golden Kalash

● The temple faces the Arabian Sea, creating a powerful and serene backdrop

● An inscription near the shore famously states that there is no land between Somnath and the South Pole, reflecting ancient India’s geographical understanding.

Living Traditions and Festivals: Somnath remains a vibrant centre of worship. Daily Abhishek, Aarti, and Darshan rituals attract thousands of devotees. Major festivals such as Mahashivratri, the month of Shravan, and Kartik Purnima see large pilgrimages.

The sound of temple bells blending with ocean waves gives Somnath its unique spiritual atmosphere.

Did You Know?

🔹 Somnath is the first Jyotirlinga among the twelve sacred Shiva shrines.

🔹 The first recorded attack on the temple took place in January 1026 CE.

🔹 The year 2026 marks 1,000 years since that historic attack.

🔹 Somnath has been destroyed and rebuilt multiple times over nearly a millennium.

🔹 The modern temple was completed in 1951, soon after India’s independence.

🔹 The site is believed to be a Triveni Sangam, where the rivers Hiran, Kapila, and Saraswati meet the sea.

Somnath: A Symbol Beyond Stone

Today, the Somnath Temple stands as a monument to faith that survives time and turmoil. Its thousand-year history reminds us that while structures may fall, belief, culture, and identity endure. Facing the endless sea, Somnath continues to inspire generations with its message of resilience, devotion, and rebirth.